Inkqayi kaKoch - njani ukunqoba ibhaktiriya eyingozi?

Esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo kwiplanethi kwizilwanyana kunye nabantu isifo sofuba . I-wand yaKoch yi-agent ekhuselekileyo yesi sifo esiyingozi, apho uluntu luye lwalwela iminyaka emininzi. Izazinzulu kunye noogqirha bahlala bequlunqa iziyobisi ezintsha, kodwa abakwazi ukutshabalalisa i-bacillus.

Ziziphi iibhakteria ze-Koch's wand?

Abantu abaninzi banomdla kumbuzo weliphi iqela leebhaktheriya lingumjikelo kaKoch? Kuyo ye-genus ye-pathogenic mycobacteria (actinobacteria). Into eyingozi kakhulu kubantu ziintlobo ezi-3: inkunzi, iphakathi kunye noluntu. Ii-microorganisms zisesisombululo se-reticuloendothelial yomzimba, zibe negobolondo engaphandle kunye nefom ekhulu, efana nefungus.

I-wand yaKoch yintsebenziswano ye-TB yesifo sofuba

Ichaphazela isifo sofuba sentonga kaKoch kunye nenombolo ye-mycobacteria yayo ebonisa ubungqina. I-Bacilli ingena ngaphakathi kumzimba womntu kwasebuncinaneni, kodwa eso sifo asibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uphuhliso lwayo lunempembelelo enamandla:

• uzuzo lwezinto;
• ukukhulelwa komzimba ;
• imeko yoxinzelelo yomntu njalo njalo.

Indlela yokubulala umjikelo kaKoki?

Le billillus, ngenxa yegobolondo yayo yangaphandle, inokuthi ibonakale igxininisekile, ngoko ke kulula ukuyibulala. Angaphila phezu kwengubo yezinto kunye nezinto ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwintonga kaKoch kuqhutywa ngoncedo lwe-chlorine ene-liquids (iiyure ezingama-5), i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ultraviolet irradiation kunye nelanga elithe ngqo (malunga neeyure ezingama-2).

Uhambo lukaKoch luhlala ixesha elingakanani?

Ibhaktiriya inekhono ekhethekileyo lokuqhubeka kwi-anaerobic state engapheliyo iminyaka emininzi. Ukunyamezela lula ukushisa nokubandayo, umswakama obuninzi kunye nokumisa. Ukuphendula umbuzo: bangaphi abantu abahlala kwindlu, sinokuthi kuloo ndawo efudumeleyo kwaye imanzi iya kufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-7. Ngaphantsi kweemeko, i-bacillus iyasebenza:

• kwi-manure - iminyaka eyi-15;
• kwiincwadi - iinyanga ezintathu;
• emhlabeni - ezintandathu iinyanga;
• emanzini - iinyanga ezi-5;
• esitratweni sesitalato - iinyanga ezimbini;
• kwibisi elingapheliyo - iiveki ezimbini;
• eshizi kunye neoli - 1 unyaka.

Ifa likaKoch lifa njani?

Ukusebenzisa amanyathelo okukhusela, abaninzi abantu bayazibuza: ngaluphi ubushushu obushushu lukaKoch? Le billillus iphila xa i-liquid ishushu:

• ukuya kwi-60 ° С - malunga neyure;
• kwi-70 ° C - ukuya kwimitha engama-40;
• ekubileni - ukuya kwi-25 iminithi.

Utshintshi lukaKoch ludluliselwa njani?

Ukuzama ukuzikhusela kunye nabathandekayo babo kwisifo sesifo sofuba, abantu banomdla kwindlela uhambo lukaKoch lusasazeka ngayo. Iyakusasazwa ngamaconsi amanzi: ngethuba lokuthetha, ukukrazula, ukukhwehlela. Iibhaktheriya ezithatheleneyo ziyakuthatyathwa ngokutya okungalunganga. Kule meko, abantwana banokubamba i-bacillus, kuba izigulana ixesha elide abazi ngeengxaki zabo.

Phantse abantu abangama-100 abagulayo bayagula malunga namahlanu. Bonke abanye baya kuqhubeka bephila ngokuthula, ukuba akukho nciphiso lwezinto ezikhuselekileyo zomzimba. I-wand yaKoch ingaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphuhlise kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• ngokungalingani okanye ukungondleki (ukutya okusemathinini, imibala yokutya);
• ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye notywala;
• kwiimeko zokuhlala ezingenakufanelekanga kunye neendawo zokuhlala;
• xa utshaya;
• usebenzisa i-antibiotics;
• kunye nezifo ezifana ne-AIDS, isifo sikashukela, izilonda, i -asthma ye-bronchial njalonjalo.

Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweKoch

Ixesha, ukususela kumzuzwana wokungena emzimbeni we-mycobacteria nangaphambi kokuqala kweempawu zokuqala, kuthiwa yixesha lokuxubusha. Eli nqanaba linokuhlala kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kunyaka. Intonga kaKoch - i-agent engabangela ukuba isifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sofuba sifinyelela kuqala kwindawo yokuphefumula kwaye ixhomekeke kummandla wesistim somzimba. Ukukhethwa kwamanani amaninzi kunokwenzeka:

1. Emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo onomzimba okhuselekileyo, i-bacillus iyaphela, kwaye i-resinter ye-british recycled ikhutshwe kwiimeko zangaphakathi. Esi sifo asiyi kukhula kule meko.
2. Kwi-system immune system, i-mycobacterium ayiyi kubola. Kuye kunye negazi, kungena kwimiphunga, amathumbu, iintso, amathambo, kwaye kugxininiswa kwesi sifo.

Emva koko, ixesha lokuxubusha liphela kwaye umntu uziva iimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Eli xesha kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuzimisela, ekubeni ukuqala kokuphuhliswa nokukhula kwendonga kaKoch kufana kakhulu kwiimpawu zentsholongwane yokuphefumula okanye utywala. Kwinqanaba eliphambili, akukho bhilikliya ekhishwa emzimbeni kwindawo. Uvavanyo lweMantoux ngeli xesha lubonisa umphumo ongezantsi.

I-Koch's - Iimpawu

Isifo sesifo sofuba sinokuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kwempawu, kwaye sithotyelwa emva kwe-fluorography. Izaziso zeengcali zitshintsha okanye ukubonakala kwimibala kumfanekiso wesifuba. I-wand yaKoch ibangela emzimbeni womntu iimpawu zokuqala:

• ukulahleka kwesidlo;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• u buqhetseba;
• ukukhupha ;
• ukulahleka kwesisindo;
• ukwanda kwinqempa yomzimba ukuya kuma-37.5 degrees;
• i-blanching yesikhumba.

Ngokwezibalo, malunga nengxenye yesithathu yabemi behlabathi kwihlabathi lisuleleke kwi-british Koch's wand, kodwa abanako ukusulela abanye. Le ndlela ifakwe isifo sofuba kunye nokuthi isifo eso siza kuqala ukuphuhlisa kuphela 10%. E mngciphekweni:

• abantwana abasuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-3;
• abafuduki kunye nababaleki;
• abantu abakhonza ixesha kwiindawo zokunyanzelwa inkululeko;
• abantu abangenazo indawo yokuhlala.

Kwimigangatho yokugqibela yesifo sofuba-ifomu evulekileyo, iibhaktheriya ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Eli nqanaba lichaphazela kakhulu kwaye libonakaliswe kwifom:

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• ukungcola;
• ukukhwehlela ehamba ne-sputum kwaye ngaphandle kwayo;
• intlungu kwisifuba esimweni sokuzola kunye nokukhwehlela;
• ukubonakala kwiputum yegazi.

Uhlalutyo lukaKoch

Ukujonga ukuba kukho intonga kaKoki emzimbeni womntu, ibhaktheriya ebangela ukuba isifo sifanele iingcali. Indlela ephambili yokuxilongwa yinkcazo epheleleyo:

• iimvavanyo zegazi kunye neeklinikhi zegazi ;
• i-microbiological kunye nokuhlaziywa ngokubanzi;
• I-X-ray, eyenziwa ngo-3 ukuhlolwa;
• uvavanyo lwe-microbiological of sputum kunye nayiphi na imfihlo;
• i-enzyme immunoassay;
• Uvavanyo lweMantoux okanye iPirke.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa okanye ukukhanyela ukuxilongwa, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zenziwa:

• ukubetha
• biopsy;
• bronchoscopy;
• uvavanyo lwe-serological lwe-sputum kunye negazi;
• ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic okanye i-tomography eqingqiweyo.

Uviwo luqhutyelwa kuqala ngumgqirha kwi-polyclinic, kwaye ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uyathumela kwi-dispensary ye-TB kwi-pulmonologist okanye i-phthisiatrist. Ukuba umntu uyagula, ngoko kuhlalutya kwakhe kuya kuba:

• inani elinyukayo le-ESR, ngaphezu kwama-60 mm ngeyure, ngesantya se-10;
• inamba ephezulu ye-leukocyte kunye noshintsho kwimo yabo;
• umlinganiselo phakathi kweenguqu kunye ne-stab neutrophils utshintsha;
• i-hemoglobin ihlala emida.

Unyango lweKoch

Uhlobo olunefuthe lwesifo sofuba luphathwa ngoluhlu olukhethekileyo lwee-antibiotics. Oku kubangelwa ukuba intonga kaKoch ngokukhawuleza ivumelanisa neziyobisi kwaye iqala ukuyixhathisa. I-Mycobacterium ngexesha lokuphila kwayo inokukhupha izinto ezinobuthi ezinefuthe elibi kwi-immunity and humoral immunities kunye nezitho zetyhefu kunye nezicubu zomzimba womntu.

I-wand yaKoch-isifo esihloliselwe ukujamelana nalo, isigulane sichazwe izidakamizwa ezine ezisisiseko kwaye sizongezelela ngamachiza ancedisayo. Ngokomzekelo, olo hlobo lwe-sorbent, olufana ne-Polysorb, lubopha iimveliso ezinobuncwane emzimbeni ngoncedo lwe-silicon dioxide kwaye lunceda ukususa, kwaye luyakwandisa nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza angundoqo.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, oogqirha basebenzisa unyango olulondolozo, ukufumana nokulondolozwa komzimba, okubandakanya:

• chemotherapy:
• Ukuqhuba unyango;
• ukondla o
• unyango lwe vithamini;
• physiotherapy;
• ikhosi yeziyobisi ezinzulu kufuneka zithathwe ngexesha elithile kunye neqondo elicacileyo.

Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, ukungenelela kokusetyenziswa ngophengululo kusetyenziswa, apho indawo echaphazelekayo, inxalenye yomphunga okanye isilumkiso isuswe. Ukuba i-fluid iqokelela kwisigxina, ingcali yenze i-puncture ipompe it out. Ngokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwesigulane kunye nemimiselo yonke, isifo sofuba siyaphiliswa, kwaye kwimeko echasene nesifo sifana kwaye siphele ngesiphumo esibulalayo.