- Idilesi: I- Vatican City, Cortile del Belvedere
- Ifowuni: +3960669879411
- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.vaticanlibrary.va
Intshukumo enkulu yeVatican yiTreean Library Apostolic Library, ilayibrari ecebileyo elawula iMinyaka Yama-Middle and Renaissance manuscripts. UPapa - uNicholas V wasungula ithala leencwadi kwi-XV leminyaka. Iikholeji zeThala leencwadi zihlala zizaliswa, kwaye namhlanje iincwadi ezingaphezu kweyesigidi nesigamu, malunga neminyaka engamawaka anamahlanu amawaka emibhalo, izigidi ezisibhozo ezingamawaka angamawaka angamawaka, amawaka angamakhulu amawaka eemali kunye neemali. I-Library yeVatican Apostolic Library inesikolo sokuqeqeshwa kwenzululwazi yesayensi, i-laboratory apho iikopi zokuqokelela zibuyiselwa khona.
Ukutshintsha ilayibrari kwanokuphuhlisa njani?
Ukuqokelela imiboniso yelayibrari yaqala ngekhulu le-IV. Esi siganeko sidibene negama likaPapa iDamaseko I. Okokuqala amaxwebhu agcinwe kwingqolowa yolondolozo, kwaye kwinqanaba le-VI kuphela i-librarian yokuqala yamiselwa. NgeMinyaka Ephakathi, iLathala yamaVangeli yeVatican yayiphangwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, amaninzi amanqaku aye alahleka ngokuthe tye.
Umsunguli weelayibrari yase-Vatican ekhoyo ngoku ithathwa ngokuba nguPapa uNiclas. Abaphambili bakhe baqokelela kwaye bagcina imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kodwa nguPapa uNiclas V owandise kakhulu imali yamathala eencwadi, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yokuqokelela kwakhe. Imiboniso yeelayibrari yaba yinto efumanekayo kuluntu jikelele ngo-1475, kwaye yabalwa ngamakhophi angamawaka amabini anesiqingatha. Ukuqhelana namaxwebhu avunyelwe kuphela kwindawo phantsi kolawulo olusondeleyo lwelayibrari.
Ngaphantsi kwePapa uLo X, iLathala leVatican yafumana imibhalo emininzi, kuba yayicinga ukuzalisa nokunyusa iqoqo njengento yakhe eyintloko. Ngowe-1527, ithala leencwadi laphinda labhujiswa, lalinakalisa, kwaye amaninzi amanqaku achithelwa. UPapa uSixtus V wanquma ukuhambisa ithala leencwadi kwindawo entsha. Umcwangcisi uDomenico Fontana wakha isakhiwo apho i-Vatican Apostolic Library yafakwa khona emva koko. Kwakukhudlwana kunokuba ngaphambili kunye neekhabhinethi zokhuni zaqala ukusetyenziswa ukugcina imibukiso.
Emva kweXVII leminyaka, isiko sibonakala samkela ukuqokelela abantu kunye nabantu basebukhosini njengesipho. Isiseko se-Vatican Apostolic Library sagcwaliswa kwakhona ngenxa yemibhalo yesandla ebiwe ngexesha lemfazwe kwezinye iindawo. Kule nto, kufuneka kuthethwe ngo-Queen waseSweden u-Christina, owanika ilayibrari incwadi ezininzi ezithandekayo eziqokelelwa nguye kunye noyise kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, uClement XI wahamba ngokuhambela eSiriya naseYiputa, ukucebisa nokuzalisa ukuqokelela ilayibrari. Kufunyenwe i-securities engaphezu kwe-150 eyayihlobisa iqoqo leThala leVatican.
Ukuhlasela kweempi zikaNapoleon kwakungenye indlela ekuphuhliseni ithala leencwadi, ekubeni iikopi ezininzi zokuqokelela zatshitshiswa kwaye zathathwa ngaphandle kwelizwe. Kamva, ininzi yebiwe ibuyiselwe kwiVatican.
Unyaka we-1855 waba lukhulu kwiThala leVatican, ekubeni ukuqokelelwa kweqoqo kwakuquka iincwadi zeCount Chikonyar kunye nemibhalo yesandla yeKardinal Meyi, eyayibalwa malunga ne-1,500.
Elona nto ibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ithala leencwadi kwakunyulo lukaPapa Leo XIII, umguquleli omkhulu. Nguye owavula amagumbi okufunda waza wenza iincwadi ezishicilelweyo ezikhoyo. Waseka i-laboratory yokubuyiselwa, imithetho ephuhlisiwe yokuhlanganiswa kweenkcukacha zee-manuscripts, ezisasebenza namhlanje. UPapa uLo XIII wandisa kakhulu inani lemiboniso yeThala leVatican Apostolic Library eVatican.
Imisebenzi ebizwa ngokuba yiLathala yaseVatican ukuba ikwazi ukuqonda:
- ukugcina izithethe zenkcubeko ezinikezelwe kuyo;
- ukuzalisa iqoqo nazo zonke iintlobo zemiboniso;
- ukuqhuba uphando lwezesayensi
- ubuyekeze iindlela zobugcisa;
- Amava okutshintshiselana nabo kunye noogxa bamazwe ahlukeneyo.
Siya kuhamba ngeeholo zelayibrari
Ithala leVatican Apostolic Library likhulu kwaye lilungelelanisa iinqanaba ezifanelekileyo. Ngomnyaka we-1611 kukho iholo, ebizwa ngokuba yiholo lomtshato wase-Aldobrandini. Iqukethe i fresco efanayo, ebonisa umtshato ka-Aleksander Omkhulu noRoxanne. Kwakhona kwindibano zigcinwa ezinye iifrescoes zakudala, eziphathelene ne-IV BC. e. Kwiholo yepapyrus igcinwa "i-papyrus yaseRavensky" Kwakhona ehholo kuboniswe iikhabhi zegolide kunye nemifanekiso yokubakho ebomini babantu belo xesha.
Ngo-1690 kwavulwa iHolo yeAlexander. IFrescos ihlobisa iindonga zegumbi, uthetha ngobomi nokufa kukaPapa Pius. Malunga nobomi kunye neepontificate zikaPapa Paul V xelela ezimbini kwiindibano ezifanayo. Ivenkile yeThala lePalatine iThala leViI ye-Urban. Kwakhona kufutshane neefestile zale gumbi ungabona izixhobo zeenkwenkwezi.
Iholide, egcina izixhobo zamaKristu okuqala, yavulwa ngo-1756. Iifumaneka kwi-Etruscans yakudala kunye namaRoma zifumaneka kwiMyuziyam yoLuntu lweeNcwadi zeVatican Apostolic Library. Indawo leyo, eneempahla neempahla, ibizwa ngokuba nguPius V. Chapel. Imiboniso inomdla kakhulu, ezininzi zenziwe ngeensimbi ezixabisekileyo. Igalari kaClement ihlotshiswe ngamafrescoes ngu-Angelis umculi, ebonisa izicwangciso ebomini bukaPius VII.
Iholo egcina imiqulu kunye neencwadi zibizwa ngokuba yiSistine salon. Ehholo yizona ziqhamo ezicebileyo ezibonisa iilayibrari zamandulo. Imifanekiso ifakwa ngamasayineli.
Abalawuli badla ngokumthanda baze baqulunqwa ngozuko lwabo lokubonga. UPapa uPius IX wanikezelwa udumo olunjalo, enye yeeHolo ze-Apostolic Library yaseVatican yaqanjwa ngozuko lwakhe. Ngaphambili, kule holo, kwakugcinwa ukuzukiswa kwintlonelo yakhe, kwaye ngoku kukho iimbumba eziqhelekileyo.
Ukongezelela ekuqokelelwa kweencwadi, imiqulu, imiqulu kunye nezinye izinto, iLathala yeVatican Apostolic Library iyimali yeentlawulo zemali kunye neemali.
Lawulo
Kwakhona kunomdla ukulawula ilayibrari yaseVatican. Namhlanje intloko yelayibrari yikhadiyali-ithala leencwadi. Umncedisi wakhe oyintloko ngumphathi (ngokuqhelekileyo uthatha inxaxheba kwezobuchwephesha, izinto ezinqabileyo zesayensi). Kukho iphini lesiphathiswa, kunye nabaphathi beekholeji kunye neeholo, kunye noxanduva lwe-treasury nobhala. Ukongezelela, phantsi kweThala leVatican Apostolic Library, ibhunga liye lahlelwa, elinoxanduva lokucebisa umkhawuli-khalayibrari kunye nesiphathiswa.
Ndokutyelela njani?
Ithala leVatican Apostolic Library livuliwe ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuJulayi. Ngo-Agasti, akunakwenzeka ukufikelela kwilayibrari, kuba le nyanga likhefu labo bonke abasebenzi. I-Library ye-Apostolic ivulekile ukutyelela ngeentsuku zeveki ukusuka kwi-8.45 ukuya ku-17: 15, ngoMgqibelo nangeCawa imihla.
Akuyena wonke umntu onokuya kwilayibrari. Ngaphandle kobunzima, kuphela izazinzulu kunye nabafundi abaphumeleleyo bangafaka, kodwa abafundi abavunyelwe ukungena. Abakhenkethi bahlukeneyo, ngoko ke, ukuba bahlawule ityelelo le-16 ye-euro, uya kuzifumana kwenye yezona ndawo ezimangalisayo emhlabeni. Ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo xa tyelela ithala leencwadi kubonakala. Izambatho zakho akufanele zifumaneke, zingabikho, zivule. Abahlukumeli bekhowudi yokugqoka abakwazi ukungena kwigumbi lelayibrari.
Ukuze ufike kwiThala leVatican Apostolic Library, kufuneka ukhethe indlela ehamba phambili yokuthutha:
- I-Metro: kufuneka ufike ngesitimela kwenye yezikhululo kumgca A. Indawo ekuya kuyo yi-Musei Vaticani.
- Ibhasi eneenombolo: 32, 49, 81, 492, 982, 990 iya kukusa kwiThala leNcwadi yeVatican.
- Inombolo yeTram 19 ibuye ihambe ngendlela efanelekileyo.
IVatican ibetha ingcamango ngobukho bezikhumbuzo ezininzi zezakhiwo kunye neenkcubeko kwindawo encinci. Siyidolophu enezithethe, izithethe kunye neeholide . Ukuba unethuba lokutyelela le ndawo emangalisayo, ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokutyelela enye yezinto ezikhangayo kwiVatican - iTree Library.
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