- Idilesi: 00120, iVatican
- Ifowuni: +39 06 6988 3860
- Indawo: iPalazzo
- Indawo ye-Vatican Museums: http://www.museivaticani.va
INdwendwe yezithunywa zevangeli kwiVatican yi-"yokuhlala" esemthethweni yePapa. Kwakhona kuthiwa yiPapal Palace, i- Palace yaseVatican , kunye negama layo elisemthethweni yiNdlu yeSixtus V. Enyanisweni, oku akusiyo esinye isakhiwo, kodwa "yonke iqoqo" leendwendwe, iitempel, ii-chapel, iimyuziyam kunye neefriji zakhiwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Zonke zifumaneka kwiCortile di Sisto V.
Kukho iNtsika yezoPostile kwimntla-ntshona yeSt. Peter Cathedral . Eceleni kwayo kukho izinto ezimbini ezidumileyo - iigodlo likaGregorio XIII kunye neBastion kaNicholas V.
Inxalenye ethile yembali
Xa ngokuqinisekileyo abaPostile Palace beyakhelwe, awaziwa ngokuchanekileyo, idatha iyahluke ngokukodwa: abathile beembali-mlando bakholelwa ukuba ezinye iinxalenye zezantsi, inxalenye enkulu kunazo zonke zakhiwa ekupheleni kwe-III - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-IV ngexesha lolawulo lukaConstantine Omkhulu, abanye-ukuba " omncinci "kwaye wakhiwa kwikhulu le-VI. I-colonnade yabuyela kwinkulungwane ye-8, kwaye ngo-1447 phantsi kwePapa uNicholas V izakhiwo ezindala zabhujiswa, kwaye kwakhiwa indlu entsha kwindlu yayo ("inxaxheba" kwezinye zezinto ezidala). Kwakugqitywa kwaye kwakhiwa kwakhona, kwada kwaphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16-ngokunyanisekileyo, kodwa ngekhulu lama-20 kwagqitywa (umzekelo, ngaphantsi kwePapa uPius XI owangena emnyango ongundoqo wemyuziyam).
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Raphael's Staats
Amagumbi amancinci amane, aqoshwe nguRafael nabafundi bakhe, abizwa ngokuba nguStanze di Rafaello - uRafael's Stantsi (igama elithi "stanza" liguqulela njengegumbi). La magumbi ahlotshiswe ngumyalelo kaPapa uJulius II - wabakhetha njengendawo yokuzimela, engafuni ukuhlala emagumbini ahlala kuyo phambi kuka-Alexander VI. Kukho umlando wokuthi ezinye zepeyinti zisezindongeni zikhona, kodwa uJulius, wabetha ngeteknolo kaRafael, wayala ukuba aqoqe yonke imidwebo kwaye wayala umculi ukuba agqibe igumbi-nangona uRafael ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-25 kuphela.
Igumbi lokuqala libizwa ngokuthi iStanza del Senatura; nguyedwa kuphela wezine ogcina igama loqobo - ngoku zonke zibizwa ngokuba ngumxholo oyintloko weefrescoes ezihlobisa. Isayinithi ekuguquleleni ithetha "uphawu", "faka uphawu" - igumbi lisebenza njengeofisi, kuyo uyise wayifunda amaphepha athunyelwe kuye, asayine kwaye atyikitye isayinwe sakhe ngesitywina.
Umdwebi wachaza igumbi ngexesha lokusukela ngo-1508 ukuya ku-1511, lizinikezele ekuzipheleleni komntu, kwaye izibhengezo ezi-4 zimelela izikhokelo ezi-4 zolu hlobo: ifilosofi, ubulungisa, i-theology kunye neebongozo.
Umzobo weStanza d'Eliodoro wenziwa ukususela ngo-1511 ukuya ku-1514; Umxholo wemizobo yintando kaThixo eya kwiCawa kunye nabafundisi bayo.
Isiqendu sesithathu sabizwa ngokuba yi-Incendio di Borgo - enye yefrescoes, ebonisa umlilo kwindawo yaseBerggo, ecaleni kwendlu yasepalini. Zonke iifresco apha zizinikele kwizenzo zabapapa (kuquka iifresco ezinikezelwe emlilweni - ngokwemfihlakalo, uPapa Leo wakwazi ukumisa umnqamlezo kungekhona nje ukwethuka, kodwa nomlilo). Ukusebenza kwipayipi yakhe yenziwa ukusuka kwi-1514 ukuya kwi-1517 iminyaka.
Isiqalo sokugqibela - Sala di Konstantino - sele sagqityiwe ngabafundi bakaRafael, ekubeni ngowe-1520 umculi wafa. Ulwakhiwo lunikezelwe kumzabalazo wobukumkani wokuqala wamaRoma ongumRoma uConstantine kunye nabahedeni.
Belvedere Palace
I-Belvedere Palace ibizwa ngokuba yi-Apollo Belvedersky, egcinwa khona. Namhlanje kwibhotwe yi- museum yasePius-Clement . Ukongezelela kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo we-Apollo, kukho ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo, kuquka umfanekiso weLaocoon, i-Aphrodite yaseCnidus, i-Antinous yaseBelvedere, iPerseus yaseAntonio Canova, iHercules, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo eqingqiweyo.
Ingqungquthela, i-museum iqukethe imiboniso engaphezu kwe-8: iHolo yezilwanyana inemifanekiso engama-150 ebonisa iziqhelo ezahlukeneyo nezilwanyana (ezinye zazo ziyikopi zeemifanekiso ezidumiweyo ze-antique, ezinye zibuyiselwa ngumdwebi waseTaliyane uFrancesco Franconi); Nantsi, phakathi kwezinye, umfanekiso wesigrike samaGrike obonisa isibonda seMinotaur. KwiHolo leMuses kukho izifanekiso ezibonisa uApollo kunye ne-9 muses. Ezi ziqhotyoshelweyo zikopi zeemvelaphi zamandulo zamaGrike ezivela kwi-3 leminyaka BC. Nantsi iphosti evela kwi-torvedere torso kunye neefashini zamanani aqhelekileyo aseGrike, kuquka iPericles. I-Muses Hall i-octagonal in shape, ijikelezwe ngamakholomu enegunya laseKorinte. Ingqalelo ngaphezu kweemifanekiso ngokwazo, idonsa umzobo wokupenda we-brush kaTomaszo Konka, uqhubeka nomxholo oyinhloko owenziwe yimifanekiso, kwaye ubonisa iMuses kunye neApollo, kunye neengqungquthela ezidumileyo zamandulo - isiGrike namaRoma.
Umzobo weendonga zegalari yemifanekiso yenziwe nguPinturicchio nabafundi bakhe. Nazi izithixo zithixo noothixokazi, abalawuli bamaRoma (uAgasto, uMarcus Aurelius, uNero, uCaracalla, njl.), Oomthonyama kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo, kwakunye neikopi zemifanekiso yamandulo yamaGrisi. Impendulo eyahlukileyo yegalari ihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso emibini edumileyo: Jupiter esihlalweni sobukhosi kunye nokulala u-Ariadne, kwaye ngaphandle kwabo unokubona izifanekiso ezifana neDrunken Satyr, isiLilo sePenelope nabanye. KwiHolo leBhutshi kukho iibhasi zabemi baseRoma abadumileyo kunye noothixo bamandulo, kubandakanywa ukuxhaswa okuphezulu kwe-Cato no-Portia. Ingqikithi ehholo inee-100 zeebhasi kunye neefrescoes ze-Renaissance.
Kwakhona kufanelekile ukukhankanywa yiHolo yoMnqamlezo wesiGrike (obizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso omelela ngokubhekiselele), i-Mask iKhabhinethi, i-Rotunda kunye nekhabe enkulu ye-porolyry porphyry ehleli kuyo, iKhabhinethi ye-Apoximen.
Ngaphambi kweNdlu yaseBelvedere kukho umthombo onjenge-cone - umsebenzi wePirro Ligorio, kwaye indawo ekuthiwa kuyo kuthiwa yiNkundla yasePinnia . Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, i-cone yayihlobisa i-Field of Mars eParis, kodwa ngowe-1608 yathunyelwa kwiVatican ibe ifakwe phambi kwendawo yokungena kwiNdwendwe yaseBelvedere. Ingumzekelo wokudala umhlaba.
Ukongeza kwidonki, isikwere sihlotshiswe ngeso sakhiwo samanje Sfera con Sfera - "Sphere kwintsimi" nguArnaldo Pomodoro, esungulwe kwiminyaka eyi-90 yekhulu lokugqibela. Iimitha ezine zamamitha zangaphandle zethusi ziqukethe indawo ejikelezayo yangaphakathi, apho iphethini ibonakala khona, ibonakala "emigodini" kunye "nemingxuma" kwindawo yangaphandle. Ubeka umhlaba kuMhlaba kwaye uyabiza ukuba acinge nge nyaniso yokuba yonke into eyenziwa yintshatyalaliso ebangela iplanethi yayo ifumana impendulo yayo kwihlabathi langaphandle.
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Sistine Chapel
I-Sistine Chapel yakhiwa ngexesha lolawulo lukaPapa uSixtus IV (ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1473 kwaye yagqitywa ngo-1481) kwaye yaqanjwa ngozuko lwakhe, kwaye ngomhla we-Ascension weNtombikazi kaMariya ngo-Agasti 15, 1483, wahlanjululwa. Ngaphambi kwayo, kule ndawo kwakukhona enye i-chapel, apho kwakufuneka inkundla yepapa ihlanganiswe khona. Ingcamango yokudala i-chapel entsha, eyomeleleyo kwaye inokukwazi ukusinda ekungqingeni, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yavela eSixtus IV ngokumalunga neengongelo zokuhlaselwa kolwandle olusempuma lwaseItaly ngu-Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, kwaye ngenxa yesongelo lomkhosi kwi-Signoria Medici.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqiniswa kwesiqulatho, kwaye ukuhlobisa kweso sakhiwo kwakungalityalwa: udonga lwamadonga luyenziwe nguSandro Boticelli, uPenturikkio kunye nabanye abaculi abadumiweyo bexesha. Kamva, sele sele ukhona noPapa Julius II, uMichelangelo waphendula umzobo wecala (luchaza ukudala ihlabathi), i-lunettes kunye ne-decking. Kwimilo emine ibonisa amabali eBhayibhileni "Inyoka Yengwenya", "UDavid noGoliyati", "uKara Amana" kunye no "Judith noHolofernes." U-Michelangelo wenza umsebenzi ngexesha elifutshane, nangona yena ngokwakhe wazibeka njengomdwebi, kungekhona njengomdwebi, ngaphandle koko, ngexesha lomsebenzi kwakukho ubunzima obuhlukahlukeneyo (ezinye iifrescos zafuneka zidibanwe ngenxa yokuba zazigqutywe ngumbumba omanzi, apho babesetyenziselwa khona, babonakaliswe ekubunjweni kwesikhunta, kamva esinye isitya sasetyenzisiwe, kwaye iifrescoes zapatswa ngokutsha).
Emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi kwipeyinti yecala ngo-Oktobha 31, ngo-1512, iintsimbi ezihlambulukileyo zenziwa kwi-chapel entsha (ngosuku olufanayo kunye neyure enye emva kweminyaka engama-500, ngo-2012, iiVespers zaphindwa kwakhona nguPapa uBenedict XVI). Akumangalisi ukuba yayinguMichelangelo obanikezwe umzobo wodonga lwesibingelelo. Imisebenzi yenziwe ngumphathi ukususela ngo-1536 ukuya ku-1541; Kulo donga kukho umcimbi weSigwebo Sokugqibela.
Ukususela ngo-1492 - kunye ne-conclave, apho uPapa wakhethwa khona uRodrigo Borgia, owaba nguPapa uAlexander VI - kwiSistine Chapel wayehlala ebambelele.
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AmaPapa
Indlu apho upapa uphila kwaye isebenza phezulu; ezinye iifestile zijonga iSt. Peter's Square . Ziquka amanani amaninzi-i-ofisi, igumbi likamabhala, igumbi lokumkela, igumbi lokulala, igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokudlela, ikhitshi. Kananjalo kukho ilayibrari enkulu, i-chapel kunye neofisi yezokwelapha, ebaluleke kakhulu kunikezelwa iminyaka apho ama-cardinals atyathwa ngamapapa. Nangona kunjalo, umbonisi uFrancis washiya amakamelo apapa waza wahlala kwindawo yokuhlala yaseSanta Marta, kwigumbi elinamagumbi amabini.
KwiNdlunkulu yezobupostile kukho enye "yamagumbi epapa" - iindawo zokuhlala zibizwa ngokuba nguPapa uAlexander VI - uBorgia. Namhlanje ziyingxenye yeThala leVatican Library , evulekele kubakhenkethi, ukutsala ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwimifanekiso eyenziwe yiPinturicchio.
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Unokutyelela njani kwiNdwendwe yamaPostile?
Unokutyelela iNtendelezo yabaPostile ngeentsuku zeveki kunye neMigqibelo ukusuka ku-9 ukuya ku-18-00. Ithikithi elidala libiza i-euro ezili-16, unokuyithenga kwiofisi yetikiti phambi kwe-16-00. NgeSonto lokugqibela lenyanga leyo i-museum ingahanjelwa ukusuka ku-9-00 ukuya ku-12-30 ngokukhululekile.