I-virus ye-Zika (ZIKV) yintsholongwane ye-arbovirus yo-zoonotic eqhutyelwa luhlobo oluthile lwemiyane ehlala kwimimandla eshushu kunye neyasemhlabeni. Ukongezelela, izazinzulu zibonisa ukuba amathuba okusuleleka ngocansi awucacisiwe. Kule nkalo, wonke umntu wamhlanje kufuneka abe neengcamango zeziphi iimpawu ezichaphazelekayo kubantu abanentsholongwane kaZika. Kwizinto ozozithumelayo, iimpawu zentsholongwane kaZick zinikezwa, kwaye iimpawu kunye nokunyathelo okukhusela isifo zichazwe.
Iimpawu zokusulela intsholongwane kaZika
Ngethuba lokuqala, iimeko ze-Zick fever zafunyanwa ngo-1952 kumazwe ase-Afrika. Ekugqibeleni ukugqabhuka kwenzeka ngo-2015 eLatin America. Yiyo le meko yentsholongwane echaphazelekayo ngokubanzi kuluntu kumazwe amaninzi, kuba yiBrazil leyo kufuneka ibe yilizwe eliphambili lee-Olimpiki ze-2016, kwaye ngokwe-WHO, iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-Zick zibalulekile nje kubadlali, kodwa kuzo zonke iindwendwe zeMidlalo yeOlimpiki. isifo esiyingozi.
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane yesifo sengculaza i-Zika inokuvela kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Kwiimeko ezininzi ngelo xesha akukho zibonakaliso zesifo ziyabonwa.
Emva kokuphela kwexesha lokuxubusha, kukho ekuqaleni ukukhathazeka okuncane malunga ne-malaise jikelele, kodwa njengoko isifo sifana, ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswa kwizigulane:
- ukugqithisa okuphazamisayo (i-macular okanye ipapular) eyenza yonke indawo yomzimba;
- intloko;
- ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa ukuya kuma-39 degrees;
- ukuphosa;
- intlungu ebuhlungu kunye neentlungu;
- ukuvuvukala kummandla odibeneyo;
- ukuvuvukala kunye nokubomvu kwe-conjunctiva;
- impendulo ebukhali ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.
Iziphumo zentsholongwane yintsholongwane kaZika
Iingcali zithi emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-Zik, izigulane zibuyele, isiphumo esibulalayo sigxininiswe kwiimeko ezizodwa. Ngexesha elifanayo kwimithombo ethile kuboniswe ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantu abanesifo somkhuhlane banengxaki yegazi. Kodwa iingcali eziyingozi kakhulu zibona ukuvela kweempawu zentsholongwane ye-Zik kwiimali ezikhulelweyo, ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsana ye-microcephaly-i-pathology ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ubukhulu beengqondo kunye negazi. Okwangoku, akukho zindlela zokuthintela ukusasazwa kwe-intrauterine yesifo.
Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ka-zik
Okwangoku, iindlela zokuthintela ukukhusela i-Zik fever azizange zenziwe.
Izindlela eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela ngokukodwa zikhathalela abahanjethi abaya kutyelela amazwe ashushu. Phakathi kweendlela zokukhuselwa kwisifo sengculaza (njengokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, uphawu lwezityalo ezitshatyalaliswayo kunye nama-subtropics):
- iminatha yobumyoyi kunye nezikrini kwiifestile kunye nokungena kwiindawo zokuhlala;
- bembethe iingubo ezikhusela umzimba kwizibilini zezilwanyana;
- ukusetyenziswa kweentengiso;
- ukupheliswa kweendawo zokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza kwezinyosi (ezi zinto apho amanzi aqokelela kwaye ahlahlela - iibhakethi, iifatyambo zeentyatyambo, njl.).
Ngexesha lokuqhuma komkhuhlane, amagunya asekuhlaleni kufuneka abambe amacandelo amakhulu amanzi kunye neenxa zonke
Ngenxa yengozi ekhethekileyo yentsholongwane yintsholongwane yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abacetyiswa ukuba bahambe kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ukongezelela, ezinye iindidi zabakhenkethi ababuya kwiindawo zokuvakatyelela ukuya kumazwe aneshushu, iimozulu eshushu, kuyimfuneko ukubeka esweni impilo yabo kwiiveki zokuqala emva kokubuya kwabo, ukwenzela ukuba kwiimpawu zokuqala zesifo kufuneka bafune ngokukhawuleza uncedo kwizifo ezigqirhayo.