Wonke umntu okhulisa imifuno ufuna ukufumana isivuno esiphezulu. Inkcubeko ethandwa kakhulu yintlobo yendalo yemifuno yilapho iifatata, ezikummandla omoya ococekileyo zibhekwa ngokufanelekileyo "isonka sesibini". Ngokuqhelekileyo ukulinganiswa kwezivuno zezambane kwi-hekta 1 akudluli iitoni ezi-15-20. Kodwa ezi zibonakaliso eziphantsi kakhulu! Enyanisweni, isivuno seengcambu zityalo singaba sikhulu. Masizame ukufumanisa: unokwandisa njani isivuno sezambane?
Izinto ezichaphazela isivuno sezambatho
Isivuno sePatato nganye kwihektare sihambelana ngqo neendlela ezininzi:
- umgangatho wezambatho zezityalo;
- ukulungiselela imbewu;
- ukuphunyezwa kobuchwephesha bokuthutha;
- ummandla wokulima kunye nezimo zemozulu;
- mgangatho womhlaba;
- ku nisela;
- ukuchumisa kwendawo yezityalo zamazambane;
- ukulawula izifo kunye nezinambuzane;
- ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokunyamekela inkcubeko.
Indlela yokwandisa isivuno sezambatho?
Isivuno esiphezulu sezambatho sinokubonelelwa ukuba inani lemiqathango idibeneyo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha iintlobo zeetayibhile, ezikhulile ngempumelelo kule ndawo. Kufuneka ikhokelwe yiRejista kaRhulumente yeZityalo eziHlanyelwe, kucetyiswa ukulima kwindawo ethile. Kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba nokuba yintlobo ephawulekayo xa iyalinywa kwisayithi enye iminyaka emininzi yanciphisa isivuno. Ngoko ke, yonke iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwimi-4, kufuneka uguqule izinto zokulima.
Ukukhula iitapile, ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zintsi kunye nesakhiwo esinika ukunyameka okufanelekileyo kunye nomoya wokuphelela, ikakhulukazi unxweme kunye ne-sandy loamy. Kodwa udongwe kunye nenhlabathi ye-solonchak ayifanelekanga ukulima kwezityalo. Ngaphambi kokutyala, kuyadingeka ukuba kuqhutywe ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ukwenzela ukuba izilwanyana zithole umswakama okwaneleyo kunye nomoya ngexesha lokutshala. Ukugqwesa, ukuba i-alfalfa kunye nezinye izityalo zefowuni, kwakunye nemigqabi, zibandakanyeka njengezibambiso (abandulela phambili).
Eyona nto ibhetele, ukuveliswa kwetatata zakuqala kunye nexesha elidlulileyo kuchaphazelekayo ngokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zokulima. Ingaba iingubo eziphezulu zokugqoka (umquba, umgquba ogqitywayo okanye ukuchithwa kweentaka) kunye nezichumisi zamaminerali, ngokuyinhloko izakhiwo ze-potassium-phosphorus. Kwiintlobo zakuqala zamazambane, ukuxhaswa nge-magnesium-containing containing fertilizers nayo iyimfuneko.
Izindlela zezobuchwepheshe zokunyusa izityalo zepatato
Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lobuchwephesha ekuhlaleni iifatata: ukusila, ukukhupha, ukulwa kunye nabahlaseli, kuyisibambiso sesityalo esihle.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezivumela ukwanda kwezityalo zepatato.
Indlela yeGülich
Umhlaba uhlukaniswe ngamaqendu ka-1x1 m. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, i-humus iyaziswa kwaye i-tuber enkulu ifakwa. Emva kokuvela kweentlobo phakathi kwehlathi elithulule umhlabathi, ukuze ihlumela likhule ngekona. Inkqubo iphinda iphindwe kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa isiqithi esinamaqela amaninzi. Ngokuthambisa okulungileyo, esinye isityalo sivelisa i-16 kg yezambatho.
Iibhatatesibini zityalwe kwiibhedi 0.5 m ububanzi kunye ne-1 m phakathi kwazo. Iibhedi zifakwe ngamagqabi ebumba ukugcina amanzi. Inkcubeko ihlaliswa rhoqo kwaye amaxesha ama-3 ngexesha londliwa, kodwa ayikho intaba. Le ndlela ivumela ukunciphisa indawo eyabelwe amazambane kunye nokwandisa isivuno kwiitoni ezingama-50-55 ukusuka kwi-hektare enye.
Teknoloji yaseDutch
Iteknoloji eyaziwayo eDatshi ikuvumela ukuba uqokelele ii-2 kg zezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela ehlathini. Ubunqwenelekayo kukuba iifatata zokutyala kufuneka zibe ne-3 - 5 cm ububanzi kwaye zilungiswe ngamalungiselelo akhethekileyo. Izilimo eziyi-tubers zityalwe kwi-crest 25 cm ephezulu, imiqolo phakathi kwemigqa ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-65 cm. Ixesha lixutywa ubuncinane amaxesha amathathu kwaye likhululiwe ngokutsha kwenhlabathi. Iiveki nesiqingatha ngaphambi kokuvuna okucwangcisiweyo kususwe zonke iiphakamileyo.
Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa isivuno sezambane kukuphelisa i-peduncles kwisigaba sokuqulunqa.