I-Melanin i-pigment ejongene nokukhanyisa ulusu, iinwele, amehlo omntu. Kwaye ukuphazamiseka ekuphuhliseni le pigment kungabangela isifo esibi kakhulu njenge-melanoma. I-Melanoma iyisisu esibi, kwi-90% ibonakaliswe kwingozi kwesikhumba. Kwi-10% yeziganeko ze-melanoma zingathintela amehlo, isisu, isisu nomgudu, kunye nezicubu ze-mucous.
Ngoku kutshanje, malunga nokudakalisa imeko yendalo, i-melanoma ibe yinto eqhelekileyo isifo, esiyithatha uninzi lwabantu ngonyaka. Iqela elijongene nobungozi balukhulile, kodwa i-melanoma yesikhumba inokwenzeka nanini na ubudala, ukusuka ebusheni.
Impawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ezilandelayo ze-skin melanoma
Njengomthetho, izigulane zigqithiseleyo zibhekisela kwiingcali, ngoko ke ukutshabalalisa kwesi sifo kuphezulu. Kodwa ekubeni iimpawu ze-melanoma yesikhumba zingabonwa ngeso iso, akunzima ukuxilonga isifo ngexesha. Masibone ukuba impawu kunye neempawu ze-melanoma kufuneka zihlawulwe ngethuba lokubona ugqirha.
Uphawu olubalulekileyo kukuba "ukuguga" kweavus (birthmark okanye birthmark). Ukuba ubona utshintsho ekubonakaleni, kufuneka uqhube uphando. Utshintsho lunokuba luhlobo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo:
- ukwandiswa kokuzalwa (uphawu lokuzalwa);
- utshintsho lwemida, ukubonakala kwimijikelezo ye-dentate;
- utshintshe umbala we-markmark yokuzalwa kumda wobumnyama (ngamanye amaxesha unokuba lubomvu okanye luhlaza);
- utshintsho kwisakhiwo se-mole (i-birthmark) - iqala ukuba yimanzi emanzi, ihlazo, ivuvule;
- Ukwandiswa kwee-lymph nodes ngokubhekiselele kwimiqondiso engentla apha.
Ukukhula kwesikhumba se-melanoma kwi-mole ihlala ihamba ngokulandela imeko elandelayo: i-mole, ngenxa yezizathu ezibonakalayo okanye emva kwexinzelelo, iqala ukwandisa ngobukhulu, ishintshe umbala kwaye ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, ibe yintlungu ekhulayo.
Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso ze-melanoma zona zichanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo:
- izinwele ekulahlekeni kwesikhumba se-nevus;
- ukukhangela isikhumba ngokubunjwa kwe "crusts";
- ukunyamalala kwesikhumba sombala phezu komhlaba;
- iziganeko ezihambelanayo (ama-satellites - ahlamba esikhumbeni, kufuphi nomgca wokugxila, ukugcina umbala wokuqala);
- elikhanyayo (elibukro) lomphezulu we-mole.
Iimpawu ze-melanoma ye-subungual okanye i-melanoma yesikhonkwane
Umhlaza wesiqwenga somlenze u malunga ne-3% yenani lezinto ezifunyenweyo. Iimpawu ze-neil melanoma zilandelayo:
- Ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo sikhula kwisithupha;
- isikhonkwane simnyama (okanye iqela elimnyama elibonakalayo libonakala);
- kukho ukuvuvukala komnwe;
- kunye nokuhamba kwexesha, isikhonkwane siqhekekile kwaye i-syphilis okanye i-pus iyodwa;
- Njengoko i-melanoma ikhula, ithola umbala obomvu obomvu obomvu okanye obomvu.
Iimpawu ze-melanoma yeso
I-Melanoma yelihlo yintsholongwane ejwayelekile. Ekuqaleni, akukho mpawu ebonakalayo. Kodwa ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso ziyakusasaza:
- ukubonakala kwe-photopsy - umbala okhanyayo, iintsha, amachaphaza;
- ukuwohloka kombono ;
- ukubonakala kwe-metamorphosis - ukuphazamiseka kwengcamango yobungakanani, ubungakanani, umgama kumbono wendawo;
- ukubonakala kwe "ndawo engenamfama" emehlweni;
- mhlawumbi utshintshe i-pigmentation ye-iris;
- ukwenziwa kwe-retina;
- ukuvuvukala kweso.
Ezinye zeempawu ziyakubonakala ngaphambi kokuba i-tumor iqulunqwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye inokwenzeka ukuba ixilongo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuxhamla, inokwenzeka kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo:
- glaucoma yesibini;
- ukugaya kweso;
- i-detectment ye-retina.