KwiRoma yasendulo, ezi ntyatyambo zahlobisa izitiya ze patrician, namhlanje zifuna ukukhula kwazo ngakumbi. Inqaku lethu liya kukuxelela ngemibala ebizwa ngokuba yi-gladioli, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulelekileyo ngaphaya kwayo akukho nto inzima.
I-gladiolus ibonakala njani?
Iintyatyambo zeGladiolus zihlala zityalo ezinobomi be-iris. Amaqabunga awo amancinci amancinci afana neenkemba ezikhaliweyo, ngoko unelinye igama-ikrele. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe kwiimpawu ezinqamlekileyo, apho iiflorescences zezimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukeneyo zikhula. Kwi-inflorescence enye kunokufikelela kuma-buds angama-25, kodwa kunye ne-10-12 iintyatyambo zibonakalisiwe.
Emva kokuba i-gladiolus iphela, kwindawo ye-buds iziqhamo-bhokisi kunye nembewu zenziwa. Ngaphantsi komhlaba, isityalo sine-corm. Unyaka wonke uhlaziywa. I-bulb yokubeletha inika zonke izondlo ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kwesityalo. Kancinci, i-corms entsha iyakhiwa kwaye ikhule phezu kwayo, apho iindawo ezincinci ezinamabhontshisi anyanisi zenziwe. Ziza kuba zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokutyala ukuvelisa i-gladiolus, ukutyala okufanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo emva koko uza kuzisa izithelo ezibonakalayo.
Iindidi ze gladioli
Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga i-gladioli, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile emva koko kulula, ngoko kufuneka ukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lweentyatyambo. Kukho iintlobo ezingama-170 zezi zityalo ezihle kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-gladiolus ezidibanisa ngamaqela amabini:
- ukuhlobisa , apho ubude be-inflorescence bubalulekile, inani le-buds, ubungakanani, umbala kunye neenkcazo zeentyatyambo;
- kwezoqoqosho - iinjongo zokuba ziphakame kwisityalo, ixesha lokubhakabhaka, uvelwano kwizithuthi kunye neemeko zemozulu, izinga lokuzalisa.
Ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu beentyantyambo zezimbali, yonke i-gladioli yahlula phakathi:
- encinane;
- ezincinci-zinyuka;
- i-wavi ephakathi;
- ezinkulu;
- enkulu.
Amaphethelo eepalali kwiintyatyambo zihamba kakuhle kwaye zonakaliswe, zinyanzeliswe kwaye zifakwe. Umbala we-gladiolus unokuba yinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha udibanisa ngokugqithisileyo ukungafani okugqithisileyo kunye nokutshintsha okufutshane kweempawu. Umbala wombala we-buds uhlukile, ukusuka kwimbala eqaqambileyo eya kwiimithunzi eziluhlaza. Ezi zityalo zingabomnye omnye kunye nodidi oluphindwe kabini, kwaye zibuye zigzag. Kuxhomekeke kwindlela iifuno zeentyatyambo ezihlelwe ngayo kwi-inflorescence. Kwaye, ngokuxhomekeka kubude be sityalo, kukho ubuncinci, abakhulileyo, abaphakathi kunye nabade kakhulu.
Xa kuphuma i-gladioluses?
Abafowuni bahlula iintlobo ezisixhenxe ze-gladioli, apho amaxesha ahlukeneyo eentyantyambo:
- kakhulu kakhulu;
- kusasa;
- phakathi kwekota;
- umyinge;
- phakathi kwexesha;
- kwexesha;
- kakhulu kakhulu.
Ama-gladiolus asekuqaleni ahluma phakathi kwe-Julayi, ephakathi-Agasti, kwaye ngo-Septemba. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhawuleka kwe-gladioli enhle kukuchaphazela imozulu kunye nemozulu yendawo. Kwintwasahlobo yokubanda okanye xa kungenakwanela ukuthambisa, ukuphuhlisa izityalo kunokunciphisa okanye kume. Ukuba ufuna ukuba izityalo zakho ezizithandayo ziqhumke ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-frontside kunye nokunyamekela ngaphandle kufuneka ibe ngokwaneleyo kwiimeko zezulu zommandla.
Ukutshala i-gladiolus
Ukuze iintyatyambo zikholise umboniso wazo omhle, kufuneka umntu azi ukutshala i-gladioli. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo yokuhamba kwawo. Kufuneka kube yindawo enelanga, efanelekileyo. Umhlaba wale ntyatyambo kufuneka ube yi-chernozem, i-loam elula kunye ne-sandy loam. Isalathisi kufuneka sitshathwe ngokufaka i- nitrogen fertilizer , umzekelo, urea ngezinga le-15 g nge-1 sq.m. Siyibumba umhlaba kwi-bayonet ye-spade kwaye susa yonke ukhula. Gladiolus, ukufika kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo, ongayi kuthatha ixesha elide, akuyi kuba nzima.
Indlela yokulungiselela i-gladioli yokutyala entwasahlobo?
Ngaphambi kokutshala iibhola ze gladioli kufuneka ukuba zihlambuluke ukusuka kwisikali. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukubona izibonakaliso zezifo kwizinto zokutyala kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okufika ngexesha lokungakhutshwa komzimba. Kubaqalayo kuya kuba lunomdla ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi indlela yokuqwalasela i-gladioli ngaphambi kokutyala. Unokusebenzisa iikhemikhali kule nto, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunyuka kwegalikhi. Ukupheka, kufuneka uqhube ama-gramu ayi-300 egarliki kwisigunci somzimba uze uthule i-10 litres zamanzi. Ama-bulbs kunye neentsana zibhaptizwa kwisisombululo esinjalo kwiiyure ezingama-2. Ukuze ungakhuselekanga, unokusebenzisa isisombululo se- potassium permanganate .
Nini ukutshala i-gladioluses?
Isimo sezulu seSwitzerland asizinzile kwaye sisinyanisekile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukwazi xa ungatshala i-gladioli kwindawo evulekile, kuyafaneleka ukuphulaphula iingcebiso zeengcali. Abafowuni bacebisa ukuba baqhelane neqondo lokushisa lomhlaba xa betyala i-gladioli. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokulima liza kufika xa umhlaba ubunzulu be-10-12 cm uhlahlela ukuya kwi-10 ° C.
Indlela yokutshala kakuhle i-gladiolus?
Ukuze ufumane ubunzulu be-gladiolus kufuneka ityalwe, umntu makayithobele ingcebiso yabantu abanolwazi. Ukutshala i-gladiolus kwisayithi yenza ibhedi kunye nemisango yobunzulu obuhlukeneyo: i-15 cm - iibrabhu ezinkulu, i-9 cm - phakathi kunye, nangaphezulu-kubantwana. Ngaphantsi komsele, isanti esincinci ithululelwa, i-intlanzi yokutshala ibonakaliswe kwaye umhlaba ufafazwe ngo-2-3 cm. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutshala okunzulu kwe-corms kuya kukhokelela ekupheleni kwe-gladiolus. Yaye ukuba ihlobo lipholile, ukuhluma okunjalo kuya kufutshane nokutheleleka kwe-fungal kunye ne-bacterial.
Unokunyamekela njani i-gladioli?
Ukutshala i-gladioli kunye nokunyamekela kufuneka kuqiniseke kakhulu. Xa amaqabunga ekhula, umhlaba ujikeleze izityalo kuya kufuneka ugqitywe ngama-humus ukuya kuma-5 cm. Ukufundwa kweepeduncles kunye neifom, ukuba kunyanzelekile, kufuneka ziboshwe kwiigwegwe, kunye neentyantyambo ezomileyo kufuneka zisuswe rhoqo. Njengoko ukhula luphazamisa ukukhula kunye neentyantyambo ze-gladioli, izityalo kufuneka zihlanjwe ukhula ngama-3-4 ngamaxesha ehlobo. Iintyatyambo ezimnandi i-gladioli, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo emva kwazo ziya kuguqula umyezo wakho ube yi-oasis yangempela.
Ukunyamekela i-gladioli - yokunisela
Ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwe-gladiolus akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthambisa rhoqo ubuncinane kanye ngeveki. Kwiintsuku ezishushu kakhulu, oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwansuku zonke. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunkcenkceshela kwezityalo kusasa kusasa okanye kusihlwa. Ukunisela kufuneka kube luninzi-ibhakethi 1 yamanzi kwi-1 sq. Km. M. Kuphela ngolo hlobo lwamanzi, umhlaba uya kuhlanjululwa kwi-30-40 cm efunekayo. Amanzi angcono kumgca wokulandelana, ezama ukungafumani amanzi kumagqabi ezityalo. Emva koko, umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke. Ukuba ufuna ukunqanda ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukhululeke, gubungela umhlaba phantsi kwezityalo kunye ne-compost okanye i-humus.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-gladiolus
Ukukhula kwe-gladioli kwindawo evulekile kufuneka kuhambisane nokutya kwabo. Ngethuba lonke ixesha lezityalo ze-gladioli linokudliwa kathathu:
- Ekuqaleni kokukhula, iintyatyambo zidinga i-nitrogen. Ngenxa yokungabi naso, amaqabunga aya kuba mhlophe, kwaye izimbali ziyabuthathaka. I-fertilizer yokuqala kunye ne-urrea kufuneka yenziwe kwiphepha 2-3 lamaphephancwadi. Ukutshintshwa kwesi si chumisi kungaba kukunyuka kwe-mullein, umquba wenkukhu okanye isichumiso esiluhlaza.
- Isichumiso sesibini ngesichumiso se- nitrogen-potassium senziwa kwisigaba samaqabunga ama-3-4.
- Ukutya kwesithathu kumaqabunga ama-5-6, i-potassium sulfate isetyenzisiweyo, ephucula imetabolism, ikhulisa ukuchasana nezifo nokuxhatshazwa kwezityalo.
- Okwesine, i- gladioli yondliwa ngexesha lokukhula kwe-peduncle, isebenzisa le nitrophosphate, kemira, nitroamophoska. Ukuze iintyatyambo ze-gladiolus zibe zikhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba amanzi amanzi phantsi kwesityalo kunye nesisombululo se-boric acid.
- Isihlanu , isambatho sokugqibela esiphezulu, senziwa emva kweentyantyambo. Isebenzisa i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate. NgoSeptemba, ungakwazi ukuhambisa amanzi nge-gladioli ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Kuya kuba yi-potassium isichumiso, kwaye i-disinfection.
Izifo ze gladioli
Le ntyatyambo ebalulekileyo, njengezinye izityalo, iyakwazi izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kukho izifo ezifana ne-gladioli njenge:
- i-mushroom - eyona yingozi kunazo zonke i-fusariosis, omnyama omnyama kunye nokubola kwegrey. Izityalo ezichaphazelekayo zikhula kakubi, amaqabunga alo aphihliweyo, aphendule kwaye amile. Kwi-anyanisi, ukuvumba amabala obomvu obomvu kusekwa;
- I-bacterial yi-scallop ye gladioli. Ngaloo nto, iziqwenga zeqabunga ziyabuna. Emva koko bayomile. Isitshixo kwisiseko sokubola kwaye siphula. Ama-Corms ahlanganiswe ngamabala amnyama kunye obomvu;
- Umongo we-cucumber, umzobo onobumba obomvu, i-ring spot of tomato. Ezi zintsholongwane, ezidlulayo kwizityalo ezihambelana nazo, zimangalise i gladioli, zibavimbele ekuphuhliseni nasekuhlumeni.
Izilwanyana ze gladioli
Njengezinye izityalo, i-gladiolus engadini ingahlaselwa ziintlobo ezinambuzane:
- i-thrips-inkxalabo ephezulu yalezi ntyatyambo, isondeza ijusi ukusuka kwiziqu kunye namaqabunga esi sityalo. Amanyathelo okulawula afaka ukutshiza nge-Phytoverm, decis, ukuvuna kwangaphambili kwama-bulb, ukuwagcina kwiqondo lokushisa elingadluli + 8 ° С;
- i-wireman ithintela inxalenye engaphansi komhlaba ye-gladiolus kwaye iyithwala yesifo se-bacterial and virus. Ukuyilwa, ukuhlaselwa kweengcambu zezityalo, ukunyusa ihlobo ehlobo kunye nokulawulwa rhoqo kwokhula kusetyenziswa;
- I-aphids - enye yezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo ezondla ijusi yesityalo. Ukutshabalalisa i-aphid, izityalo ziphathwa ngeekhemikhali okanye izigulane zabantu;
- I-garden scoop nayo ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-gladioli, eyonakalisa iziqhamo ezingabonakaliyo kunye neentyantyambo zesityalo. Ngokuchasene ne-scoop, izityalo zinokuphathwa nge-infusion yegalikhi kunye nesepha yokuhlamba.