Inkqubo yokupheliswa kwenkqubo yokuzala kwintombi ingathatha iminyaka emininzi. Iimpawu zokuqala zalo mcimbi ziyakubonwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokupheliswa kwesisu. Ubungakanani bempawu kunye nokubonakaliswa kwenkqubo kubizwa ngokuba yi-climacteric syndrome.
I-Climacteric syndrome - yintoni na?
I-Climacteric syndrome - idibaniso yeempawu, iimpawu kunye nembonakaliso, ebonisa ukuphela kokuphela kwenkqubo yokuzala. Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivela ngexesha le- foremenopausal kwaye kwezinye iimeko zihlala zingabesetyhini abasemva . Ubunzima beli syndrome lunexesha elide - linokuhlala kwiinyanga eziliqela ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu (30% yabasetyhini).
Ngesiqingatha sezigulane, iimpawu zokunqamuka kwesikhashana zibonakalisa ngokwabo. Xa i-climacteric syndrome kubasetyhini, iimpawu zibonakaliswe kwiziqwenga kwixesha eli-5-10 leminyaka. Ngokutsho kokugqithwa kwezokwelapha kunye nezikhalazo zabasetyhini ezibhenelayo, ukubonakaliswa kwesifo se-climacteric sichazwa ngakumbi kunyaka owedlule ukuphela komsebenzi, kwaye ukunyuka kwabo kunye nokuphindaphinda kwexesha kuya kwehla. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo akukhona.
I-Climacteric syndrome - i-pathogenesis
Ukuze uqonde indlela i-climacteric syndrome ebonakalisa ngayo, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ingqwalasela ephambili. Isizathu sokubonakala kweempawu ezibonisa ukuqala kokuphuma kwimizi yintshintsho kwimvelaphi ye-hormonal. Kubasetyhini, kuncipha kwi-hormone yesini - isrogens. Ezi zinto azilawuli kuphela umsebenzi weprogram yokuzala, kodwa zichaphazela ezinye iimbutho. Ukungabikho kwabo kubonakaliswa kumsebenzi we-cardiovascular system kunye ne-nervous system (ukuphulwa kwala malungu kugxininiswe ngexesha lokusuka kwesikhashana).
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba utshintsho lwalo hlobo luphawu kubo bonke abafazi abakhulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokubonakala kwazo, iqondo lokuthetha lingahluka. Kwezinye iimeko, i-psymacteric syndrome isifo se-pathological symmeric can be observed, xa izibonakaliso zitsho ngokucacileyo ukuba zitshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yokuphila. Ukuchithwa kokuncipha komzimba kwenkqubo yokuzala, ngokwezigulane zezilwanyana, kunokufaka isandla kwizinto ezilandelayo:
- ukwenza umsebenzi oqhelekileyo, izimo zokusebenza zokusebenza;
- iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kweenkqubo ze-endocrine kunye neentloko;
- iingxaki kwi-puerperium nakwixesha lokukhulelwa;
- iinkqubo ezivuthayo kwizitho zeplavic;
- nokukhululeka.
I-syndrome ye-menopausal ibonakala njani kubasetyhini?
Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-climacteric syndrome zivela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphela kokuya esikhathini okanye ngexesha lonyaka ngokunyuka kwesisu. Amaxesha amaninzi oogqirha alungisa i-wavy course, xa iimpawu eziphambili, zinyamalala ngexesha elithile, ziphinde zivele. Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-climacteric syndrome yintlupheko ye-neuropsychic ebonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous central. Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibonakalayo, oogqirha bayabiza:
- utshintsho-endocrine;
- izifo ezibangelwa yi-neurovegetative disorders.
Ukubonakalisa i-Psychoneurotic ye-climacteric syndrome
Eli qela leempawu libhekisela ekubonakalweni kokumelana nokuphuphuma komzimba okubangelwa yintlupheko yenkqubo ye-nervous central. Impawu zokuqala zalolu hlobo lwabasetyhini ziqala ukuphawula emva kokupheliswa kwesithandathu sokuya esikhathini. Ukuxilongwa kwama-hormone egazini kunciphisa, kwaye oku kubangela ukuguquka kwemizwa rhoqo, ukuphuhliswa kokulala. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Psycho-neurotic ye-climacteric syndrome kubandakanya:
- kulala;
- ingxaki yokukhumbula;
- ukucaphuka;
- ukulila;
- ukungabi nako;
- ukubonakala kwimoyiko;
- uxhalaba;
- ukhathala okwandisiweyo;
- kunciphisa umnqweno wesini.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-vasovegative ye-climacteric syndrome
Ukubonakaliswa kwemifuno ye-climacteric syndrome kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesimo senhliziyo. Ukutshintsha rhoqo kwixinzelelo legazi, ukunyuka komsebenzi wokuzikhukhumeza, ukuphulwa kwentliziyo yomsindo kubangele ukubonakala kweempawu. Ezi zi:
- ukutshisa okufudumeleyo - ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kokushisa, kuhamba kunye nokukhishwa kwesikhumba ebusweni;
- ukuphosa;
- tachycardia ;
- ukukhupha;
- ukungcola;
- ukuvakalelwa kwezandla;
- intloko;
- utshintsho oluphazamisayo kwixinzelelo legazi.
I-Climacteric syndrome - ubunzima
Ngokwenza oko, oogqirha basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile. Umlobi walo nguVP Vikhlyaeva. Isiseko kukuba isahlulo se-climacteric syndrome sibe ngamazinga ahlukeneyo obunzima, kuxhomekeke kwixesha elibonakalayo lokubonakala kwamatye:
- Idireji ye-1 (ifom elula) - xa inani lamatye ngosuku lingadluli i-episodes ezili-10 (livela kwi-47% yezigulane).
- I-2 degree (ukulinganisela okulinganayo) - inani leepisipoti zentsholongwane ngokukhawuleza yokushisa, ama-marine 10-20 episodes ngosuku (35% yabasetyhini).
- Iqondo eli-3, okanye njengoko kuthiwa, i-climacteric syndrome enamandla kakhulu - ukutshisa okutshisayo kuphawulwe ngaphezu kwama-20 ngamaxesha. Iimeko jikelele zezempilo zibuhlungu, maxa wambi umfazi akanakho ukukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila kwaye uyanyanzeliswa ukuba athathe unyango esibhedlele.
I-Climacteric syndrome - ukuxilongwa
Qinisekisa i-climacteric syndrome kwabasetyhini kuphela kuphela ngeemvavanyo zokuxilonga, ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu azanele. Ngokubanzi, ukuxilongwa kwephulo-mthetho akubangele ubunzima. Iquka:
- Ukunika ingxelo ngokukhawuleza okanye ukungabikho kweso parameter yomjikelezo wesini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwi-hormone yesondo.
- Ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo yokuzala, enokuba neempawu ezifanayo kunye nalabo bachazwe ngasentla.
- Ukubonisana nomgqirha, oculist (ukuhlolwa kwimeko ye-fundus), i-endocrinologist.
I-Climacteric syndrome - unyango
Unyango lwe-climacteric syndrome kufuneka lwenziwe ngendlela enzima. Iskimu sonyango luphuhliswa ngugqirha ngabanye, ngokuqwalasela ubudala, isigxina sobunzima, isimo se-hormonal. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango luqala ngumbutho wendlela yokuphila enempilo - ukulahlwa kwemikhwa emibi, ukwenziwa komsebenzi okwenyukayo. Ixesha elifutshane eliqhelekileyo lusetyenziso lwemizuzu emihlanu luza kunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesifo se-climacteric syndrome, kodwa kwakhona kuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system.
I-Climacteric syndrome - iingcebiso zeklinikhi
Ukuba umfazi unesifo se-climacteric syndrome, oogqirha banikela iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokujongana nayo emva kokufunda ngokupheleleyo kwe-anamnesis yesigulane, ukuqokelela yonke idatha. Akukho ndlela yendalo yonke inokusombulula iingxaki zempilo ezikhoyo, ukunciphisa inani leemitha zamatye. Icandelo ngalinye liyingqayizivele, ngoko ke isicwangciso socwangciso sonyango luphuhliswa ngugqirha ngabanye, ngokuqwalasela iziphumo zophando kunye nokuhlalutya. Ngokubanzi, unyango lwe-climacteric syndrome lungabandakanya:
- i-hormone yonyango yokutshintshwa;
- unyango kunye nemifuno;
- ukusetyenziswa kwezidalwa;
- ukunamathela kwisondlo esikhethekileyo.
I-Climacteric syndrome - unyango, iziyobisi
Unyango lwe-menopausal syndrome kwabasetyhini lwenziwa phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo loogqirha. Isiseko sonyango lonyango sisisifo se-hormonal. Isisombululo, ulawulo lobuninzi kunye nobude bonyango lubekwe ngabanye. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezibekwe ukuphula umthetho, njenge-climacteric syndrome, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
- U-Estrogens (oqeshwe xa kungenayo imveliso enganeleyo ngesisu): Femoston, Divina.
- I-Gestagens (isetyenziselwa ukulungisa izifo zenkqubo yokuzala ekuhambeni kwexesha lokuphuma kwesisu): i-Norkolut, i-Prozhestan, i-Utrozhestan.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhulelwa komlomo : I-Logest, i-Novinet.
Ukuthintela i-climacteric syndrome
Izindlela zanamhlanje zokuthintela i-menopausal syndrome zibonisa ukuhlaziywa okupheleleyo kwendlela yokuphila kunye nokutya. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zabonisa ukuba ukutya ukutya kunye nezitya zokutya, umfazi angakwazi ukuzalisa ngokungahambi kakuhle kwe-hormone yesini, ukunciphisa imbonakalo ehamba ne-climacteric syndrome. Imfuneko ekudleni kwabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 kufuneka ibe khona:
- imbotyi;
- garnet;
- imihla;
- iklabishi;
- imbewu yefeksi;
- iikaroti;
- cherry.
Nangona kunjalo, ukutya okusemgangathweni akunakukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki.
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-climacteric syndrome, oogqirha bacebisa:
- Ukujonga ubunzima bomzimba.
- Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
- Ukugqithisa okanye kwenzeke ngexesha elifanelekileyo unyango oluchongiweyo.
- Ukuphatha izifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Zisoloko zifumana iimviwo zokukhusela kwi-gynecologist (ubuncinane amaxesha amabini ngonyaka).