Amalungelo omntwana onke malunga namalungelo abantwana

Kunzima kubahlali bekhulu leminyaka lama-21 ukukholelwa ukuba inkulungwane edlulileyo kwakungekho ncwadana yokulungisa amalungelo omntwana. Abantwana nabaselula babe ngabantwana babo kuphela kwaye banquma kuphela ukuba ubomi babo buya kuvela phi: apho bahlala khona, nokuba bangabafumana imfundo kwaye xa baqala ukusebenza.

Amalungelo abantwana Abancinci

Kungakhathaliseki ukungavuthwa (kwengqondo nangokwenyama), omncinci akafani kakhulu kumntu omdala ngokumalunga namalungelo atholakalayo: kufuneka abe negama lokuqala neyokugqibela, fumana imfundo, unyango kunye nokunakekelwa. Amalungelo obaluleke kakhulu kumntwana amnika ithuba lokukhula nomntu onobumbano, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imeko yentlalo kunye nezemali zabazali, uhlanga kunye nendawo yokuhlala kuyo.

Amalungelo oluntu lomntwana

Amalungelo omntwana-ummi-ummi aqala isenzo sabo kwisibini sokuqala yobomi. Ngokuqala ukucwina umntwana uba ngummi waseburhulumenteni, kwaye kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yale njongo inyaniso yokuzalwa kwintsimi yayo inelungelo, kwaye kwezinye kubalulekile ukuba ubemi bube ngumnye wabazali. Ngoko, liphi amalungelo ommi osandul 'ukwenziwa:

1. E gameni. Ngelo xesha, xa umntwana eselula efika ebusheni, uncinci unikezwa ithuba lokutshintsha igama (ifani) ngokwengqiqo yakhe, enoba uneminyaka eyi-14 ifunyanwa ngabazali bakhe (abameli).
2. Ubomi, ingqibelelo kunye nenkululeko. Akukho mntu (kuquka nabazali) unelungelo lokubangela ingozi kumntwana, ukuqhuba unyango olungekho mthethweni kunye naye, ukumnciphisa inkululeko yakhe, njl njl.
3. Ngokubonakalisa ukungabonakali kwembono yakhe, oku kuthathwa ingqalelo ngokubhekiselele kwiminyaka yobudala. Imvume kuye naziphi na utshintsho ebomini (ukwamukelwa, utshintsho lwegama, ukuhlala kunye nonina okanye utata) kuqala ukucela emva kweminyaka eyi-10. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-14 umntwana osemtsha unethuba lokuzimela ngokuzimela enkundleni kunye nemibutho yamalungelo abantu.
4. Inkululeko yokukhetha inkolo.
5. Ukunyamekela nokugcinwa. Ukuba umncinci unyanzelekile ukuba aphile ngaphandle kwentsapho, kufuneka agcinwe okanye i-agent agents.
6. Ukunyamekela nokubonelela ngezidingo.
7. Kwizemfundo nokutyelela kumaziko ahlukeneyo.
8. Ukukhuselwa kwindlobongela nokubandakanyeka kwamukelwa kweziyobisi.

Amalungelo ezopolitiko yomntwana

Kuya kuba yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba ngenxa yobudala bendoda, amalungelo omgaqo-nkqubo awunyanzelwanga kubantwana. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Umntwana ngamnye unelungelo lokuba ngabantwana abahlukahlukeneyo (ukususela kwiminyaka eli-8 ubudala) kunye nolutsha (ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-14) imibutho kawonkewonke, igxile kumbutho wokuzilibazisa, ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono okudala kunye nezemidlalo. Urhulumente (kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo) kufuneka ukuba yonke indlela ikhuthaze imisebenzi yaloo mibutho, iququzelele iikhankaso zentengiso, zinike ikhefu zentela kunye nezibonelelo zikamasipala zokusetyenziswa, ukukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kwabaxhasi kunye nabasebenzi ukuba baphucule isiseko sezinto eziphathekayo.

Amalungelo oQoqosho eMntwaneni

Kungakhathaliseki indawo yokuzalwa, ubuzwe kunye nombala womntwana, umntwana unelungelo lokukhuselwa kwi-overwork - ubuncinane ubuncinane bokungena emsebenzini, iimfuno ezizodwa zomsebenzi kunye nentlawulo zichaneke ngokusetyenziswa kwezomthetho. Ukongezelela, abemi abangaphantsi kweminyaka banelungelo lokukhuselwa kwintlalo, oko kukuthi, banelungelo lokufumana inzuzo, ukulungiswa, njl njl. Kananjalo banethuba elifanelekileyo lokuwenza iintengiso ezincinci zendlu. Abaselula (abaneminyaka eli-14) bafumana ithuba lokusebenzisa ngokusemthethweni iimali zabo: izipho, i-scholarships.

Amalungelo oluntu womntu

Umsebenzi owona mkhulu wabantu kukudala iimeko apho abantwana bangakhula bephilile baze baphuhlise ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwemigaqo echazwe yimithetho, abazali okanye abameli bezomthetho kufuneka baqonde ilungelo lomntwana kwimfundo, oko kukuthi, ukunika inkulisa, isikolo okanye ukulungiselela isikolo esikolweni esifanelekile kubo. Ukongeza kweso sikolo kunye nomyezo, unokuziqhelanisa kwiisondo kunye namacandelo, ukuya kwizemidlalo, ezikolweni nakumculo. Ngelo xesha, ukuphathwa kweendawo eziphambili zokufunda akukwazi ukukhusela imfundo eminye.

Amalungelo omntwana kwintsapho

Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bentsana ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubazali okanye abo bantu abayitshintsha. Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zamalungelo omntwana kwintsapho:

1. Umntu ongeyena propati:

• ulwazi malunga nabazali-ilungelo lomntwana lokuzibandakanya nabazali begazi lubaluleke kakhulu xa kuthengwa okanye ukuthathwa kwamalungelo okugqibela kwabazali;
• zokunxibelelana kunye nokungaxinanisi ukuthetha kunye nezihlobo - ngaphandle kwezizathu ezibalulekileyo ezichazwe kwimithetho, akukho mntu unokuthabatha inkaba kubazali bakhe okanye ababenqande ukuba baxoxe nabo, omnye umyalelo usebenza kwezinye izihlobo;
• ukufumana unonophelo kubazali bobabini - bobabini kunye nonina banyanzelekile ukuba bafundise umntwana wabo baze bamnikeze nophuhliso olubanzi.

Amalungelo omntwana kuluntu

Ukususela kwiminyaka ethile, umntwana uba ngumhlanganyeli ogcweleyo ebomini bobomi - uya enkulisa, aze aye esikolweni. Kwaye ukuba kungekudala, nayiphi na into eyenziwa ootitshala okanye ootitshala ababhekwa njengengxenye yendlela yokufundisa, ngoku kukho ukukhusela ilungelo lomntwana ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo kuluntu:

1. Amalungelo omntwana enkulisa:

• ukhuseleko, ukungahambi kakuhle kunye nentlonipho ngabanye - ootitshala abanalo ilungelo lokumemeza umntwana, bamfundise ngamandla, ukunyanzelisa okanye ukuthuka nantoni na.
• ekuphuhlisweni kwamakhono - ootitshala kufuneka baqhube iiklasi ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho, ubuchule bokudala nobuchule.
• unyango lwezonyango - ukuba kuyimfuneko, umntwana okhulayo kufuneka athole unyango.

• ukuqeqeshwa kwizicwangciso eziqhelekileyo okanye ezizimeleyo;
• ngokusebenzisa ilayibrari kunye negumbi lokudlela;
• Izimo zokuqeqeshwa ezikhuselekileyo nezikhuselekileyo - isakhiwo sesikolo kufuneka sihambisane nemimiselo yococeko kwaye singabi nengozi kwimpilo;
• ukuya kwiiklasi ezongezelelweyo (zombini zihlawulwe kwaye zikhululekile);
• ukuncedwa kwengcali yengqondo kunye notitshala;
• uncedo lwezonyango.

• inkululeko yokuhamba;
• ukhuseleko;
• ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokudlala zabantwana, amapaki, njl.

Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu

Kuze kube neminyaka elishumi elinesine, abantu abanokwenyama nangokwenyama bakwazi ukukhusela iminqweno yabo. Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo kwabantwana kufakwe kumahlombe kwabazali (abagcini), abenza izicelo ezifanelekileyo enkundleni kunye neofisi yomtshutshisi. Kwiimeko apho abancinci badinga ukukhuselwa kubazali babo (ukubetha, ukuphathwa kakubi, ubundlobongela okanye ukungagqibekanga koxanduva lwabazali), yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngamagcisa kunye nabaphathi be-trusteeship.

Amadokhumenti ngamalungelo omntwana

Umba wokukhusela abantwana kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobundlobongela kwakunzima kakhulu ngo-1924. Emva koko i-Declaration of the rights of the child was created, eyayiba sisiseko seNdibano yezizwe ngezizwe, yasayinwa ngo-1989. Kutheni umbandela wamalungelo omntwana epapashwa ngumbhalo ohlukile? Impendulo iyabonakala. Ngenxa yokuba unobuthakathaka kunabantu abadala, akanakuzikhusela kwaye ngowokuqala ukutshatyalaliswa xa kwenzeka imikhosi yempi kunye neengxaki zezoqoqosho.

Imibutho kawonkewonke yokukhusela amalungelo abantwana

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imimiselo nemihlathi yeSigqeba malunga namalungelo omntwana awahlali emigqeni yamaphepha, ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenziwa kuwo onke amazwe asayine. Yiyiphi inhlangano ekhusela amalungelo abantwana? Umthwalo oqaqambileyo uwela kuMkomishinala wokuKhuselwa kwamaLungelo omntwana okanye i-Ombudsman. Ukongezelela, kukho imibutho kawonkewonke encedisa ulutsha olunzima, abantwana abashiyiweyo kunye noomama abangatshatanga.