Isifo se-neurodegenerative, esichazwe kuqala kwaye sifunde ngokucacileyo ngumbono wengqondo waseJamani A. I-Alzheimer ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uhlobo olufanayo lwesifo sengqondo (isifo sengqondo se-dementia), esichengeni kwisicatshulwa sabantu esisemdala. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, isifo se-Alzheimer sifumaneka kubantu abatsha.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - izizathu ze
Uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer oludityanisiweyo lwe-Alzheimer, njengoko lubizwa ngokuba yi-pathology ephantsi kwengqalelo, lukhula ngokweendlela ezingakacaciswa. Inkolelo ethembekileyo yentsholongwane yesi sifo, ngokweengcali ezininzi, i-hypothesis ye-amyloid. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imbangela ye-Alzheimer yesifo se-Alzheimer idibene nokufakwa kwiingcambu zengqondo ze-beta-amyloid-isiphako seprotheni eyenza imisebenzi yokukhusela nemisebenzi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, ama-plaque angenayo kunye neengxube ze-neurofibrillary zenziwe, ezivusa ukufa kwezakhiwo zobuchopho.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esiningi, ekuphuhlisweni kweempazamo zofuzo ezingabandakanywa. Uphando olutsha luye lwaveza iintlobo zengqungquthela zentsholongwane ezintathu, eziphambukayo ezikwazi ukukhupha isifo. Ukongezelela, kukho iinkalo ezininzi ezingenza umehluko ekuqalweni kweenkqubo zentsholongwane. Ezi ziquka:
- ukulimala kancincierrebral ;
- ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwengqondo;
- msebenzi ophantsi;
- uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu;
- utshintsho lwe-atherosclerotic kwimithambo yegazi ;
- ukusilela oksijini;
- ukungabi nokuhamba;
- u bunzima;
- ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweswekile;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
- ukutshaya.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - iimpawu kunye neempawu
Esi sifo siphuthuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo ixesha ubuninzi kunye nenani lembonakalo yalo landa. Iimpawu zokuqala zivame ukubonakala kwimibonakalo yexesha eliqhelekileyo, imiphumo yokuxinezeleka, ukukhathala, ngoko ke kwiimeko ezininzi zihoywa. Ngaphezulu, iimpawu zesifo se-Alzheimer ziyacaca ngakumbi, ziphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla, kungekhona kuphela izigulane ngokwazo, kodwa nakwabathandekayo abasondelene nabo.
Isifo se-Alzheimer's age
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's disease zidla ngokubonakalayo ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nangona iziphazamiso zokuqala eziphazamisayo kwizakhiwo zengqondo zivela kwiminyaka eyi-10-15 ngaphambili. Kungekudala bekukho ukuthambekela 'kokuvuselela' kwentsholongwane, efunyaniswa kubantu abaneminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Ngaphambi kobunzima be-genetic, isifo se-Alzheimer singahlakulela kwiminyaka engaphambili, esichazwe ngumfanekiso ofanayo weklinikhi.
Izigaba zeSifo se-Alzheimer
I-Alzheimer's mental dementia, iimpawu zeenkqubela phambili kunye nexesha, zihlulwa ngokuhambelana nokukhathazeka kwezigaba ezine. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi:
1. Isigaba sokuqala si-pre-condition, esichazwe kule miboniso elandelayo:
- ingxaki yememori ehambelana nememori embi yezinto eziza kutshanje kunye nolwazi olutsha ngokulondoloza imemori yesikhathi eside;
- ukuphulwa kwememori ye-semantic (ngentsingiselo yamagama, ubudlelwane babo, njl);
- kugxila;
- ukungakhathaleli;
- ngqu zulwano;
- ubunzima ngemisebenzi yocwangciso;
- iingxaki ngokucinga okunengcamango nokungaqondi;
- ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto abazithandayo, ukupholisa ubudlelwane obusondeleyo.
2. Isigaba sesibini sisifo sengqondo sokuqala, apho iinguqu kwisimo sengqondo yesigulane sichazwa ngakumbi kwabanye. Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswe:
- ukunyuka kweengxaki zeememori;
- ukuphulwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga;
- ukunciphisa isigama;
- kuncipha kwinqanaba lentetho;
- ukuphulwa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi.
3. Iyesithathu yinqanaba lokumelana nokugula kwengqondo ngokulinganiselayo, ebonakala ngokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengqondo kunye nokubonakala kwezinye iimpawu zokugula:
- Ukungahambelani, inkulumo engenakuthetha, ukuguqula amagama;
- ukulahleka kokufunda nokubhala izakhono;
- ukukhunjulwa kweememori, xa isigulane singasakwazi ukuqonda izihlobo eziseduze, imemori yexesha elide iphuliwe;
- iziqwenga zobundlobongela;
- ukucaphuka;
- ukulila;
- ukuqhubela phambili kweengxaki zeemoto;
- izifo zokulala;
- ukungahambisi kwamanzi.
4. Isigaba sokugqibela - isifo sika-Alzheimer-senza ukuba izigulane zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuncedo lwangaphandle, ngenxa yokuba phantse zonke izakhono zokuzimela zilahleka. Umfanekiso weklinikhi uquka:
- ukulahlekelwa kwentetho;
- ukunganaki rhoqo;
- ukuphelelwa ngumzimba;
- kunzima ukunyuka ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - ukulinda ubomi
Kule nqanaba ekuphuhlisweni kwezesayensi yezokwelapha, lesi sifo sithathwa njengingenakuphulukiswa. Xa umntu osithandayo echaphazelekayo ngesifo se-Alzheimer, isigaba sokugqibela, bangaphi abantu abahlala kuyo, banomdla abantu abaninzi. Kuyafaneleka ukuba siqonde ukuba xa imeko yengxaki yokugula kwengqondo yezigulane ixhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho wokunyamekela kwabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa isigaba sokugcina sesi sifo siyabonwa, singaphila ngaphezu konyaka, sinokunyamekela-ngakumbi. Kule meko, ukufa akubangelwa ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer ngokwayo, kodwa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene nokungabi nciphisa - i-pneumonia, izilonda zoxinzelelo, i-thrombosis, njl.
I-Alzheimer's disease - unyango
Ukuba ukuguga ukuqonda isifo seengcali kuyinto elula ekufundeni i-anamnesis kunye nokufumanisa izibonakaliso zesifo se-neurological and neuropsychological, isifo sokuqala se-Alzheimer sifumaneka ngakumbi kunzima. Ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo, iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo zeengqondo kunye nokufundiswa kwezixhobo zichazwe:
- ikhompyutheni kunye nomfanekiso wokuhlaziya umbane ;
- i-photon single-output ye-tomography;
- positron emission tomography.
Ekubeni kungenakwenzeka ukuphilisa i-pathology, unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni ikhosi, ezinye ziyekezela ukunyuka nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bokuphila, ubuchule beengqondo zengxenye ebalulekileyo. Ezi zilandelayo ziquka:
- unyango lomculo - izigulane ziquka umculo ovuselela iimvakalelo ezintle, iintlangano kunye neziganeko ezisusela ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni;
- ubugcisa beeklasi zobugcisa obulula (ukudweba, ukulinganisa);
- ukuhlanganiswa kweengqondo - ezibandakanya isigulane kwindawo engabonakaliyo yasekhaya, evuselela imisebenzi yomzimba;
- Isizathu somsebenzi wengqondo - ukusombulula iipuzzles crossword, ukufunda, ukukhumbula amagama kunye nemigca, njl.
Xa unyamekela isigulane kufuneka ulandele ezi ngcebiso ezilandelayo:
- sengqondo kwaye
- ilungiselelo elifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo;
- ukudala izimo ezintle zokuhlala;
- ukubambelela kwimihla ngemihla;
- ukuthintelwa kweengxaki.
Isifo se-Alzheimer (unyango)
Izigulane ezifunyanwe nesifo se-Alzheimer zingafumana amayeza alandelayo unyango:
- ii-inhibitors ze-cholineterase (Razadin, Aricept, Exelon) - ziphazamisa ukuhlenga kwe-neurotransmitter acetylcholine;
- abaphikisanayo be-glutamate (iMemantine) - ukunciphisa umgangatho womququzeleli oshukumisayo wengqondo, obangela umonakalo kwiiseli zesisindo;
- Neuroleptics (Aminazine, Haloperidol, Clozapine) - ukuphelisa i-psychopathic neurotic states;
- i-tranquilone (Imovan, Buspirone) - ukuphelisa uxhalaba, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo;
- i-anti-depressants (Prozac, uAnafanil, iSertralin) - ayeke ukuhlaselwa kobugwenxa, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic.
Unyango lwezilwanyana zonyango ze-Alzheimer's disease
Isifo se-Alzheimer, unyango ekhaya olwenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwizicwangciso ezinqunywe ngugqirha, alubandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo abantu ukuba kuququzelele ukuhamba. Ngoko, izigulane ezininzi zinokucetyiswa imali ephucula ukuhamba kwegazi, ukondla kwengqondo, ukukhulisa ithoni yomzimba:
- ukutyunjwa kweengcambu ze-ginseng;
- i-aralia;
- i-Dioscorean yaseCaucasus, njl.
Entsha kunyango lwe-Alzheimer's disease
Ukunyangwa kwesifo se-Alzheimer kwisigaba sokuqala kuyisitshixo sokumisa ukunyuka kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwandisa ubomi besigulane. Iinzululwazi ziyaqhubeka zifuna iindlela zokusebenza zonyango, kwaye enye yeyona nto iphambili kweli xesha ingabizwa ngokuthi:
- ukufakelwa kweeseli ezinamabala;
- ukuqaliswa kwe-nanoparticles ezibopha kwaye zitshabalalise iiplantshi zeprotinaceous;
- ukusetyenziswa kwamagciwane anesifo sokukhusela i-peyde i-amyloid.
Ukuthintela iSifo se-Alzheimer's
Azikho iindlela ezinokuthintela i-Alzheimers kubafazi, kodwa ukunamathela kwimpilo enempilo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yesi sifo. Iingcebiso eziphambili zilandelayo:
- isondlo sokutya;
- yomsebenzi;
- ukwala kotywala nokutshaya;
- umsebenzi wengqondo;
- ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nobunzima bomzimba.
Uvavanyo lweZifo ze-Alzheimer's
Inani elikhulu leemvavanyo zokuxilonga liye laphuhliswa, ngenxa yokuba i-dementia ephezulu ingabonwa kwiinqanaba zokuqala. Zininzi zazo zingenziwa ekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, unokucela umntu ukuba atyele i-dial kwiphepha nge-clock yewashi ezandla zakhe zibonisa ixesha elithile. Kwiingxaki ekusebenziseni kwengqondo ithi ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ochanekileyo walo msebenzi, ukucinga kweeposiso (ukuxothwa kwe-dial kunye namanani, iimpazamo kwindawo yeentolo, njl.). Hlola abathandekayo bakho ngokuzikhethela kwesi sifo, ubanikeze imisebenzi embalwa elula.
Inombolo yokuhlola 1 (ukujonga imemori nokucinga okungabonakaliyo):
- Ngomzuzu omnye, dwelisa amagama alishumi aqala ngeleta "A" okanye "B".
- Ngomzuzu, fownela izilwanyana ezilishumi.
- Funda umbhalo obhaliweyo:
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Inombolo yokuvavanya 2 (ukujonga ukusebenza kweentsimbi ezisemgangathweni):
- Lungisa ibhotile yebhokisi ibhotela (i-odora yayo iyaziwa kuwo wonke umntu) kunye nomlawuli.
- Isihloko kufuneka sivale amehlo kunye nomlomo.
- Yizisa ioli kwiphondo lakhe lesobunxele kumgama we-23 cm.
- Ukutshintshisa, ukuvavanywa kufuneka kumiselwe umveliso.