Akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba i-nephrologist iyayiphatha njani, ebonisa ukuba uyakwazi ukuqonda iingxaki ezinobomi. Ubungcali bolu gqirha buncinci - unomdla kuphela ekufundeni umsebenzi wezintso. Ubuchule balo bubandakanya ukuthintela nokupheliswa kwephulo.
Nifrology - yintoni na?
Icandelo lophuhliso lenzelwe ukufundisisa umsebenzi wezintso kunye nezifo ezinokwenzeka. Ukuze ufunde ngento enomdla kwi-nephrology, yintoni le nto ithetha ngayo, sele isanda kutshanje. Oku kuchazwa lulutsha kwinqanaba lezonyango - alikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 ubudala. Namhlanje wenza uvavanyo, uphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwamanyathelo enyango.
I-nephrologist - into ayiphilisayo?
Kwimiba yezinto ezithandwa ngumgqirha zizifo zendalo ezahlukileyo, ezivela ngenxa yezifo, ukutyhelwa nokuthungwa. I-nephrologist yenza ezi zilandelayo iingxaki:
- i-amyloidosis - ukusebenzisana kwamaprotheni kunye ne-carbohydrate kwehlulekile;
- utshintsho olusisigxina ngaphantsi kwefuthe lemichiza ende;
- amatye eentso;
- i-pyelonephritis - ukunqotshwa kwebhakteria;
- i-hemolytic anemia ;
- iingxaki ezithintekayo kwi-urinary tract;
- glomerulonephritis .
Yintoni i-nephrologist eyenza abantu abadala?
Iingxaki zihlelwa nje nge-agent agent, ubudala bokuba ngumntu obalulekileyo. I-nephrologist yabantu abadala:
- ukubunjwa kwamatye;
- isifo sikashukela se-nephrogenic esivela kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo;
- izilonda ezincinci;
- pielitom;
- izintso ezintle;
- polycystic;
- i-nephrogenic anemia;
- isifo sesifo sofuba.
Ezinye zeengxaki zifuna umbonwa omnye ugqirha ngenxa yokungabikho kokuphulukiswa kwemithi. Ukuba isifo asihambelani nento eyenziwa yi-nephrologist, kuya kuphakanyiswa isinyathelo esilandelayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akufanele kulibaziseke ngokuchongwa kwazo naziphi na iingxaki ezibonisa ukungasebenzi komnxeba, ukufunyanwa kwazo kwangaphambili kunokuthintela isidingo sokuhlinzwa.
I-nephrologist - yintoni eyenza abantwana?
Ukuphulwa komsebenzi emsebenzini kweli candelo kumntwana kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokubunjwa okungaphelelanga komzimba. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kunyanzelekile ukuba kukho nayiphi na imbonakalo ekhuluma ngokungazinzi kwenkqubo yokucoca. I-nephrologist yezilwanyana kufuneka iqhube iimviwo ukuba igazi lifunyenwe emthini, kuba oku kunokubonisa ukuhlaselwa kwezintso. Nantsi into eyenziwa yi-nephrologist kwizigulane ezincinci:
- tubulopathy;
- pyelonephritis;
- nephropathy;
- i-vasculitis;
- dysplasia;
- ukungaqhelekanga kwindlela yokucoca;
- nephritis.
Xa udibanisa nephrologist?
Inyaniso yokuba umzimba awuhambelani nemisebenzi yayo, unokuthi la manqaku alandelayo:
- ukungahambi kakuhle komchamo;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu-bukhulu okanye ngesinye icala;
- ukugqithisa okungaphezulu;
- colic renal;
- iprotheni okanye igazi kumchamo;
- izibilini ezichaphazela umzimba.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-urologist-nephrologist kufuneka ihlolisise, xa kungekho nto ichazwe ngoku, kodwa zikhona izifo ezithintekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuba ngumxinzelelo ophezulu. Ingabunjwa ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezifihliweyo ezivela ezintsheni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, xa kunyuswa ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo, udokotela kufuneka ahlolwe ukuba aphephe ukungaqhelekanga kwelungu.
Umntwana kufuneka aboniswe kwingcali kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- ubukho begazi okanye i-mucus kumchamo;
- bekhala ngelixa uvula;
- ubuqhophololo, nokuba ngaba kukuvuvukala kwamehlo;
- umbala, ukukhanya okanye ukuvumba komchamo kuye kwatshintsha;
- ukukhululwa komchamo kwehlile ukuya kwisithathu kwevolumu evamile;
- ukuhlamba ebusuku ebantwaneni abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-4;
- ubomvu obumnyama obunaphakade.
Ukufunyanwa kwe-nephrologist
I-Diagnostics ihlukaniswe ngo:
- ncokola;
- kuhlolwa;
- hlalutya;
- uviwo lwezinto.
Ukwamkelwa kwe-nephrologist kugqitywa ngokutyunjwa kwonyango, oluya kuwela kweyodwa yeendidi ezimbini:
- i-nephroprotective - ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi weenso ngaphandle kokuqhelanisa nokuhlobo lwesifo;
- ezithile - ukuphelisa ingxaki ethile.
Uviwo luvela njani kwi-nephrologist?
Okokuqala ugqirha wenza uphando, ngoko iimviwo kunye neemvavanyo zingabelwa. Nantsi into eyenziwa yi-nephrologist ngexesha le ncoko:
- Ubungcwele - ubukho bezifo zeli nkqubo kwizihlobo eziseduze.
- Ukuxiliswa yiyo ndawo kunye nemvelo yomsebenzi.
- Indlela yokuphila.
- Ubunzima bokuzalwa kunye nexesha - iiseli zezintso zidalwe kwiinyanga zokugqibela zesigxina.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezithatha i-nephrologists?
Emva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle kunye noqhagamshelwano nesigulane, ugqirha uya kunika ukunikela ngegazi ukwenzela ukufundisisa inani lezalathisi. Ukuhlalutya kwi-nephrologist ukuvavanya:
- phosphates;
- Iprotheni esebenzayo;
- creatinine;
- urea;
- isantya sesantya se-erythrocytes;
- calcium;
- ukwakhiwa kwe-electrolytic yomchamo negazi.
Ukubonisana kwe-nephrologist
Emva kokufumana iziphumo zeemvavanyo, i-diagnostic yenziwa kwaye i-regimen yonyango ilungisiwe. Ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo alaneleyo, ngoko-ke ukubonisana ne-nephrologist kungaqhubeka nokuqeshwa kweemviwo ezongezelelweyo.
- Ultrasound. Ubonisa izithunzi zamatye ezintso.
- CT. Kufuneka ukuba ufumane izilonda eziphilayo.
- Biopsy. Kuthatyathwa uviwo lwakhe.
- I-Angiography (X-ray). Uqwalasela izilonda zamathambo e-renal nemithambo yegazi.
- I-Scintigraphy (ukufakwa komthamo omncinci wezinto ezichanekileyo). Ukuphumelela ekufumaneni amanyathelo okuqala we-neoplasm.
- Ukhetho lwe-arteriography. Kubalulekile ukuqikelelwa kwemoya yeenqanawa.
Ngaphambi kokuqhuba iimvavanyo zokuxilonga, le mithetho ilandelayo kufuneka ibonwe.
- Yeka ukutshaya nokusela izidaka ezili-12 ngaphambi kokutyelela.
- Ngelo xesha kufuneka ubaleke ukutya.
- Ngomhla udinga ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobutywala kumncinci.
- Kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukusebenzisa iziyobisi xa zingabalulekanga. Ukuba awukwazi ukumisa esikolweni, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha malunga naloo nto ukuze acinge ngefuthe leziyobisi kwimiphumo yesifundo.
Iingcebiso ze-nephrologist
Kukho kwezi zifo kubalulekile ukulandela iziphakamiso ze-nephrologist ukukhusela inkqubela yabo okanye ukufezekisa ukunyanga okupheleleyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthatha oku, ngoba ukufakelwa kwesigxina kunzima, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwe-dialysis kufaka imingcele emininzi. Kungcono ukuba ungadingi ulwazi, oluphathwe yi-nephrologist yengcali, kodwa ukuphumeza oku akulula. Kubalulekile ukuhambelana nendlela yokuphila eyanceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-uric acid, ukuchithwa kwayo kunye nokunyusa.
Iingcebiso zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ukulahla izitya eziliweyo, iimveliso ezibhekisayo, iipesele, iintlanzi zetyuwa, ukutya okunesonka, iintlobo zamathambo kunye nesobho. Kunoko, kucetyiswa ukuba udle izityalo zengqolowa ezihluma, izithelo kunye nemifuno, kunye neziselo ziselo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwee-decoctions ze-herbal, i-waton, ubuncinane 1.5-2 ilitha amanzi ahlambulukileyo ngosuku.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuqhelekileyo, ukuhamba emoyeni omtsha.
- Ukuba kukho iingxaki nge-flowflow ye-fluid, i-edema icetyiswa ukunciphisa ukungenisa ityuwa, ebangela ukuba kugcinwe amanzi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uyishiye ngokupheleleyo, ukuphulwa ngamandla kwe-electrolytic balance will lead to even more problems.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye ukuphika ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukukhutshwa kwe-hypothermia, ingakumbi kwingingqi ye-lumbar.