I-Vitalism (ukusuka kwisiLatini i-vitalis-ephilileyo, ukunika ubomi) yintlangano enokwenza izinto kwizinto eziphilayo ezivumela ukuba kubekho amandla angabonakaliyo kuyo yonke into ephilileyo. Okufunekayo kwimbono yokubaluleka ingabonwa kwifilosofi kaPlato noAristotle, othetha ngomphefumlo ongafiyo (psyche) kunye namandla angabonakaliyo (entelechy), olawula iziganeko zokuphila. Emva koko uluntu lwasuswa yinkcazo yeempawu, malunga nokubaluleka kwakukhunjulwa kuphela ngekhulu le-17. Ukugqibela kwezimbali ze-neo-vitalism zenzeka kwinxalenye yesibini ye-19 leminyaka. Kodwa ngokuphuhliswa kwe-biology kunye neyeza, inkolelo yokubaluleka yayisetyenziswe, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ukuhluleka kwayo.
Vitalism kunye nokuwa kwayo
Ngamaxesha onke, uluntu lwalunomdla kwimbango yemvelaphi yobomi. Nangona ingcamango yenzululwazi ingaphuhliswa, ukuchazwa kweenkolelo zenkolo akuzange kubangele nayiphi na into. Kodwa xa abantu beqonda ukuba ihlabathi lilawulwa yimithetho engummiselo, imfundiso yendalo kaThixo yaqala ukubangela ukungathandabuzeki. Kodwa nantsi into, inzululwazi, nayo, ayikwazi ukunika ingcaciso ecacileyo yemvelaphi yobomi. Kwakuloo nto ibalulekileyo ibonakala ngathi ayiphiki imithetho yemvelo, kodwa iyaqonda nokuba kukho ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubela phambili okuqala ukuqala. Ukuqulunqwa kokugqibela kwengcamango yokubaluleka kwafika ngexesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwenzululwazi, xa ekugqibeleni abantu belahlekelwa ukholo ekubeni inkcazo yomyalelo wehlabathi inokunikezelwa kuphela ngombono onobuchule noluncedo. Igalelo elikhulu ekubunjweni kwenkolelo yenziwe ngabaososayensi abanjengoG. Stahl (ugqirha) kunye noH. Drish (umbungu wama-embrologist). Ingxelo yokugqibela, ngokukodwa, yathi izazinzulu azikwazi ukudala enye into ephilayo, kuba inkqubo yokudala ayikwazi ukuba yintsimi ye-mechanics.
Kodwa iminyaka ihamba, inzululwazi yaphuhliswa, imithetho emitsha yavulwa. Ekugqibeleni, ngokwezinto ezibalulekileyo, kwakukho ukuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo (kwimbono yabangenayo). Ngowe-1828, u-F. Woehler (umzululwazi waseJamani) wanyathelisa imisebenzi yakhe, apho wacacisa iziphumo zovavanyo kwi-synthesis yerea. Wakwazi ukudala umxube wezinto eziphilayo kunye neendlela eziphilayo ezizenzayo. Oku bekuyiyona nto yokuphambanisa ukuwa kwe-vitalism, kwaye uphando olulandelayo ludale umonakalo omkhulu kulo mbono. Kwii-50 zee-XX zenkulungwane ukuphuhliswa okucwangcisiweyo kokuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zaqala. Umpempi waseFransi uP.E.M. U-Berthelot wakwazi ukuvelisa i-methane, i-benzene, i-ethyl ne-methyl alcohols, kunye ne-acetylene. Kule ngongoma, umda phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezendalo, ezingabonakaliyo, zingatshatyalaliswa. Uphando lwangoku alushiyi nantoni kwizinto ezibalulekileyo - abantu bangakwazi ukuvelisa intsholongwane, bafezekise impumelelo ekwenzeni i-cloning kunye nenye into apho isayensi izotholela khona, mhlawumbi kungekudala siza kufunda indlela yokudala i-biorobots-uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo lobomi, ngoko limi kumgangatho omnye noMdali.
Iingcamango zobubalulekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje
Ewe, siyilungisile, inzululwazi - ngonaphakade, i-vitalism-ukulahla! Kodwa musa ukukhawuleza ukufikelela kwizigqibo, ukufunyanwa kwemithetho apho iziganeko zendalo ziphantsi kwayo, ayikho into ephikisayo inkolelo yokubaluleka, kuba umntu (okanye into) le mithetho kwakufuneka ifike. Ngaphezu koko, izafilosofi zexesha elidlulileyo zicinga ukuba imathematika ibe yintsapho