Ukucacisa ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni womntu, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zebhoratri zenziwa, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwegazi legazi. Iziphumo zezi zifundo ziyaziwa malunga neenyanga ezi-3 kamva, kodwa zikho iindlela ezikhawulezayo zokufumanisa intsholongwane.
Ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-HIV okanye AIDS
Ukuvanya iimvavanyo zenziwa ngesiseko sokuhlolwa kwegazi kumnwe uze uvumele isiphumo sitholakale zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30 emva kokukhutshwa komkhuhlane. Ukuthembeka kokuvavanya kwe-HIV ngokukhawuleza kufana nokulingana neemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zelabhoratri. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba olu hlalutyo alubonakalisi intsholongwane ngokwayo kwigazi lomntu, kodwa ubukho be-antibodies kwisifo. Ngoko ke, ukuba iziphumo ezichanekileyo ukusuka kwithuba losulelo lokunikezelwa kwegazi kufuneka zibe ubuncinane kwiiveki ezili-10.
Ukuvavanya uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngamathe
Ezi zivavanyo zivame ukuphatheka kwaye zingasetyenziswa ekhaya. Ziye zenzelwe ukufumanisa intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus 1 no-2 iintlobo. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zithembeke kakhulu - ngo-99.8%.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwamatye lubandakanya:
- Imiyalelo.
- Umhloli ngefowuni (kwizinto zokuthabatha isampuli) kunye namanqaku amabini: C no-T.
- Ikhonkco enexube yomxube.
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV olukhawulezayo - umyalelo:
- i-scapula kwisicatshulwa kufuneka ifakwe kumacandelo angaphandle kwimizi ephezulu nephantsi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba isibonakaliso kumqondiso we-C simnyama, oko kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo lusebenza.
Iziphumo:
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV alubi ukuba ibhanti ibonakala kuphela kwi-C-mark. Ngenxa yoko, emanzini ayikho i-T-lymphocyte kunye neentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane.
Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwe-HIV ukuba izibonakaliso zomabini zombini (C no-T) ziye zacima. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ama-antibodies atsuleleka kwi-saliva. Kule meko, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nangoko kwiziko elizonyango lonyango olongezelelweyo lweemvavanyo zonyango kunye noncedo.
Uvavanyo lwesine leNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Ama-antibodies kwi-HIV kubantu abaninzi baveliswa ngokwaneleyo ukuba bafumane iiveki ezingama-10-12 kuphela emva kokusuleleka. Kodwa i-RNA yintsholongwane ikhona kwiiseli ze-plasma zegazi kuphela kwiveki emva kokusuleleka, ngoko ke isizukulwana sesine sesivivinyo sisebenzisa indlela enzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kwezi-antigens kunye nokufumanisa ngokufanayo kwe-p24 capsid antigen. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunjalo kunye neengculaza kukuvumela ukuba ugqibe isigulo se-HIV ngexesha elifutshane emva kokusuleleka kwaye uthatha ixesha elingaphantsi.
Iziphumo zokuvavanya ezinokwenzeka
Phakathi kweziphumo ezingabonakaliyo ezintle nezingalunganga zokuhlalutya, kubalulekile ukuhlula uluhlu lwamanga okanye olubuzayo. Iimeko ezinjalo zivela ukuba kukho impazamo kwizifundo zebhubhoratri, okanye emzimbeni womntu, izixhobo eziza kuvela kwimimandla ethile, efana ne-antibodies ye-HIV, ziveliswa. Kukho kwakhona ukuba uhlalutyo lwenziwe ngelixa i-immune system engazange iphendule ngokusungula intsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ukuxinwa kwamagciwane okuncinci kuncinci kunokumiselwa.
Uvavanyo oluthile lokungqinelana ne-HIV lubangelwa ukuchithwa ngokungafanelekanga kweentlobo ezithile zeeprotheni kwinkqubo yokuvavanya. Ngezinye izifo ezivuthayo kunye nezifo ze-oncological, kunye nokukhulelwa, umzimba unako ukuvelisa iiprotheni ezifana kakhulu neengculaza ze-HIV. Ukucacisa iziphumo zohlalutyo, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo kufuneka zenziwe emva kweeveki ezimbalwa.
Uvavanyo olubi lwama-HIV -antibodies kwintsholongwane ayizange ifinyelele ingqwalaselo apho inkqubo yokuvavanya iphendula. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubonisa ukuba uhlalutyo lwathathwa kwixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi window, oko kukuthi, bekungekho ixesha elaneleyo ukususela ngexesha losulelo.