Okwangoku, isifo se-virus sokuzikhusela i-immunodeficiency virus. Ngokutsho kolwazi olutsha, kwiplanethi yethu malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-35 abasulelekileyo, abafuna unyango lwe-HIV.
Ngaba kukho unyango lweHIV?
Njengoko kuyaziwa, iziyobisi ezinxamnye ne-virus zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nale sifo, ezikhusela ukukhula nokuphindaphinda kwintsholongwane, kunye nokuthintela ukungeniswa kwiseli enempilo. Ngelishwa, akukho namachiza akwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umntu osulelekileyo, njengoko intsholongwane ihamba ngokukhawuleza yonyango kwaye iguqule. Nangona isimo sengqondo esithembekileyo kunye nesimbopheleleko sokuthatha amachiza siya kunceda ukuba ungaphumeleli kakuhle kwaye uphucule ubomi obungaphaya kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngako oko, ihlale isithemba ukuba ngelinye ilanga baya kufumana okanye bafumane unyango lwe-HIV oluya kuphulukisa ekupheleni.
Mayeza akhoyo
I-HIV yi-retrovirus, oko kukuthi, intsholongwane ene-RNA kwiiseli zayo. Ukuyilwa, iziyobisi zisetyenziselwa ukusuleleka ku-HIV kumgaqo ohlukeneyo wokwenza:
- Inhibitors ye reverse transcriptase.
- Protease inhibitors.
- Inhibitors ye-integrase.
- Ama-inhibitors of fusion kunye nokungena.
Ukulungiselela kuwo onke amaqela kukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwintsholongwane kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zomjikelezo wobomi bawo. Baphazamisa ukuphindaphinda kweeseli ze-HIV kunye nokuvimba isenzo sabo se-enzymatic. Kwiindlela zonyango zanamhlanje, izidakamizwa eziliqela ezichanekileyo ezivela kumacandelwana ahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa kanyekanye, kuba unyango olunjalo lusebenza kakhulu ekukhuseleni ukuguqulwa kwegciwane kwisilwanyana kunye nokuvela kwe-resistivity (ukuzinza) kwesi sifo.
Ngoku ixesha lilindeleke xa liza kuseka iyeza jikelele kwi-HIV, eya kuba ne-inhibitors kwiklasi nganye, kungekhona nje ukuyeka ukukhula kwegciwane, kodwa nokufa kwayo okungenakuguquka.
Ukongezelela, ukunyangwa kosulelo, iziyobisi ezingathinteli ngqo kwiiseli zentsholongwane zisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa vumela umzimba ukuba uhlangabezane neziphumo zawo kunye nokuqinisa umzimba wokuzivikela.
Ngaba baya kufumana unyango lwe-HIV?
Iingcali zenzululwazi kwihlabathi zihlala ziphuhlisa izilwanyana ezintsha zokusuleleka ngoGawulayo. Cinga ngezona zinto zithembisayo.
Nullbasic. Eli gama linikezelwa kwisiza esakhiwe yenzululwazi evela kwiZiko loPhando lwezoPhando kwisixeko saseKlinsland (e-Australia). Umthuthukisi uthi, ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwezibophelelo zeeprotheyini zentsholongwane phantsi kwesenzo sonyango, i-HIV iqala ukulwa nayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhula kunye nokuphindaphinda kwintsholongwane kuyimise, kodwa ekugqibeleni ukufa kwamaseli asele sele atheleleke.
Ukongezelela, xa kucelwa ukuba le nyeza iza kuvela kwi-HIV, umvelisi uyaphendula ngokukhuthaza-kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo. Ngo-2013, ukuhlolwa kwezilwanyana sele kuqalile, kwaye ezinye izilingo zeekliniki zicwangciswe kubantu. Esinye seziphumo eziphumeleleyo zezifundo kukuguqulwa kwintsholongwane
SiRNA. Uphuhlise eli chiza le-HIV ngabafundi be-American baseYunivesithi yaseColorado. Imolekyu yakhe ibimbela ukubonakala kweentsholongwane ezikhuthaza ukuphindaphinda kweeseli zentsholongwane, kunye nokutshabalalisa igobolithe yayo. Okwangoku, uphando olusebenzayo luqhutyelwa kunye nokuvavanya kwiigundane ze-transgen, ezibonisa ukuba iilomleksi zezinto ezingenayo inetyhefu kwaye zenza ukuba i-RNA yegciwane igxininiswe iyancitshiswa ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezi-3.
Izazinzulu zenzululwazi zithi ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwezobugcisa bokuveliswa kweyeza ezicetywayo kuya kulwa ngempumelelo ne-HIV kuphela, kodwa ne-AIDS.