Oothixo kunye noothixokazi bamaGrike aseMandulo bahle kwaye baqondakala kubantu, ekubeni banempawu ezininzi zabantu, bathanda kwaye banzonda, uvelwano okanye impindezelo. UDemeter - enye yezona zihloniphekileyo ngabantu baseGrike bezithixokazi, inhlonipho kunye nokuqatshelwa okuhlala kuloo mini.
Ngubani oDemeter?
IDemeter nguMama uMhlaba. Kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo umntu unokufumana elinye igama likaDemeter - Omama Omkhulu. Umfanekiso wesithixo uhlanganisa bonke ubomi. Umzimba wakhe ngumntu womntu, akukho ngaphantsi komhlaba. Unkulunkulukazi oninawa wazalwa ngamagama amakhulu eTronos noRhea. Umnumzane uZeus wathuthuma, owathi wayemnqwenela aze amkhohlise ngendlela yenkomo. Intandokazi yomntwana - intombi yePerphone, ngenxa yokuba yakha iindlebe ezininzi zithikazikazi ezililayo.
UDemeter uyaziwa phantsi kwamanye amagama, ukuzalisa umfanekiso wakhe omhle:
- Htonia - phantsi komhlaba;
- I-Ceres (igama lesiLatin);
- I-Virgo (ngohlobo lweenkwenkwezi);
- IAkaya ibuhlungu;
- Isinkwa seSieve;
- Furia;
- I-Fesmophora ngumthetho-mthetho kunye nomphathi wemitshato esemthethweni;
- U-Erinia uyaphikisa.
Ubuqhetseba bukaDemeter buqhelekileyo phakathi kwamafama. Wafundisa abantu ukulima nokuhlwayela abasebenzi. Ngomsebenzi wesibongo sesiGrike uHesiod "Umsebenzi weFama," kukho inkondlo-myalelo, malunga nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi. Umbongi usitshela ukuba ngaphambi kokuphosa imbewu kwihlabathi, kufuneka sithandaze kuDemeter ococekileyo kunye nohlu lwezolimo: uthabathe isimbolo sokulima kwaye ulungele iinkomo ukuze uqokelele iindlebe ezikhulayo, ezikhulayo zeengqolowa, ukuhlonipha uMama Omkhulu kuzo zonke iziqhamo.
Isimboli seDemeter
Unkulunkulukazi wamaGrisi wamandulo uDemeter wayebonakaliswa njengowesifazane omhle onomsebenzi onobuhle, eneenwele ezinobungqolowa kunye nomkhonto ogqithiseleyo. Inhloko yodadekazi ijikelezwe iHalo. Kukhona enye ifomu eyaziwayo yeDemeter yeXhwaving: owesifazane okhulileyo, ophelile eengubo ezimnyama enekhanda phezu kwentloko yakhe. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zoMama woMhlaba:
- ibhasikidi eneendlebe ezivuthiweyo, intsimbi ekhanda lakhe - uphawu lokuzala;
- isibani esivuthayo, esilukileyo esivela kwintlambo ye-Etna-isimboli sokufumana intombi;
- ihagu - isilwanyana, ngenxa yobuncwane bayo obunikezelwe kukuthikazikazi;
- i-poppy yintyatyambo yeDemeter, ngoncedo apho yanyanga unyana kaKelay ekugqibeleni.
Unkulunkulukazi uDemeter kwiintetho zamaGrike
Ubudlelwane benkulunkulukazi kunye nabanye abemi be-Olympus abaluleke ngokulinganayo bakhelwe ngokubanzi malunga neengqungquthela zombindi, apho unkulunkulukazi wokuzala uDemeter akavumelani nokulahlekelwa yintombi yakhe kwaye ulungisa bonke oothixo. Nguye onokuguqula ilizwe elihle kunye nenhle kwi-desert entlango. Kwaye oothixo, bebonile isimo sakhe esinzima, hambelani, ngenxa yokuba akayikho ngaphandle koMama Omkhulu.
Inkolelo yeDemeter kunye ne-Persephone
I-Demeter kunye ne-Persephone (iCora) -thando kwaye inamathele kakhulu omnye nomnye intombi nentombi bachitha ixesha elide kunye kunye, bangabomoya. Kwathi kwenzeka ukuba iHayidesi (iHayidesi) yabona iPerphonephone ekhulile yaza yathandana. Ukuya kuZeus, iHayidesi yaqala ukubuza izandla zentombi yakhe, apho uZeus obengumphathi-mandla akazange aphendule "ewe" okanye "hayi". Unkulunkulu okhohlakeleyo we-underworld wakuqonda oku njengesigxina kwisenzo kwaye wagqiba ekubeni athabathe iCora.
Cora, kunye noArtemis noAthena, baqhaqhaqhaqhaqha etaweni kwaye bancika phezu kweentyantyambo eziqholiweyo, befunda ukuvumba kwabo, beva iphunga le-Persephone elingaqhelekanga lisuka kwezinye iidadekazi ukuba baqhekeza intyatyambo ye-daffodil eyakhuliswe nguGaia (unkulunkulukazi womhlaba), ngokukodwa ngenjongo yokubanjwa IPhonephone Hades. Umhlaba wavuleka kwaye ngaphandle kwayo iHadesi eyoyikisayo kwinqwelo emnyama yathinjwa ngumthikazikazi ekhwaza ngoncedo. Akukho mntu wabona ukuthunjwa, ngaphandle kwelanga elinguHelios. Umama wenyamezela ukukhala kwakhe intombi akazange amfumane.
Iintsuku ezithoba zaphazamiseka intlungu uDemeter afuna intombi yakhe. Yonke imvelo iye yawa, izidiliya kunye namahlumela onke zomile. UHelios waba nesihawu kumama osilele waza wachaza ngesivumelwano phakathi kweHadesi noZeus. UDemetra wenyuka waya kumntakwabo waza wacela ukubuya kwintombi yakhe, okanye kwakungeke kubekho umhlaba oqaqambileyo, kwaye abantu baya kufa ngendlala. Oothixo banikezela kwaye baphetha umnqophiso omtsha, uKora uchitha ubusika kunye neHayidesi, kunye naso sonke ixesha kunye nonina. Ngoko kwakukho ukudibana kwakhona. Kodwa ubusika kuza, kwaye uDemeter ubuhlungu ngenxa yokuhlukana kwintombi yakhe kude kube yintwasahlobo.
UDemeter noHera
Unkulunkulukazi ongumGrisi uDemeter ngu dade kaHera, umfazi kaZeus noHastia, unkulunkulukazi ontombi. Ngokuphathelele ubudlelwane boodade abazange bahlale naluphi na ulwazi kunye nemithombo, kodwa ukwazi intshutshiso etshayolayo kaHera, sinokucinga ukuba ubudlelwane abuyinto elula. Oodadewethu babumbene nento yokuba nganye yawa ezininzi izilingo kunye nokulahlekelwa. UDemeter wahlukana nentombi yakhe, uHera akahlali emtshatweni. Kuzo zonke iziganeko zabo zokufa, uZeus unetyala - indoda, umzalwana, uyise wabantwana kumntu oyedwa.
UDemeter noDionysus
UDionysus, uthixo we-viticulture, i-winemaking kunye ne-fertility (uhlobo oludala lweDionysus-Zagrei), kwixesha lamaGrike laqala ukuchongwa noYehoka okanye uBachus, unyana kaDemeter (kwimithombo ethile yamyeni wakhe). Uthikazikazi wokuzala uDemeter ngenjabulo yokuba intombi yakhe yabuya efa, yafundisa abemi beSixeko i-Eleusis, apho wahlala khona ekuhluphekeni kokulima. Ngoko, ngozuko loothixokazi, imfihlakalo ye-Eleusini yavela, apho inkolo kaDionysus nayo yajoyina. Umfanekiso womntwana ovela kuThixo kaDionysus, njengomlamli phakathi koothixokazi nabantu, wayeyintloko yentloko.
IDemeter neHadesi
IHades - unkulunkulu welizwe labafileyo ungumzalwana kaDemeter. Isibi esibuhlungu asikho nje kuphela abasetyhini basemhlabeni, kodwa noothixokazi. Obabini abazalwana uDemeter - iHadesi kunye noZeus babenobundlobongela kwaye babengafanelekanga kulo dade. Kwaye ngokuziphindisela, u-Erinia - "ukuphindisela" uDemeter ujika umhlaba wehlabathi ube ngumbuso ongezantsi. Umhlaba uya kuba mnyama kwaye wome njengendawo yokuhlala yaseHayidesi. Malunga neDemeter entabeni akukho bani wacinga kunye nesiphumo esibuhlungu sasingafiki ixesha elizayo. UMzalwan 'kwaye sele eselunxeshana-mkhwenyana-mkhwenkwekazi wayefanele akhulume i-Persephone kumama wakhe ngaphambi kwesiqhankqalazo sekhephu. Ukulinganisela kwendalo kuye kwabuyiselwa.