Ngesinye isikhathi emzimbeni womntu, intsholongwane kaGawulayo ixhomekeke ngokukhethekileyo kwiiseli zomzimba, ekubhekeleni kwayo i-CD 4-modululy - yiyo eyayiqonda intsholongwane.
I-HIV ibhekisela kwi-lentiviruses, ebizwa ngokuba "neengcipheko ezincinci" - oko kuthetha ukuba ukususela kwithuba losulelo kuze kube yilapho uphawu lokuqala (kunye nangakumbi ngoko isifo se-immunodeficiency syndrome) sidlula ixesha elininzi. Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwamagciwane, iintsholongwane zingasasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.
Iiseli ezinoxanduva lokukhuseleka ziyakuthinteka ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokuncipha kwinani le-lymphocytes-CD4 kwixabiso le-200 / μL kwaye liphantsi, lithetha ngesifo se-immunodeficiency.
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ibonakala ngathi?
Isakhiwo sentsholongwane kaGawulayo siyinkimbinkimbi. INTSHOLONGWANE YAGAWULAYO ine-supercapsid ye-shape shape, eyakhiwa nge-double-lipid layer kunye ne-glycoprothein "spines". Kuphezulu kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo kukho iinkulungwane zee-molecule zeprotheni (gp41, gp120, p24, p17, p7). Iiprotheni gp 120 kunye ne-gp 41 zenza iziganeko ezibonakalayo zesifo sengculaza - kukuncedwa yi-HIV kwaye ichaphazela "iinjongo" zayo - iiseli zesistim somzimba. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ubungakanani begciwane lesandulela ngculaza linamaxesha angama-60 amancinci kunecandelo elincinci le-erythrocyte kwaye li-nanometers eziyi-100-120.
Ingcinezelo ye-AIDS igcine ixesha elingakanani?
Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus iyasebenza kuphela kwiinkcazelo zamanzi zomzimba. Ukuxhatshazwa ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo kunokungena ngegazi kunye neengxenye zalo ngexesha lokuxilongwa (iimeko zokugcoba, i-plasma efriziwe, ubuninzi beplatelet). Kwakhona, ukuqhagamshelana ngesondo (kuquka umlomo) nesigulane se-HIV akukhuselekile. Ngamathe, iinyembezi, i-sweat, i-feces kunye nomchamo, umxholo we-HIV uphantsi kakhulu - usulelo luya kwenzeka kuphela ukuba la manzi aphumayo angenawo ukungcola kwegazi.
Ukusulelwa kwintsholongwane ngamakhaya kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka, kuba intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyafa emoyeni imizuzwana embalwa.
Ungazikhusela njani kwi-HIV?
Ngelishwa, isiqinisekiso esingama-100% malunga noGawulayo asinikeli - ii-virus-immunodeficiency virus zingangena emzimbeni nangona zinyathelo zokuqapha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusuleleka kwenzeka kwiimpawu zonyango apho iimfuno zokuhlambulula (iimpahla ezingezizo ezinjalo) azihlonishwa, kunye negazi kunye neengxenye zalo zitshintshiselwa (kungekudala inani lamatyala liye linciphisa, njengokuba izinto ezixhasayo zithotyelwe ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV).
Kubalulekile ukunqanda oonxibelelwano olungakhuselekanga kunye nabalingani abangaqhelekanga: isiqinisekiso sokungabikho isifo kukuhlalutya kwe-HIV kunye ne-STD, kwaye "kungekhona ilizwi elithembekileyo". Kwi-salic manicure kungcono ukuthatha izixhobo zakho, kuba ngaphandle kwe-HIV kwi-scissors non-stery kunye nezifo ezinokubakho zintlungu zingabakho izifo zengqondo, i-syphilis, njl njl.
Unokufumana njani i-HIV?
Ngokuchasene neengcinga kunye nokwesaba, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus akunakwenzeka ngoku:
- ukuxhaphaza;
- u kumanga;
- ukutya nokusela;
- umlingo ukuluma;
- ukusetyenziswa kwamabhati, amanzi okubhukuda, i-saunas;
- "Izigulane" kwiindawo zoluntu ezineenaliti ezisulelekileyo (phezu kwentsholongwane intsholongwane ifa ngokukhawuleza).
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayihanjiswanga ngokukrazula nokukhwehlela.
Vavanyo lweHIV
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo lugqiba malunga neenyanga ezi-6, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa intsholongwane kuphela emva kokuphelelwa kwelo xesha ukususela kwithuba losulelo olusatshatyalaliswayo (ukudluliselwa, isondo esingakhuselekanga, ukujova ngesirinji engavumelekanga). Uhlalutyo luyafuneka kwakhona ukuba iqabane lisemngciphekweni (ubudlelwane obungaphandle, ukuxhomekeka kweziyobisi, ii-STD).