Ukuqala umsebenzi wezithombe, okanye ukuthenga nje isibuko ekhaya okokuqala ngqa, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba umgangatho ofanelekileyo wezithombe kubalulekile ukuba awuzukufumana kuphela ubuchule obufanelekileyo, kodwa kunye ne-lens. Indlela yokukhetha i-lens efanelekileyo kwimpendulo yakho ayiyona into elula.
Isixhobo se-lens yekhamera ecacileyo
Ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kumbuzo wendlela yokukhetha i-lens yekhamera, makhe sithethe ngeenkcukacha malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-lens, kutheni kuyadingeka, kwaye kutheni kufuneka idibene nayo yonke ingxaki ekukhethiweyo kwayo. Injongo ephambili ye-lens kukuqokelela ukukhanya, ukugxila nokuyiqwalasela kwisibuko sekhamera. Kutheni sifuna ukuyila yonke inkoliso yeelensi, ukuba umntu okhuselekileyo ukwanele ukufeza lo msebenzi?
Xa ukukhanya kudlula i-lens, sifumana inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo, eziza kuphazamisa umgangatho wesithombe. Ngako oko, ukuze ulungise ukukhanya kokukhanya, ezininzi iilensi zongezelelweyo ziyaziswa, zinika i-lens iiparameters eziyimfuneko-ukuvula, ubude obude. Inani lezinto ezibonakalayo zifikelela ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Iilensi zanamhlanje ziquka iindlela ezincedisayo ezinika ukugxilwa, ubukhali kunye nokulawulwa kwengqungquthela. Icala lidibanisa zonke iinkalo kwaye zinyuka kwikhamera ye-SLR.
Iyiphi ilensi ekhutshweyo yekhamera ye-SLR?
Ikhamera ye-Mirror yintlobo yejoni yendalo yonke, leyo, ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zayo, inokuhlangabezana nemisebenzi emininzi-ukutshatyalaliswa kwesimboli, studio, landscape, dynamic. Kubalulekile ukubeka i-lens high-speed lens, kwaye ikhamera yakho iya kwenza iifowuni ezintle ngeenkcazo eziphezulu kunye nobunzulu bentsimi, i-lishe ye "fisheye" izakukwenza ukuba wenze iifoto zeeporamiki ezintle. Oko kukuthi, ukuze uhlangane nolunye uhlobo lokudubula, akudingeki utshintshe izixhobo, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi i-lens yokukhetha kwiinjongo zakho.
Iindidi zeelensi zeekhamera ze-SLR
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiklasi yohlobo kunye nobuchule bezobugcisa, kukho iindidi ezilandelayo zeelayileri ze-SLR:
- Lens lens . Le lensi, leyo ngokungahleliyo inikwe ikhamera entsha ye-SLR. Uninzi lwabaqalayo beefoto kunye naye baqala ukuqhelana nelizwe lokufota. Kwanele kwiifoto zasekhaya zentengiso, kodwa ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwiifoto zobungcali.
- I-lens enexesha elide lokugxila . Ezi iilensi ezikhanyayo, ezinika ubunzulu bentsimi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuzithobela iifoto, zibizwa ngokuba yi "portraits" okanye "Fix".
- Lensenti ye Macro . Uninzi lwama-lens lwanamhlanje lunomsebenzi "omkhulu", kodwa ukufundwa kwezinto ezincinci kwizinto ezincinci, iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ziyadingeka, kwaye iziphumo ezingcono zifikeleleke kuphela ngoncedo lwe-lens macro.
- I-telephoto lens . Ngenxa yobude obukhulu, iilensi ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana kunye neentaka zasendle, kunye nezinto ezingenakusondela ngokuthe ngqo. Ezinye iimodeli zixhotyiswe ngesimo sokuzinzisa ukuze isandla somthunzi sithuthumele asithinteli isithombe esithathiweyo kumgama omde kakhulu.
- I-lens-angle angle , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fisheye, ikuvumela ukuba uthathe i-angle enkulu yokubukela, okwenza kube yindawo yokubamba imihlaba, izinto zokwakha okanye izinto zangaphakathi. Ngona ngoncedo unako ukufumana ukukhwabanisa okumangalisayo kunye nokuphambukisa kwangaphambili.
Iinkcukacha zamalensi kwiinkhamera ze-SLR
Ngohlobo oluthile oluqhelekileyo, umbuzo wokukhetha i-lens akulula. Akucebisi ukuba uthenge iilensi ezingcono zeekhamera ze-SLR - ukuba idivayisi ngokwayo isabhajethi-intengo, i-lens high-end iyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa. Yintoni endimele ndiyiqwalasele xa ndikhetha i-lens?
- Ubude obujoliswe kuyo bubomnye bembonakalo obalulekileyo obonisa ukuba ingakanani i-lens iyalinganisa okanye idibanisa isifundo. Kukhona iilensi kunye nobude obujoliswe ekujoliswe kuyo, esetyenziswe ukufotoza iifowuni.
- Ukuvula . Eli pharamitha luchaza ukuba kukukhanya kangakanani kufuneka kuhambe kumatrik yekhamera. Ixabiso lentambo lichongiwe ngobukhulu obukhulu bokuvulwa kwe-lens, okudlulisa ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa iilensi. Iilensi ezikhanyayo zinika umfanekiso obunobunono obunobunzima, ukuvumela ukuba udubule ubuncinci bomsindo kunye nesantya esivaliweyo, esithintela ukudibanisa kwesakhelo.
- Umfanekiso ozinzileyo . Uninzi lwama-lens lanamhlanje luxhotyiswe ngalo msebenzi, ngoko isakhelo asiyi kudibanisa ngenxa yokuthuthumela kwezandla zezithombe. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke ngokukodwa kwiilensi ezibude obude.
Unokukhetha njani ubude bomlingo?
Ngaphambi kokukhetha i-lensi yekhamera, makhe sithethe ngekhamera ngokwayo. Ipharamitha ephambili ye "SLR", ngokubhekiselele kulokuba sinobuncwane lobuchwephesha okanye inqanaba lomdlalo - ubungakanani bomthamo. Kwiikhamera zobuchwepheli obugcwele ngokupheleleyo Ubukhulu beMatrix yeSitulo, kumgangatho wezakhono eziphantsi kunye nobuncinci obuncitshisiweyo kuncishisiwe, lo mzuzwana ubizwa ngokuthi "isityalo sezinto".
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe i-lens efanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba i-lens ithatha umfanekiso opheleleyo, kodwa yonke iya kuwela kwi-matrix, okanye inxalenye yayo kuphela kuxhomekeke kubukhulu. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba kumatrices esityalo kunye nenxalenye yomfanekiso unqunyulwa, kwaye umfanekiso ngokwawo ukwandisa ngaphezu kwesakhelo esipheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba sikhetha i-lens portrait, sinokuthatha i-50 mm kwisiKhokelo esigcwele, ubuncinane ubunzima be-35 mm yesityalo.
Xa ukhetha i-lens-angle angle, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubukhulu be-matrix. Ikhamera ye-SLR epheleleyo, i -lens-angle-angle-angle ("iso lintlanzi") kufuneka libe nobude obude be-7-8 ukuya kwe-24, i-lens-wide-angle angle-kusuka kwi-24 ukuya kwi-35 mm. Ukuba sijongene nenkohlakalo, umgama kufuneka ukwandiswe ngamaxesha 1.6.
Yiyiphi i-lens engcono ukuyikhetha?
Sasiqonda kakuhle ukuba iipaleters zibonisa lenses, kodwa njani ukuqonda iintlobo zabo ezahlukeneyo, indlela yokukhetha i-lens yekhamera ye-SLR phantsi kwesicelo sakho, ukuba usenokuqala kwimifanekiso? Makhe sithethe ngeenkcukacha malunga nalezi kunye nezinye iilensi ezikwazi ukuzenza.
Yiyiphi i-lens yokukhetha umfoto wezithombe?
Ukuba ufuna kuphela ukuba uqhelane nekhamera ye-SLR, izixhobo eziphezulu kufuneka zingathengi, kwaye i-lens kufuneka ibe yiklasi efanelekileyo. Ukuqala, ungathatha ii-lensi ezimbini-i-whale yokutshatyalaliswa kwemvelo, isixeko, iziganeko kunye ne-portrait engabizi. Isalathisi se-portrait lentsholongwane yile lens ene-1.8 enamandla, imodeli ebiza kakhulu ngexabiso le-1.4. Yiyiphi eyokukhetha ixhomekeke kubunakho bemali. Umbuzo wendlela yokukhetha i-lhale lens ayikho - ihamba nekhamera.
Yiyiphi i-lens ekukhethiweyo yokutsala i studio?
Kule studio, umntu udlalwa ngokukhawuleza ngokuphakama, kwaye indawo yegumbi ayisoloko ikhulu, kwaye i-lens-focal focus ngeke isisebenzele. Isisombululo esiphezulu, indlela yokukhetha i-lens yekhamera ye-SLR kwi-studio, iya kuthenga i-lens ngobude obude be-24 mm. Ukulungelelanisa kunye nemigangatho emihle, kunye nemibala ecacileyo ngakumbi, kungcono ukuthenga iL lens yobuchwephesha, kodwa ixabiso layo liya kubaluleka.
Yiyiphi i-lens yokukhetha isitholo sendlu?
Ukudubula ekhaya, ingakumbi ukuba intsapho inabantwana abancinci, kubalulekile ukuba wenze isakhelo ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwexesha elide kunye nobunzima. Ngeenjongo ezinjalo, i-lhale yamalula elula iya kufumana - imifanekiso iya kuba yiphila, imbala kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Ukuba ufuna ezinye kwiifoto, unokuthenga i-lens portrait. Ezinye iilensi zeekhamera ze-SLR azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo ekhaya.
Unokukhetha njani i-lens yokudutshulwa kwesithombe?
Khetha i-lens portrait ayinzima, kwaye kukho izicombululo ezimbini. Ikhetho lokuqala kukufumana i-lens ngobude obude obujoliswe kwi-35 mm okanye i-50 mm (ukhetho lwesibini luyaziwa kakhulu). Ngomgangatho ophezulu weefayili, kungcono ukunyamekela inguqulelo 1.2 yeengqungquthela ze-L - imifanekiso iya kubonakala ngokubukhali obunzulu, imvelaphi enobungakanani obuhle kunye neengqungquthela ezibukhali. Imodeli engabizi kakhulu - 1.4, ekwavumela ukuba ujabulele ukufotowa kwezithombe.
Ingqungquthela yesibili yelensi yokudala ama-portraits amahle yile lens ene-focal length ye-24-70 mm, leyo ephezulu kwixabiso linika ubukhali obude kunye nemvelaphi ephazamisayo. Ngaphezulu le lensi yinto yokuba isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi-studio shot, i-disadvantage kwesi sixazululo kukuphazamiseka kwezithombe zokudubula ukusuka kude.
Unokukhetha njani i-lens yesatriki?
Uphononongo lwezifundo luyahlukahluka, kwaye inkcukacha yokufotela, umzekelo, izitya, zihluke ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngezinto ezinkulu, ungasebenzisa lensi ekhankanyiweyo ngasentla ngo-24-70, izinto ezincinane kufuneka uthabathe kuphela ii-lens ezinkulu, ezidweba ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkcukacha.
Yiyiphi i-lens yokukhetha ukudubula kwevidiyo?
Ukubuza umbuzo, umzekelo, yiyiphi i-lens yokukhetha umtshato, abantu abaninzi bafuna "ukubulala iintaka ezimbini ngelitye elinye" ngesinye isithintelo kwaye uthathe i-lens ukudubula ividiyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukuba ungenzi oku, kuba i-video ukudubula kwikhamera yesibuko ngumsebenzi owongezelelweyo. Kuthethwa kakhulu malunga nokuba akukho msebenzi wevidiyo kwi-phototechnics yobungcali. Ukuba ufuna ukurekhoda ividyo kwikhamera, khetha iilensi ezinika ubunzulu obunzulu bendawo, kwaye ubeke ukulungiswa okuphezulu kwisethingi, ngaphandle koko ukutshintsha kugxininiso kuyonakalisa yonke into.
Yiyiphi i-lens yokukhetha indawo?
Ukufotola umhlaba, udla ukufuna ukudala ubuciko obuphezulu, ugqithise into enhle kakhulu kwindawo enobuncwane kwaye ube yinto ecacileyo. Eyona nto imnandi kakhulu imifanekiso enombono omkhulu wokubukela, kwaye oku kusebenza kuphela kunika i-lens-angle angle ekwazi ukumboza i-angle engaphezulu kunezinye iilensi.
Ukufumana umfanekiso oqhelekileyo wobugcisa, ungasebenzisa i-lens e-wide-angle lens, ebonisa ukuphazamiseka okhethekileyo ngokubonakalayo. Xa sikhetha i-lens ye-landscape, udidi lwamanani luleke ngokulinganayo - Iingqungquthela ze-L ziya kudala iifoto ezintle kakhulu, kodwa ixabiso layo aliyi kuhambelana nomntu wonke. Kodwa ngezinga elifanelekileyo lezakhono kunye nokugcina i-photoshop, uya kuneliseka kwaye ufikeleleke ngakumbi.
Yiyiphi i-lens engundoqo yokukhetha?
Ukuba sikhetha i-lens-angle angle, sibheka iilensi kunye nobude obude be-24 ukuya kuma-40 mm. I-lensi enjalo iya kwenza imfono ebonakalayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imbono, ebalulekileyo kwiifoto zemihlaba, ngaphakathi. Ii-lens-angle lenses zineentlobo ezimbini, kwaye nganye yazo inezinzuzo kunye neengxaki zayo.
- Ngexesha elide elijoliswe kuyo. Umgangatho wemifanekiso uza kuba ngcono, ngoko ixabiso liphezulu. Iilensi ezinjalo zineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo - akunakwenzeka ukuba uqikelele umfanekiso, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zithinteka kakhulu.
- Ngobungakanani obude obuphambili. Umgangatho wezithombe uncitshiswe kangako, kodwa ukudibanisa okubalulekileyo kukukwazi ukuzisa indawo yokudubula.
Kukho omnye umqathango obalulekileyo - kukho i-lens-angle lens kunye nesigxina esitshintshayo. Ukuba inani elingu-F libhalwa kwilensi, ngoko ke ixabiso lokukhutshwa lichongiwe, kodwa ukuba iinombolo ezimbini zeF - isango singalungiswa. Ezantsi le xabiso, ngcono iifoto zakho ziya kuba.