Kukho i-anecdote ngesihloko sokucwangcisa ngesondo somntwana, xa owesifazane okhulelweyo, ebuza ukuba ngubani, uphendula athi: "Enye yeebini: nokuba intombazana okanye inkwenkwe". Enyanisweni, kukho iindlela ezimbini kuphela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kubaluleke kakhulu kubazali ukuba izilindele zabo zihambelane neyinyani. Njengomgaqo, inxalenye enkulu inxulumene nokucwangciswa kwonyana, oye wahlala ecingelwa ukuqhubeka kwentsapho kunye nefayili. Ngoko ke, kwiintsapho apho intombazana zizalwa emva komnye, abazali bahlala bekhathazekile ngombuzo othi "njani ukukhulelwa umntwana ngokuchanekileyo?".
Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukubambelela kwiimpawu ezikhethekileyo, ukutya, ukusetyenziswa kwezithuba ezithile ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo sele ziindlela endleleni yokucwangcisa inkwenkwana. Ukufunda amava okhokho, kunokugqitywa ukuba ezinye iimali zokuphunyezwa kwelo njongo ziye zabonakala zisebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ukuchumisa isenzo esisodwa semvelo, ngexesha apho iqanda likhetha ngokukhethekileyo i-sperm ene-chromosomes yesigxina engapheliyo, akukho nto ikholelwa ukuba into engaphandle ingathonya ukukhetha kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeempumelelo zanamhlanje zonyango, kungenzeka ukuba i-IVF (Ukongezwa okuKongezelelweyo kweeNgqungquthela ze-Corpuscular) yenzeke, indlela yokusombulula umbuzo othi: "Unokuzibamba njani ngokuchanekileyo inkwenkwe?".
Yintoni enokuyenza ukuze ukhulelwe umntwana?
Akukho ndlela, ngaphandle kwe-IVF, iqinisekisa ukuba ngenxa yesicelo sayo le nkwenkwe iya kukhwa, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukwandisa amathuba okule mcimbi ngoncedo:
- Ukutya okukhethekileyo. Ungacwangcisa njani inkwenkwe ngokuguqula isantya ngaphambi kokukhulelwa? Iiveki ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi komzuzu olindelekileyo wokukhulelwa, kuyimfuneko ukucebisa imenyu yabasetyhini kunye nemveliso efana nalezi: iziqhamo, imihla, i-cherry, iifatate, amakhowa, iilentile. Ukongezelela, kucetyiswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa komvuzo wesaladi, iklabishi, i-cocoa, i-nut kunye nemveliso yobisi.
- Ukucwangcisa umhla wokukhulelwa. Ngeyiphi intsuku kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe inkwenkwe, inqunywe yimpawu zentshukumo kunye nexesha lokusebenza kwe-spermatozoa. Ekubeni i-spermatozoa ephethe izinto eziphathekayo ekuzalweni kwenkwenkwe yasebenza kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala, isenzo sesondo kufuneka sicetywe ngosuku lokuhamba. Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo xa unokukhulelwa kwinkwenkwe.
- Itafile yokucwangcisa phantsi kweShayina. Esi sikimu sakhiwa ngokuqwalasela iminyaka yobudala bomama (inyanga nomnyaka wokuzalwa) kunye nenyanga eqikelelwayo yokuzalwa komntwana. Inceda ekufumaneni ukuba yintoni inyanga yokufumana umfana ophezulu.
- Ucwangciso lomgangatho ngegazi. Xa kulungele ukukhulelwa kwinkwenkwana, kunceda ukuqonda indlela yokubala ukuvuselelwa kwegazi. Kukholelwa ukuba igazi lomfazi lihlaziywa rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu, kunye nangemva kokubeletha kunye nokuhlinzwa. Kwamadoda - yonke iminyaka emine kunye nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwahlula kweminyaka yobudala yabazali ngamnye ngo-3 no-4, ngokulandelanayo, kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuzalelwa kokuzalwa komntwana wesini okanye enye, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani oza kuba nomphumo omkhulu ngenxa yokubala. Ngubani obani ngaphezu kwalolu nani, umntwana uza kuzalwa ngaloo ndlela. I-Rh inqaku elibi kwiqhinqa litshintshela umphumo olwahlukileyo.
- Iindlela zabantu. Ngokomzekelo, kwiRashiya yaseYurophu kwakukholelwa ukuba ukucwangcisa ngesondo lomntwana kuthinteka kukunyuka komnye wabazali. Xa kunzima ukukhathazeka ngumama
unyana wazalelwa, kwaye ukuba uyise wawa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kwakhe, emva kweenyanga ezili-9 intombi yazalwa.
Indlela yokukhulelwa ngamakhwenkwe amawele?
Ubunokwenzeka bokuzalwa kwamakhwenkwe amawele ngaphezu kwezo zibini ezinezibonelelo ezivela kwihlangothi. Oko kukuthi, kwi-genus, ixesha lokuzalwa kwamawele (ngokuqhelekileyo kwisizukulwana), phakathi koogogo-makhulu, oogogo, njl njl. Qinisekisa nje ukuba ukukhulelwa kwabo kunokuphela kweendlela ze-ECO.