Iinyanga ezi-5 kumntwana - into enokuyenza ngayo umntwana, nendlela yokuyihlaziya ngokuchanekileyo?

Xa umntwana ejika iminyaka engama-5 ubudala, kukho utshintsho oluninzi olwenzekayo kubomi bentsana kunye nommandla wakhe. Eli xesha lingaqwalaselwa njengesigaba sokuhlanganiswa nokuphuculwa kwezakhono ezifunyenweyo kunye nokuguquka kwendlela entsha yokuphila. Ukuhlakulela iimvuthu kwaye uqhubeke uhamba ngokuhambelana, abazali kufuneka bazi iziganeko zale minyaka yobudala.

Ukuphakama nobukhulu bomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-5

Esinye sezibonakaliso ezisemgangathweni zophuhliso lomzimba kunye nempilo yengane bubunzima bomzimba kunye nokukhula, ngoko ke ixabiso labo eliqhelekileyo (eliphakathi) linomdla kubo bonke abazali abanenkathalo. Ubunzima bomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-5 ngokuphindaphindiweyo kabini oko kubhalwe emva kokuzalwa. Okokuthi, ubunzima bunokuthathwa ukuba buphakathi kwe-6.1 no-7.8 kg yamantombazana kunye no-6.7 ukuya ku-8.4 kg kubafana. Ngokuphathelele ukukhula, amantombazana kufuneka abe malunga no-61.7-66.3 cm, kunye namakhwenkwe - 63.7-68.1 cm.

Ezinye iinguqu zenyama ziyabonakala:

• Umzimba uba ngumlinganiselo ophezulu, kwaye izihlunu ziba namandla ngakumbi;
• ukuvuthwa kwezakhiwo zamehlo ziyaqhubeka, ngenxa yokuba umntwana sele ebona izinto kumgama we-4-5 m, ukwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezincinci nezinto ezihamba ngokukhawuleza;
• kukho ukugcinwa okukhulu kwemali, ehambelana nokuza kusondela kunye nesidingo sokuhlambulula isigxina somlomo;
• phantse zonke iingcamango ezingenakuncedwa ziyacima.

Ukutya komntwana kwiinyanga ezi-5

Abazali abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba yintoni umntwana angayenza kwiinyanga ezi-5, indlela yokulungisa kakuhle ukutya kwakhe kule minyaka. Njengoko ngaphambili, isidlo esisisiseko somntwana sihlala lubisi lwebele okanye ifom yobisi echitshiweyo, kodwa kubantwana abathile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele kudingekile ukuzisa ukutya okuncedisayo. Oku kugqitywe ngabanye, kwaye udokotela wezingane, kwaye kungekhona unina, kufuneka azinze, anikwe iinkalo ezininzi:

• Ingakanani umntwana enesisindo kwiinyanga ezi-5;
• isondlo esingokwemvelo okanye sokufakelwa kwayo;
• indlela yokuphucula umzimba wayo ngokuchanekileyo ngayo;
• ingaba kukho imiqondiso ye-anemia okanye i-hypovitaminosis, intlungu yemathumbu.

Imenyu yomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-5 kwi-GW

Umntwana ophilileyo, osibeleyo, akacebisi ukuba afikelele kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Umama kufanele ahlale ejonge isondlo sabo, esifanele sibe sisigxina, iitithamini ezizityebi kunye neemaminerali, ukuze ubisi luhambelane neemfuno ze-biological zentsana. Ukunyanga komntwana kwiinyanga ezi-5 kunokufunwa ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukusilela kwesisindo, ukuguga ekuthuthukisweni komzimba okanye umama unobungozi obubi.

Njengomdla wokuqala "omdala", iingcali zicebisa ukunikela ngemveliso eyodwa - i-porridge (ilayisi, i-oats, i-buckwheat) okanye i-puree yemifuno (isikwashi, ithanga, ikholifulawa, i-broccoli). Kufuneka uqale nge-0.5-1 i-teaspoonful, ngokunyuka ukwandisa umthamo ukuya kwi-100-150 g kunye nokutshintsha i-lactation ngesondlo esisodwa. Kwezinye iimeko, ngesisindo somzimba osweleyo, iingcali zingancoma ukuba zingabikho ukutya okuncedisayo, kunye nokutya okuncedisayo kunye nomxube.

Ukutya komntwana nge-IV ezinyangeni ezi-5

Imenyu yengane kufuneka ixhaswe ngongoma kwiinyanga ezi-5 ukuba zibonakaliswe izibonakaliso ezilandelayo, ezibonisa ukuba ulungele ukwandisa ukutya:

• i-crumb igcina intloko kakuhle, ihlala ngaphandle kwenkxaso;
• kukho umdla ekudleni, abantu abadala abasebenzisa;
• inkunzi iyakuthabatha ukutya kwipuni, ayiyikuyikhupha.

Kubantu abakhethiweyo , i- cereal cereal okanye i-puree yemifuno ikhuthazwa njengokutya kokuqala . Kule meko, ukuba umntwana uphazamise ngokukhawuleza ukuqothulwa, kungcono ukuqala ngemifuno, kwaye ukuba isifo sohudo okanye ubunzima bubuncinci kakhulu, kunengqiqo ukuzisa i-porridge ekuqaleni. Ngokuphathelele ubuncinane bomntwana kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-5, kukho iindlela ezinokulinganisela: ukutya amaxesha ama-5-6 ngosuku, inani elidliwayo lokutya liyi-900-1000 g. Kanye kunye nokuqaliswa kokutya okuncedisayo, kucetyiswa ukuba unikeze iimvumba zamanzi - ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-50 ml ngosuku.

Urhulumente wabantwana kwiinyanga ezintlanu

Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana ezinyangeni ezi-5 uhambelana nombuso ofanayo kunye ngaphambili. Inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kwimihla ngemihla ikhuseleko lokusebenza, kubalulekile ekuphatheni ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokomoya. Amaxesha okuvuka, ngokuqhelekileyo, ama-2-2.5 iiyure phakathi kwekhefu ukubuyisela amandla. Ukutya - nganye iiyure ezingama-3-3.5. Ngentsasa emva kokuvuswa, kucetyiswa ukuba uchithe ixesha kwiinkqubo zokucoceka kunye ne-gymnastics. Ebudeni bemihla, ixesha elininzi kunokwenzeka lifanele lizinikele kwimidlalo, ekunxibelelaneni, ehamba. Ngaphambi kobusuku bokulala, kuya kuba luncedo ukuba uhlaziye kwaye uhlambe ebhahleni.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kule minyaka asikho isidingo sokumanyanisa ngokucacileyo imodi ukuya kwiwashi. Kubalulekile ukugcina isigqithiso sokuphumla esingaphantsi okanye esingaphantsi, umsebenzi wokutya, omele uhambelane ne-biorhyth yomntwana nonina, uhlangabezane neemfuno zomzimba zeziqhekeza. Ixesha lekusasa livuke kwaye lilale ebusuku liba ngabanye kwiintsapho.

Ingakanani umntwana alele kwiinyanga ezi-5?

Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ulele kwiiyure ezili-14 ukuya kwe-10, malunga ne-10 eziwa ebusuku. Ngethuba lemini, umntwana usenokulala kathathu ngamahora e-1.5-2. Iintsana ezibelethwe ekuqaleni kweli xesha zingasiphakamisa izihlandlo ezimbalwa ebusuku, zisetyenziswe kwisifuba, kodwa zisondele kwiinyanga ezintandathu ubudala, abaninzi abantwana balala nzima ngobusuku bonke.

Umntwana akalala kakuhle kwiinyanga ezi-5

Ukulala ngokuzeleyo komntwana, ngokukhethekileyo ubusuku, kubaluleke kakhulu kuphela kumzimba, kodwa nangenxa yomsebenzi wengqondo. Ngoxa umntwana elele, zonke iinkcukacha ezithe zafunyanwa zihlaziywa, ziyalwe kwaye zitshiswa, i-hormone yokukhula ikhiqizwa, kunye nezibonelelo zamandla ziqokelelwa. Ukuba umntwana oneminyaka ezintlanu uhlala evuka ebusuku, kunokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwakhe, imeko yesimo senzwa, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukufumana izizathu kunye nokulungelelanisa ukulala komntwana. Izinto ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukuba uneminyaka engama-5 ubudala kumntwana, unokuthi:

• i-microclimate engavumelekanga kwigumbi lokulala (umoya omile, ukuhamba);
• iingubo eziphazamisayo, i- diapers , zifudumala ingubo;
• ukusika kwamazinyo okuqala;
• ukudibanisa kwendoda ;
• izifo zokutya;
• indlala.

Ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana kwiinyanga ezi-5

Injabulo yangempela kukubona indlela umntwana ekhula ngayo kwiinyanga ezi-5. Sekudlulileyo kule nkqubela uba ngumhlanganyeli ngokugcwele kuyo yonke into eyenzeka ngeenxa zonke, ukusebenzisana namalungu entsapho. Akukhuselekile kwi-crumb ukushiya enye ixesha elide, njengoko ukuhamba kwayo kusebenza ngakumbi. Indawo efanelekileyo kakhulu kuye yipakethe okanye ingubo ebhengeza phantsi apho angakwazi ukuphucula izakhono zakhe aze afunde yonke into ejikelezile. Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga noko umntwana angakwenza kwiinyanga ezi-5, siya kuqwalasela.

Yintoni umntwana angayenza ezinyangeni ezi-5?

Siza kubhala zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana abe nako ukwenza ezinyangeni ezi-5:

• kuhlala kunye nenkxaso kumqolo okanye kokubili kokuphatha;
• Nqamanisa imilenze, ukuba uyithatha phantsi kweempondo zakho uze uyibeke ezinyaweni zakho phezu kobunzima;
• ukuphakamisa amanxeba kunye nentloko, elele emhlane wakhe, kwaye elele esisu sakhe - ukuphakama, ukuxhomekeka kwiingqungquthela kunye neengaphambili;
• ujikeleze ecaleni, ukusuka esiswini ukuya ngasemva;
• uzama ukunqumla (elele esiswini sakhe, umntwana uqhube umzimba phambili, ucingisise);
• ubambe izinto ngezandla uze uzibambe, ushiye kwi-handle eyodwa ukuya kwenye;
• ukugubha kunye nokuhamba, ukucacisa ngokucacileyo izikhalazo (kunye "intetho" inemibala engqondweni);
• misela umthombo wesandi kwaye usabele ngayo;
• ukuqaphela abantu abavame ukubonwa.

Indlela yokukhulisa umntwana ezinyangeni ezi-5?

Umntwana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ophuhliso lwakhe kufuneka lwenzeke ngokuhambelana ngokutsha kunye nemidlalo, ngexesha lokuvusa aliphosi ithuba lokufunda nokufunda into entsha, kwaye ngumthwalo wemfanelo wabazali ukukhuthaza izifiso zomntwana. Ngoko, umntu akanakudimazeka xa ethatha ipenki okanye imilenze, amathoyizi ahlukeneyo (nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba aphephile). Ukongezelela, xa iinyanga ezi-5 zomntwana, ngokuphuhliso olubanzi, abazali bafuna:

1. Bonisa izinto ezikujikelezayo, uzibiza ngokuba (kungekhona nje kuphela ezikufuphi, kodwa nakwiindawo ezikude).
2. Khuthaza i-crumb ukuba ithathe amathoyizi ebudeni obude xa elele esiswini sakhe.
3. Ukukhuthaza ukukhahlela, ukufaka endaweni yemilenze yesandla somfana, apho angashenxisa khona.
4. Ukuqhelanisa intsingiselo yamagama athi "kwi", "thabatha", uhamba nabo kunye nempawu efanelekileyo.
5. Funda iincwadi ezincinci, ngokuqinisekileyo unike ithuba lokujonga imifanekiso enemibala, thintela.

Izifundo kunye nosana ezinyangeni ezi-5

Nsuku zonke kunconywa ukuba unike ixesha lokudlala imidlalo yeentsana ezi-5. Iimidlalo ezinomdla ziyiluncedo kwaye zi luncedo kulo nyaka: "Iqhwaba elinamahlanu", "Ladushki", "Sasiba neelune" kunye nokunye okunjalo. Ukongeza, ungadlala nomntwana kumdlalo othi "Fihla kwaye Ufune", usebenzisa ukuhluka kwaso: ukuvala amehlo akho ngamehlo akho, ukuvala amehlo wengane, ukufihla ubuso bakho ngasemva kwesihlwele, ukufihla emva kwefenitshala, ukufihla amathoyizi phantsi kwengubo kunye nokunye. Kule meko, kufuneka ucele umntwana: "Ndiphi na?", Kwaye, ukubonisa, uthi: "Ku-ku!".

Akuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana uneminyaka engama-5 ubudala, dlala naye kuyo nayiphi na imidlalo efanelekileyo. Into ephambili kukuba uhlale unxibelelana kunye ne-crumb, ujika nayiphi na inyathelo kumsebenzi ophuhlisayo: ukondla, utshintshe i-diaper, iinkqubo zokucoceka. Ukongeza kwintetho yonxibelelwano, udibaniso olunxibelelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kule minyaka, ingakumbi kumama. Ngako oko, kucetyiswa ukuba uyigqoke rhoqo kwizandla zakho (okanye kwi-sling), ukwenza umsebenzi wendlu olula, udansa nomntwana.

Amathoyizi abantwana kwiinyanga ezi-5

Abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo ukuba umntwana unokunikwa umdlalo kwiinyanga ezi-5, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Kunconywe kule minyaka yimathoyizi eyenza ukuphuhlisa izakhono zezithuthi, ukuqonda okubonakalayo kunye nokubonakalayo:

• ukuphuhlisa amatye ;
• iibhola ezinkulu;
• zibuko;
• imidlalo yokudlala (i-rattles, pishchalki, iibell, i-xylophone, ipiyano);
• i-hammer-mantles;
• yula;
• ukubola;
• iincwadana ezinamaphepha athambileyo.

I-Gymnastics iintsana ezi-5

Abantwana kwiinyanga ezi-5 badinga ukuqeqeshwa kwe-gymnastics yemihla ngemihla, imisebenzi eyona nto eyiyo: ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezihambayo, ukulungelelanisa ithoni ye-muscle, ukuvuselela ukukhusela umzimba. I-Gymnastics kufuneka yenziwe ngentsasa, kwindawo efanelekileyo yomoya, ungasebenzisa umculo wesiqhelo. Ubungakanani benkqubo yokusebenzisa umzimba ngu-15-30 imizuzu. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezisebenzisekayo kumntwana kwiinyanga ezi-5:

1. Ukubeka iminwe yakho entendeni yesandla sakho, uphakamise uphinde uhlawule ngokubambisana kunye namacaleni, ukunyakaza kweseyhula, imithana, ukunyuka kwebala, ukunyakaza kwebhokisi.
2. Kwimeko emva, bhinqa imilenze yentsana emadolweni, iinyawo kwitafile (mgangatho). Ngenye indlela ungaguquki uze ugobe iinyawo ukuze iinyawo zingabikho.
3. Ukuzivocavoca "ibhasikidi" - ngelixa uguquguquka imilenze ifanele ifuthe isisu.
4. Ujika ukusuka emva kwisisu (kunye nokuvuselelwa kwengane ukuguqula ungasebenzisa amathoyizi).
5. Ukuzivocavoca "ukugwinya" - umthambo phantsi ukubeka umfana kwiintende zakhe, ngelixa kufuneka aguqe emva kwaye aphakamise intloko.
6. Ukubamba umntwana phantsi kweengalo, ngokuchukumisa ngeesokisi zomhlaba onzima, ukuze adibanise nemilenze, njengokungathi uyadansa.