Isifo se-Hemolytic yintsana isifo esenzekayo xa igazi lomama kunye nomntwana lingavumelani. Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba umntwana uzuze i-antigens yegazi evela kubaba, kwaye egazini likaMama akakho ama-antigen anjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo sifana xa i-Rhesus antigen ingahambelani, kodwa ingaba ngumphumo wokungahambelani nezinye iintlobo zama-antigen.
Inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwesifo
Ukuphendula kwimiphumo ye-antigens yomntwana emzimbeni womama, izifo eziza kulwa la ma-antigen ziveliswa egazini lakhe. Ukungena ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-placental kwigazi lomntwana, iintsholongwane zibangelwa i-hemolysis (intshabalalo) ye-erythrocytes, ekhokelela ekuphazamiseni i-bilirubin metabolism. Le meko igxininiswa kukungakhangeli kwesimiso se-enzymatic yesibindi kumntwana, ongasakwazi ukudlulisela i-bilirubin engabonakaliyo ngqo kwi-kidneys. Ama-antibodies angama-maternal angangena kwi-placenta kabini ngexesha lokukhulelwa nangethuba lokubeleka.
Ubunzima besifo se-hemolytic yomntwana kunye nosana luxhomekeke kwiingaphi zamagciwane ezifunyenwe kumama egazini lomntwana, kunye nakwiimeko ezihlawulwayo zokugqibela. Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo singakhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala. Ubunokwenzeka bokuthi kwenzeke kwenyuka ngokukhulelwa okulandelayo, tk. kukho ukuqokelela kwamanqindi egazini likaMama.
Iifom ze-hemolytic isifo seentsana
Ukuba umntwana akafi e-utero, ngoko uzalelwe ngesinye sezifo zesifo:
- egazini;
- ezihle;
- icteric.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ze-hemolytic ze-fetus kunye nosana olutsha: i-normochromic anemia kunye nobukho be-erythrocyte ezincinci kwigazi kunye ne-hyperplasia (ukwanda) kwipeni kunye nesibindi.
Ifom ye-Anemic
Eyona ndlela elula kwiintlobo ezintathu zesifo esenzeka kwimeko yexeshana elifutshane kwinani elincinci le-antibodies kumntwana. Ukutshabalalisa i-erythrocytes ivela kwi-placenta. Xa usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa usenokubona i-pallor yolusu, i-jaundice ayikho. I-anemia ibonakalisa ekupheleni kweveki yokuqala yobomi.
Ifomu ye-Edema
Ifomu enzima kakhulu yesifo se-hemolytic yintsana, efuna unyango emva kwemizuzwana yokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ivela xa i-antibodies yamama emntwaneni iqhubeka ixesha elide. Kwi-utero, umntwana uhlala ekhona, kuba iimveliso zokuxilisa zidityaniswe ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwi-placenta. Umntwana uya kufana neemeko kwaye unemifanekiso eyongezelelweyo ye-hematopoiesis. Iingcongue ze-endocrine, isibindi kunye ne-spleen yanda kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-protein-forming work of the liver, unciphisa inani leprotheni egazini, kukho ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwamanzi amaninzi angaphantsi, ukuqokelela kwamanzi emzimbeni. Imiphumo yale fomu yesifo se-hemolytic yeintsana ibulale umntwana. Phantse bonke abantwana abazalwa ngokuphila bafa kwimimbalwa embalwa okanye iiyure.
Ifom yeJaundice
Ivela phantsi kweempembelelo zamanqindi omama emntwaneni, sele sele ulungele ukuvuthwa. Umntwana uzalwa ngexesha kunye nesisindo somzimba esifanelekileyo. Isifo se-Hemolytic siqala ngosuku lokuqala. Ngomso ulandele i-jaundice, eyanda ngokukhawuleza. Izitho zangaphakathi zanda ngobukhulu. Kukho ukwanda okunzulu kwinqanaba le-bilirubin, kukho iimpawu ze-bilirubin ukuxiliswa kunye nokuphazanyiswa kwenkqubo yesantya ephakathi: ininzi yeengcamango ziphukile, ukuhlanza nokuxubusha kubonakala, kwaye mhlawumbi ukuphuhliswa kwe-bilirubin engenasifo sezintso. Ngaphandle kwexesha elifanelekileyo nelichanekileyo unyango lwe-icteric yesifo se-hemolytic yeintsana, umntwana unokufa ngosuku lwesibini emva kokuzalwa. Abantwana abasindayo balala emva kwentlalo yophuhliso.
Unyango lwezifo ze-hemolytic zintsana
Ukunyangwa kwesifo se-hemolytic yeintsana kufuneka kufikeleleke kwaye kufike ngexesha, kubandakanywa:
- ukususwa kotywala ngexesha elifutshane kunokwenzeka;
- ukususwa kwee-antibodies ezivela emzimbeni womntwana, ezifaka isandla kwi-hemolysis ephezulu yamaseli obomvu;
- ukuphuculwa kwemeko esebenzayo yamalungu ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo, ngakumbi iinjongo kunye nesibindi.
Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokonyango ukutshatyalaliswa kwegazi ngexesha lokuqala.
I-Hemolytic isifo seentsana zilungele ukungaphathwa, kodwa ukusixwayisa. Njengoprophylaxis, ukulawulwa kwe-antiresus gamma-immunoglobulin kwintombazana ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana wokuqala, ukuxhatshazwa ngokubuyisela isikhumba esikhwameni kumyeni, ukupheliswa kwezisu, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala, kusetyenziswa. Abantwana bokuqala bazalwa bephilile.