Ekubeni umdiliya wokuqala walala, ngaphezu kweyure leminyaka elidlulileyo. Ngeli xesha, iindidi ezininzi kunye ne-hybridi ezinezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuchasana nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamagilebhisi ziye zavela, kodwa azizange zincinwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuphathelele izifo eziphambili zezidiliya kunye nezindlela zokusebenzisana nazo ungafunda kwinqaku lethu.
Izifo zamagilebhisi - i-anthracnose
Ifungus exhaphakileyo eMelika, eYurophu naseAsia, ebangelwa yiGloseosporium ampelophagum Sacc. Le fungus ibhetele kakhulu kwimimandla enemozulu efudumalayo kwaye ihlaziyekileyo, apho ngexesha elilodwa likwazi ukunikela malunga nezizukulwana ezingama-30 ze-spores. Ukusebenza kwayo kugcinwe iminyaka emi-5, ukuhlabalala emdiliyeni kunye namacembe awele. Kukho i-anthracnose ngendlela yebala elimnyama, elijikelezwe ngumda omhlophe kumagqabi, amahlumela kunye ne-inflorescences. Amabala kumahlumela aqhubekile abe zilonda, ezikhokelela ekumiseni komdiliya. I-inflorescences echaphazelekayo iyancipha ngaphandle kokwenza amajikijolo. Ukufudumala kweentshukumo kunye nezulu lezulu kwenza umonakalo we-anthracnose kumdiliya omncinci ongakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuvunwa ngokupheleleyo.
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Izifo zamagilebhisi - isikhumba
Ubuhlungu bamanga okanye isikhumba sisibetho sazo zonke izidiliya, ngaphandle kokunye, kuzo zonke iindawo zokuzalisa. Umlinganiselo wonakaliso obangelwa yi-mildew kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu zommandla-ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa kunye nomswakama, ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kuya kuba. Kuvela ngenxa yomsebenzi obalulekileyo wefungus uPlasmopara viticola Berl. kunye neToni. Kanye kunye ne-powdery mildew yangoku, i-mildew yinkokeli ebunzima, iwonakalisa zonke izitho eziluhlaza zezidiliya. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokutshatyalaliswa kwamagilebhisi kukubonakala kwinqabunga lamathambo amafutha ahlukeneyo, kunye nexesha elidlulayo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Amaqabunga achaphazelekayo amadiliya aqala ukukhanya okuphuzi, abunayo kwaye aphelelwe yisifo sesifo. Emva koko i-mildew isasazeka kwi-inflorescences kunye namaqoqo, okukhokelela ekuhleni nasekufeni.
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Izifo zamagilebhisi - oidium
Kanye kunye ne-mildew, i pow powy isikhutha okanye i-oidium, inokulimaza kakhulu kwizidiliya ehlabathini lonke. I-agent ye-oidium i-Uncinula necator uBurril, ebanjwe eYurophu evela kwilizwekazi laseMntla-Amerika. Uyakwazi ukufumana eso sifo ngokubonakala emdiliyeni weengqungquthela ekukhuleni kweentlobo, njengokungathi ziphophulwe ekugqibeleni ngokuthungca. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, le mpuphu emhlophe igqityiweyo kumacala omabini amaqabunga, kwaye i-lesion iya kudlulela kwii-inflorescences kunye namabhanki, okukhokelela ekufeni kwabo. Isizathu esichukumisayo sokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kukunyuka komdiliya.
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Ukulwa nezifo zamagilebhisi
Ukukhusela isidiliya kwizifo kusetyenziswa amanyathelo alandelayo:
- Ukulima okuchasene nezifo iintlobo kunye nemichiza.
- Ixesha elifanelekileyo elihlambulukileyo, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okulandelayo kwazo zonke izibonelelo ezichaphazelekayo zefungus.
- Ukunyanga rhoqo kweediliya kwizifo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-antitifungal agents.
Ukunyanga kwamagilebhisi kwizifo
Ukwelashwa ngokuphambili kwesidiliya kwizifo kuvela ngexesha apho amahlumela amancinane atyuliswa malunga ne-15-25 cm. Emva koko ukutshiza kuphinda kuphindwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe kunye nexesha apho amajikijolo afinyelele ubukhulu be-pea. Ezi zilandelayo zilungiselelwe ukutshiza:
- EStrobi;
- "UHorus" ;
- Anthracol;
- "Acrobat";
- "Ridomil";
- Kuproksat;
- "Thanos";
- Bordeaux umxube.
Unyango kufuneka lwenziwe kwimozulu eshushu kwaye eyomileyo, ngaphandle kokunyanzela izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uninzi lwamafungicides angentla luhambelana kakuhle kunye neinambuzane ezininzi, ezikuvumela ukuba unike isidiliya ngokukhuseleka kabini-kokubili kwi-fungi kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane.