I-pneumonia yemiphunga kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa - ukuvuvukala okusulelayo kwimizimba yamaphaphu - yenye yezifo ezixhaphakileyo kakhulu. Kunobungozi kunoma yimuphi umntwana, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwi-pneumonia ebantwini kwiintsana. Ngelishwa, amanani namhlanje anjengolu hlobo: i-pneumonia kwiintsana zizalwe kwi-1% yexesha elipheleleyo kunye ne-10-15% yabantwana abasanda kuzalwa.
Iintlobo kunye nezimbangela ze-pneumonia kwiintsana
Kwimichiza, iindidi ezilandelayo ze-pneumonia ziyahlukahlukana kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sesifo:
- Ukuzalwa komntwana osenyongweni (i-arhente yesikhombiso igxotha umntwana kumgca we-placenta evela kumama);
- i-intrauterine yangaphambi kokubeleka, ibangelwa zizifo ezifayo eziye zangena kwimiphunga ye-fetal kwi-amniotic fluid;
- ukungena kwe-intranatal, kwenzeka xa umntwana esedlula umbhobho wokuzala womama, osuleleke nge-microorganisms;
- isifo sengqondo sokubeleka, emva kokuba kuzalwa kwisibhedlele sokubeleka, kwisebe le-pathology ye-neonatal (okanye nosocomial), okanye ekhaya.
Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo ze-pneumonia ezisanda kuzalwa zi:
- ukusuleleka kwe-toxoplasmosis, i-listeriosis, i-rubella, i-herpes (kunye ne-pheneumental infnecental pneumonia insana);
- i-streptococci yamacandelo B kunye no-O, i-mycoplasmas ye-gestal, i-mycoplasmas ye-gestal, ne-hemophilic rod (ne-pneumonia yangaphambi kokubeletha kunye ne-intranatal);
- i-streptococcus iqela B, i-cytomegalovirus, i-chlamydia, i-fungi ye-Candida kunye ne-herpesvirus uhlobo II (kunye ne-pneumonia yangaphakathi kwe-intranatal);
- I-Klebsiella, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-intestinal yucca, i-proteas, i-staphylococci (nge-nosocomial aspiration pneumonia kwiintsana);
- ezixutywe ibhakteria-ibhakteria, i-virus-bacterial.
Ukufumana i-pneumonia ekhaya ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwimvelaphi yentsholongwane yentsholongwane yokuphefumula eyenziwa yi-adenovirus.
I-pneumonia yesibini, ebonakalayo okanye inkxalabo ye-sepsis, isifo se-aspiration, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa kwiintsana nge-streptococci, staphylococci okanye i-gram-negative flora.
Iimpawu ze-pneumonia kwiintsana
Izibonakaliso zenyumoniya kwintsana xa usulele unyango lwangaphakathi lwamayeza luza kufumana nangaphambi kokuba lukhuphe, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo iimpawu zokuqala ze-pneumonia ziqala ukuvela emva kokuzalwa komntwana.
Ukuba umama nomntwana bakhutshwa ekhaya, ngenyanga yokuqala kufuneka bahambisane nogqirha ukuze baxhaswe. Uya kukhathalela imeko yengane, kwaye kufuneka akhulume ngazo zonke iimpawu eziphazamisayo, umzekelo, malunga nokunyuka komntwana, ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nesigxina samanzi, ukulahlwa kwebele, ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza xa usana.
Ukuba umntwana unomkhuhlane, ungalindelanga omnye ugqirha ukuba eze. Ukubiza ngokukhawuleza i-ambulensi. Ukhuhlane kwiintsana lunokuba lubulali, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza ukukhwehlela. Kwakhona, qaphela ukubonakala kokukhupha kwimpumlo kumntwana kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane. Ukuphefumula kufutshane kwiimpawu ezinqabileyo ezinyaweni, ebusweni nasezandleni. Umntwana ogulayo unokubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwe-diaper rash.
Ukwesaba ukudlula i-pneumonia kumntwana akuyimfuneko, ngokwenene izibonakaliso zokugula okanye izifo azivumi ukuvela ngaphandle kokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Kwaye kufuneka ilinganiswe ngezikhathi ngezizathu zokuthintela.
Ugqirha, ohlala ehlola kwaye ephulaphule umntwana, unokufumana lula umbane.
Yiyiphi inyango echazwe yiphunga lokuzalwa kwintsana?
Iintsholongwane ze-antibiotic zendlela ezininzi zihlala zisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-pneumonia. Umntwana ufuna ukunakekelwa ngononophelo ukuphepha ukugqithisa nokugqithisa. Kubalulekile ukubeka ucoceko kwesikhumba sakhe, ngokuqhelekileyo utshintshe isikhundla somzimba wakhe, ukondla kuphela uphondo okanye usebenzisa iphenyo. Ukusebenzisa isifuba sesana olugulayo, oogqirha baya kuvunyelwa kuphela xa kusemgangathweni, oko kukuthi, ukunyamalala kokunxila kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula.
Ukongezelela kwezi zonyango, i-physiotherapy (i-microwave kunye ne-electrophoresis), ii-vithamini C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B15, ukusetyenziswa kwe-immunoglobulins, isardadi kunye nokutshisa okutshisa kabini ngosuku, ukunyuswa kweplasma yegazi kumiselwe.
Iziphumo ze-pneumonia kwiintsana
Abantwana abanesifo sesifo sobhubhane (ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia ebantwini) bayaxhomekeka kwizifo eziphindaphindiweyo. Emva kokukhutshwa kwabo kufuneka baqhutywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo izifundo zonyango lwe-vitamin, banike i-bioregulators (i-aloe ne-eleutterococcus) kwiinyanga ezili-3-4. Kwaye ngonyaka ongama-1 umntwana uya kuba phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango.