Igazi linomxholo omkhulu wezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo siva ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-leukocytes, iplatelet. Baxelelwa ngabo ngabo ngexesha lokufunda nge-anatomy. Enyanisweni, kwikhosi yesikolo, kukho into ekhankanywe kokubili malunga ne-ALT kunye ne-AST, kunye nomgangatho wabo kubafazi. Kodwa, njengommiselo, olu lwazi luhamba ngokukhuselekileyo ngeendlebe kwaye lulibalekile.
Isiqhelo se-ALT kunye ne-AST egazini labesetyhini
Ezi zinto zivela kwiqela leenzyme. I-AST-aspartate aminotransferase-icandelo legazi, eliququzelela ukuhamba kwe-amino acid aspartate kwi-biomolecule enye ukuya kwenye. I-ALT - alanine aminotranserase - iyin enzyme eyenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuthutha i-alanine. Bobabini ukuba, kunye nezinye izinto zenziwe nge-intracellularly kwaye igazi lifumana inani elincinci.
Ngokweziko, i-ALT egazini labesetyhini akufanele ibe ngaphezu kweeyunithi ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-32 nganye ngeyure. Kwaye inani le-ASTs lingahluka ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-40. Ukuba izalathisi ziyahluka ukusuka kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo ukuya kumlinganiselo omkhulu okanye ngaphantsi, ngoko umzimba uya kutshintsha. Kwaye ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayingozi, kucetyiswa ukuba ufune iingcebiso zengcali.
Ziziphi iimpazamo ze-AST ne-ALT eziqhelekileyo ekuhlalutyweni kwegazi?
Inani elincinci le-enzymes lingatshintsha kwakhona kumzimba womntu onempilo. Impembelelo kulo:
- ukunyanzelisa umzimba;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lamachiza anamandla (amayeza, ama-barbiturates, izidakamizwa zamachiza, izidakamizwa, ukukhulelwa kwe-hormone);
- nzakala;
- kungekudala ngaphambi kokusebenza.
Ngokugqithiseleyo i-ALT idlulele kwisiqhelo kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Ukuphambuka akuqwalaselwe njengento, kwaye akubonakali sisifo.
Isizathu esibalulekileyo sishintsho kwimvelaphi ye-hormonal. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinga leenzyme zibuyela ngokukhawuleza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Okubalulekileyo kukuphambuka, kwamashumi, nangamakhulu amaxesha ahluke kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwe-ALT ne-AST, iinkalo zi:- Ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo umgangatho we-alanine aminotransferase kwi-hepatitis. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yokuhlalutya kwi-ALT kunye ne-AST, uhlobo lwe-"A" luya kugqitywa kwiveki enye ngaphambi kokubonakala kweempawu zayo zokuqala.
- I-cirrhosis yesibindi - isifo siyimfihlo. Kwixesha elide iimpawu zakhe zingabonakali. Kwaye ukunyuka okukhawulezayo kweso sifo kubhalwe ngosuku olulandelayo olubi. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukukhathala kukunyamezela, kuyafuneka kakhulu ukupasa igazi. Umgangatho we-alanine aminotransferase uza kubonisa ukuba kukho naziphi na izizathu zokukhathazeka.
- Ukugqithisa isiqhelo se-ALT kunye ne-AST kuhlalutyo kungabonisa ukuba i-myocardial infarction. Esi sifo sibheka kwimvelaphi yokuphazamiseka kwimijikelezo kwaye sibonakala ngokufa kwentliziyo yesisu.
- I-Mononucleosis nayo inokumiselwa kwinani leenzyme. Esi sisifo sesigulo esithathelwanayo, apho kungekhona kuphela ukutshintsha kwegazi, kodwa ukuchithwa kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen kuyabonwa.
- Ukubonakalisa ukwanda kwexabiso le-ALT kunye ne-AST kunokuba malunga ne-steatosis, isifo apho iifom zeoli ziqokelela kwisibindi ngobuninzi.
Ukuze uhlalutye ukubonisa umfanekiso othembekileyo, ngaphambi kokuzinikela omnye akufanele atye ukutya okunzima, utshwala. Ukuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza, ugqirha kufuneka anikezelwe ngolu hlobo.
ALT kunye ne-AST ngezantsi
Ngokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza kwi-aspartate aminotransferase kunye ne-alanine aminotranserases, iingcali zidibana ngokuthe rhoqo. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo yilapho:
- umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi;
- Ukungabikho kwe- vitamin B6 emzimbeni.