I-Smear kwi-cytology ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukunika rhoqo abafazi abanamaqela amaninzi eentlobano zesini, sele beqale ukulala ngesondo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18, baye banciphisa amandla omzimba.
I-Technique ekuthathe i-smear
Kukho ukulungiswa kokubamba ukunyuka, okuvumela ukuba uthole iziphumo ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngaloo ndlela, i-smear yesi sifundo ayithathwanga ngaphambilana nangosuku lwesihlanu lomjikelezo wesini. Kwakhona akukho ngaphantsi kweentsuku omele ukhiphe ngaphandle kokuthandana ngokwesondo, ukungena kwezilwanyana kwisini, ukulingana. Musa ukuchukumisa ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-2 ngaphambi kokutyelela ugqirha.
I-cytological smear ithathwa ngethambo elikhethekileyo elinomgangatho ovalwe. Iiselingi zokuhlalutya kufuneka zithathwe kwi-junction ye-epithelium yiplatili kunye ne-cylindric (indawo yenguqu), ize isasazwe kwi-slide. Ummandla wenguqu ngokuqhelekileyo uhambelana nommandla wengqumbo yangaphandle, kodwa ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala kunye ne-hormonal balance. Le ndawo isabizwa ngokuba yi-epithelium yenguqu. Ukukhethwa okuchanekileyo kwe-epithelium yentsingiselo kwi-smear kubalulekile kuba inkqubo enobungozi iqalisa ngamacandelwana angaphantsi kwe-epithelium yesibeleko kwaye iqhubela phambili, phezulu. Ukuba kuphela ugcino lomhlaba luya kwi-smear, ngoko ukuxilongwa kuya kuchaneka kuphela kwisigaba sokugqibela sesifo somhlaza.
Uphando
Umlomo wesibeleko kunye nesisini sokulala kwisisu, esibizwa ngokuba yi-flat epithelium. Ezi zicubu zenza umsebenzi okhuselekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kumfazi ophilileyo, i-epithelium kwi-smear kufuneka ibonise. Ukuba ayikho okanye ikhona kwisixa esincinci, oku kungabonisa ukungabikho kwe-estrogens okanye i-atrophy yamaseli e-epithelial.
I-epithelium yeplatiliyo kwi-smear kufuneka imelwe yilolu hlobo lweseli: iiseli zobungqimba bomhlaba, iiseli zobume obuphakathi, kunye neeseli zesiseko se-basal-parabasal. Ukubunjwa kweeseli kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwisigaba somjikelezo wesini. Kubasetyhini beminyaka yobudala, i-epithelium yiplatili isoloko ivuselelwa kwakhona kwaye ithathelwe indawo ngokutsha kwintsuku yeeseli nganye iintsuku ezi-4-5.
Iziphumo zeSmear
Isiqhelo seeseli ze-epithelium yeplatiliyo kwi-smear yabasetyhini zivela kwiiyunithi ezi-3 ukuya kwi-15 kummandla wombono. Ukuba kukho i-epithelium eninzi kwi-smear, oku kungabonisa ukuvuvukala ngokukrakra okanye inkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa esanda kutshatyalaliswa (ukuvuvukala kubonakala ngokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezisebenzayo).
Ukufunyanwa kwamaseli ahlaselekileyo (utshintshile) akufanele kube yinto eqhelekileyo. Oku kungabonisa iqondo elingafaniyo le-dysplasia (kuxhomekeke kumonakalo weethambo), kwaye inani elikhulu libonisa umhlaza.
Inkqubo yokuphazamisa i-keratini ye-flat epithelium kwi-smear ngexesha lokufundwa kwe-cytological of the cervix inqunywe ngobunzima beeseli zamaseli ezinqamlekileyo zeethambo ze-flat epithelium.
Amagumbi e-epithelium eclindrical kwi-smear ngaphakathi kwemida yesiqhelo kufuneka ibekwe kumaqela amancinci, ngohlobo lwezakhiwo ze-honeycomb okanye ngohlobo lweemichilo. Kwakhona, kukho iiseli ezinqabileyo apho i-cytoplasm ixutywa nge-mucus. Ngamanye amaxesha i-granules yemfihlo iyatholakala kula maseli.
I-Ectopia yinto eyenziwa ngumzimba kwisibeleko sombele, apho ukufuduka kwe-epithelium engumjikelezo womhlaba kwenzeka khona, kufakwe endaweni ye-epithelium eplatili.