Ukulibaleka ngokwemvelo ngabantwana abachaphazelekayo ekuphazamiseni ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zengqondo ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Izingane ezilahlwa ngamagama - izizathu
Ukuzilahlwa kwengqondo kuba ngumphumo wokuphazamiseka kokuzalwa komntwana okanye ukufumana ingxaki ebuchosheni. Ukungabikho komzimba kubangelwa yimpembelelo yezinto ezinobungozi ebusweni esiswini. Kungaba:
- ukuxhatshazwa, ukudakwa, ukusela utywala komama;
- ukungabikho kokutya okunokulinganisela kumfazi okhulelweyo;
- usulelo lwe-intrauterine;
- ukukhathazeka kwe-hormonal kubafazi abakhulelweyo;
- umama ozayo wamayeza e-teratogenic;
- ukungahambelani kweR Rh inkalo yomama kunye negazi lomntwana;
- imfuza.
Iipathologi ezifunyenweyo zengqondo zivela ngenxa yeziphumo eziyingozi ngexesha nangemva kokubeleka:
- ukulimala kombane kunye nokulimala komntwana ngexesha lokuzalwa;
- ukuyeka ukuphefumula, okanye i-asphyxia ekuzalweni komntwana;
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi (i-meningitis, i-poliomyelitis, i-encephalitis, i-influenza, isantya);
- izimo zentlalo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nokungabikho koqhagamshelwano.
Iimpawu zomntwana olahlwe ngengqondo
Ukulahlwa kwengqondo akusisifo, kodwa imeko yomntwana. Eyokuqala, kukho ukungabikho kophuhliso lwemisebenzi yengqondo. Ngoko, umzekelo, intetho yezingane ezilahlwa ngengqondo yinto encinci kwaye iphosakeleyo, isantya sokuyiqonda isantya. Ukwahlukana kwintetho yamagama ngokuphulaphulwa kwenzeka kungekudala. Isichazamazwi somntwana, ngokuchanekileyo, siphelele kakhulu kwaye asanele. Ngokubhekisele kwimemori yengqondo yabantwana abalahlwa yintliziyo, ityhafile kwaye isebenza ngokukhawuleza, ebonakalayo kwixesha elide lokufunda entsha. Bayakwazi ukukhumbula emva kokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa abantwana banokulibala ngokukhawuleza le ngcaciso, kwaye abanakukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokunzulu ulwazi olutholileyo. Iqondo eliphantsi lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yabantwana abalahlwa ngokwengqondo lidibene nokuphuhliswa kwentetho. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana uqokelela ukunikezelwa kweengcamango, ngoko ke uhlobo oluthile lokucinga luyabonakala. Ngoko, ukucinga ngomlomo, okufuna ukuba uhlalutyo, ukuvelisa, ukuthelekiswa, kuphuhliswa kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, imfundo yabantwana abalahlwa ngokwengqondo ingxaki: kunzima ukuba umntwana wesikolo afunde imithetho yesikolo, asebenzise, kwaye asombulule iingxaki zemathematika.
Ukuba sithetha nge-psychology yengqondo yabantwana abalahlwa ngokwengqondo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba bagcine utshintsho olubi kwiimvakalelo zabo: ukukhawuleza okuphezulu kudlalwa endaweni yokungabi nandaba. Kukho umnqweno obuthathaka kwihlabathi elibajikelezile, kwaye uqhagamshelana nezihlobo zenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Akukho mfuneko kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha noontanga. Kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabantwana abalahlwa ngokwengqondo kukho ukuphazamiseka, ukwethuka, ukungabikho kwamanyathelo, ukunyanzelisa nokukhawulelana kwemibonakalo yeengqondo.
Abantwana abanjalo bahlula ngamaqela amathathu:
- I-Debilits ibiza abantwana abaneegridi ezincinane zokubuya . Basenokuba baqeqeshwe kumaziko akhethekileyo, ekubeni iinkqubo eziphezulu zeengcamango zingaphuhliswa. Bafunda ngokubala, ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha.
- Imbeciles ibizwa ngokuba ngabantwana abaye bahlaselwa ngokwengqondo, abangenayo imisebenzi yokuzimela epheleleyo. Baziphambukisa intetho yabo, ngokungafanelekanga ukwakha izivakalisi. Ukufumana ezinye izakhono zasekhaya, kodwa zidinga ukulawulwa.
- Idiots ngabantwana abanokwehla kakhulu kwengqondo, abangakwazi ukuthetha intetho okanye ukuqonda omnye umntu. Ziyakwazi ukusabela kuphela kwi-stimuli yangaphandle, ngokuqinisekileyo ayihambanga kwaye kufuneka ihlale igadiwe.
Ukuhlalisana kwabantwana abasengqondweni
Ngelishwa, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kuyisiko lokuhlukanisa abantwana abalahlwe ngokwengqondo ekuphumleni kwabo bonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafunda kwaye baqeqeshwe kumaziko akhethekileyo, angabakhuthaza kubo umdla kubantu abakujikelezile. Enyanisweni, ukuphuhliswa komntwana olahlekelwe ngengqondo, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ukuhlala ekhaya, kuba ngoko ufuna ukuthetha nabanye abantu, ufunde izakhono eziyimfuneko, usebenze ngakumbi. Intetho yabo nokuqonda intetho yabanye ziphuculwe ngcono.