Iingcali zenzululwazi zihlala zifumana izinto ezintsha ezithe zaza zithandabuzwa ngolwazi oluye lucinga ukuba lunokuthenjwa. Uphando olutsha luye lwatshintsha ingcamango yobomi kwiLizwi eliPhezulu.
Abaninzi bayaqiniseka ukuba kwi-Stone Age abantu bahlala emaphandleni, bahamba ngeeklabhu baze baziphathe njengezilwanyana. Uphando lwangoku luye lwabonisa ukuba le ngcamango iyakhohlisa, kwaye uyakholelwa, izinto ezintsha ezithe zafunyanwa zingathandabuzeki ngolwazi oluchazwe kwizifundo zembali.
1. Ulwimi olubhaliweyo lwangaphambili
Izifundo zemimango yaseSpain neFransi zisekelwe ekuhlolisweni kweemifanekiso zerwalente. Abadumi beembali baye bafumanisa ixesha elide lohlobo lweTyard Age, kodwa aluzange lucwangciswe ngokucokisekileyo. Kwiindonga zamangcwaba phakathi kwemidwebo yebison, amahashe kunye nezinye izilwanyana, iimpawu ezincinane ezimelela into engabonakaliyo yafunyanwa.
Kuye kucetyiswa ukuba le yimilo ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo kwihlabathi. Kwiindonga malunga namakhulu amabini emingxondorha, abalinganiswa abangama-26 baphindaphindiwe kwaye ukuba bazimisele ukuhambisa ubuncinane ulwazi oluthe ngqo, ngoko sinokucinga ukuba le ncwadi yaqalwa emva kwale mihla. Enye into enomdla: ezininzi iimpawu ezifumaneka emaphandleni aseFransi ziphindaphindiwe kwimifanekiso yamandulo yaseAfrika.
2. Iimfazwe eziphazamisayo nezingenangqiqo
Abantu baye balwa nemfazwe kwanexesha elidlulileyo, kwaye loo ngqungquthela yomlando, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Massacre in Nataruka". Ngo-2012, e-Nataruk ngasenyakatho yeKenya, atholakala amathambo, ephuma emhlabathini. Uhlalutyo lwamagqabi lubonisa ukuba abantu babulawa. Enye yamathambo yayingumfazi okhulelwe oboshwe kwaye waphoswa elwandle. Kwasala abanye abantu abangama-27, phakathi kwabo babenabantwana abathandathu kunye nabasetyhini abaninzi. Baye baphule amathambo, kwaye kwakukho izixhobo ezihlukeneyo kuzo.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zicebise ingcaciso yokuba kutheni ukuqothulwa okunzima kokuhlawulelwa kwenzeka. Kukholelwa ukuba le ngxabano elula kwizinto eziphathekayo, kuba ngelo xesha le ntsimi yayivalwe, umlambo osondeleyo ugeleza, ngokubanzi, kwakukho konke okuyimfuneko ebomini obuhle. Okwangoku, i-"Massacre e-Naturok" ithathwa njengesikhumbuzo samandulo semfazwe.
3. Ukusasazeka kwesibetho
Izifundo zanamhlanje zamathambo ezindala, ezaqhutywa ngo-2017, zabonisa ukuba isibetho savela eYurophu nangethuba leCal Age. Isifo sisasazeka kwiindawo ezinkulu. Uphando luvumelekile ukufikelela kwisiphetho, ukuba, mhlawumbi, i-british yaziswa evela empuma (intsimi yamanje yaseRashiya ne-Ukraine).
Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuba isifo saso sasiyingozi kangakanani ngeli xesha, kodwa kunokucingwa ukuba abahlali abavela kwi-steppe bashiya amakhaya abo ngenxa yesi sifo esibi.
4. Iingqayi zewayini
Ngo-2016 no-2017 i-archeologists kwintsimi yaseGeorgia yanamhlanje ifumene iziqhekeza ezidityanisiweyo ukusuka ekupheleni kweTyard Age. Ukugqithwa kwakuyingxenye yeengqayi zobumba, emva koko i-tartaric acid yafunyanwa emva kohlalutyo. Oku kusivumela ukuba siqaphele into yokuba kwiinqanawa kwakukho iwayini. Iingcali zenzululwazi zithi idiza yamagilebhisi yajikeleza ngokwemvelo kwiindawo ezifudumele zaseGeorgia. Ukumisela umbala wesiselo, umbala weengcezu ezithe zafunyanwa zahlaziywa. Ukugubungela okomhlaza kukufakazela ukuba kumaxesha amandulo abantu babevelisa iwayini elimhlophe.
5. Umculo wovavanyo
Imbali isitshela ukuba izixhobo kwi-Stone Age zenziwe kunye nolwimi, kodwa uphando lwangoku luye lwachasisa le ngcaciso. Ngo-2017, izazinzulu zenze uvavanyo: iivolontiya zaboniswa ukuba zenze njani amathuluzi alula ukusuka kwintlambo kunye neendwangu, kunye neendlela zesebe.
Abantu bahlulwe ngamaqela amabini: enye inxalenye ilindile ividiyo ngezwi, kwaye yesibini-ngaphandle kwayo. Emva koko, abantu balala, kwaye umsebenzi wabo wengqondo wahlaziywa ngexesha langempela. Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ukuba utshintsho kolwazi aluhambelani nolwimi. La mabini maqela enza ngempumelelo iimpahla zeAceulean. Izazinzulu zafika kwisigqibo sokuba umculo wabonakala ngexesha elifanayo kunye nengqiqo yabantu.
6. Izixhobo ezininzi
Ngethuba lokucubungula ngo-2017, inani elikhulu lamatye afunyenwe kwaSirayeli, elaligcinwe ngokupheleleyo. Zadalwa malunga ne-0.5 yezigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo kwaye zaziyokwazi ukuxelela abaninzi malunga nabantu belo xesha.
Ngokomzekelo, abakhi bezitena baqhawula imida ye-Kremlin, ukufumana iifom zefomathi zefom. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba babesetyenziselwa ukusika izilwanyana nokumba ukutya. Le nkampu enkulu yahlala kwindawo enkulu, apho kwakukho umlambo, ubuninzi bezityalo kunye nokutya okuninzi.
7. Indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala
Ezinye izikolo ziyaqhubeka zixela kwizifundo zembali abantu abahlala kwi-Stone Age bahlala kuphela emaphandleni, kodwa iimvulo zabonisa okuchaseneyo. KwiNorway, iindawo zokuhlala ze-Stone Age zafunyanwa kwiindawo ezili-150 zedolophu. Izindonga ezenziwe ngamatye kubonisa ukuba kumaxesha amandulo abantu babehlala ezintenteni, ezenziwe ngezikhumba zezilwanyana, zixhunywe ngamacenge.
Kwixesha leMesolithiki, xa i-Ice Age yaqhubeka, abantu baqala ukwakha nokuhlala ezindlini zokumba. Ubukhulu bezinye izakhiwo zazikhulu kakhulu kwaye zafikelela kwiimitha ezi-40 zecra. m., kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba iintsapho ezininzi zazihlala kuzo kanyekanye. Kukho ubungqina bokuba abantu bazama ukugcina izakhiwo ezishiywe ngumnikazi wangaphambili.
8. Amayeza asekudala
Amazinyo ayesaba ukususela ekuqaleni, kuba abantu baphatha amazinyo abo malunga ne-13 000 leminyaka edlulileyo. Ubu bungqina bufunyenwe ezintabeni ezisenyakatho yeTuscany. Ngethuba lokucubungula, amazinyo aneendlela zemisebenzi yamazinyo afunyenwe-azaliswe ukuzaliswa kwamazinyo emazinyo. Kwi-koqweqwe lwawo, amathrekhi ashiywe ngesixhobo esicacileyo, esenziwe ngamatye.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu, zenziwe kwi-bitumen, zixutywe kunye neentambo zezityalo kunye neenwele. Kutheni umxube wongezwa izithako zokugqibela ezimbini, izazinzulu azikabi.
9. Ukuqwashiswa kwe-Inbreeding
Masiqale ngekota, apho siqonda khona uhlobo lwe-homogamy, oko kukuthi, ukuwela kweefom ezinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo eziphilayo. Oososayensi kuphela ngo-2017 bakwazi ukufumanisa iimpawu zokuqwashisa kwangaphambili kwe-inbreeding, oko kukuthi, umntu akanakunxulumana ngesondo kunye nezihlobo eziseduze.
E-Sungir ngethuba lokuthungwa, kwafunyanwa abantu amathambo amabini, afa eminyakeni engama-34 eyiminyaka edlulileyo. Uhlalutyo lofuzo lubonisa ukuba abanalo utshintsho lwekhowudi yemfuza, oku kuthetha ukuba abantu sele beza ngokuzikhethela ukukhetha umlingane wokuphila, kuba baqonda ukuba inzala kunye nezihlobo eziseduze zinemiphumo emibi.
Ukuba abantu bamandulo ngobudlelwane bezesondo bakhetha abantu ngokungaqhelekanga, ngoko kuya kuba nemiphumo yemfuza. Bafuna amaqabane kwezinye iintlanga, ezibonisa ukuba umtshato wawuhamba kunye nemibhiyozo, kwaye yile mitshato yokuqala yabantu.