Indlela efanelekileyo yokuvavanya imeko yempilo yabantu, ukuchonga izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kumanyathelo okuqala, uphando lwegazi lwebhubhoratri. Olu luhlaza lwezinto eziphilayo lubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza komzimba kunye nobukho beenkqubo zentsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukufunda uvavanyo lwegazi lweklinikhi - oku kubhaliweyo kufuneka kuhambelane nobudala kunye nesondo, kubasetyhini, kwizalathisi ezithile, umhla wexesha lokuya esikhathini.
Ukuqulunqwa kwemigaqo kunye nemigangatho yokuhlalutya kwegazi jikelele
Okokuqala, qwalasela inguqu engekho eyandisiweyo yocwaningo lwebhoratri oluchazwe, olubandakanya amaphuzu ayisiseko:
- Hemoglobin, HB. I-pigment ebomvu ye-erythrocytes, ejongene nokuthutha i-oksijini kunye nokuchitha i-carbon dioxide.
- I-Erythrocytes, i-RBC - yenzelwe ukuxhasa iinkqubo ze-oxydation eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni.
- CPU (uphawu lwebala), i-MCHC. Ibonisa umxholo obomvu we-pigment kwi-erythrocytes.
- Reticulocytes, RTC. Iiseli eziveliswa ngethambo lomongo. Ayivuthwa i-erythrocytes.
- Iiplateslet, i-PLT-ziyimfuneko kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuqhawula igazi.
- I-Leukocytes, iWBC. Ziyingqambela zegazi ezimhlophe, ezijongene nokuchonga nokukhusela ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic. Ipesenti yeentaba kunye neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ziboniswe ngokwahlukileyo.
- I-Lymphocytes, i-LYM. Iinjongo eziphambili ze-immunity, ezithintela ukunqandwa kwee-virus.
- Eosinophils, EOS. Eyilwe ukulwa neempembelelo , ukuhlasela kwamagciwane.
- Basophiles, BAS. Uxanduva lwazo zonke izimpembelelo ze-hypersensitivity kunye ne-histamine release.
- I-Monocytes (i-macrophages yamathambo), i-MON-intshabalalisa iiseli zamaseli ezinzondo, ukutshabalala kwesibindi, izicubu ezifile.
- Hematocrit, HTC. Ubonisa umlinganiselo wenani le-erythrocyte ukuya kumthamo opheleleyo we-plasma.
Kwakhona, xa kuthethwa uvavanyo lwegazi lwekliniki, i-ESR (ESR) okanye ireyiti ye-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte ibalwa. Le xabiso libonakaliso olungabonakaliyo lweenkqubo zokuvuvukala kunye nezinye izifo zenyama. Ukongezelela, utshintsho kwinqanaba le-ESR lungaba yindlela yokuqala yokufumanisa ubukho bokukhulelwa.
Ngexesha lokuqwalasela ukuhlolwa kwegazi lekliniki, iziphumo zesicatshulwa ngasinye zibalulekile xa kuthelekiswa nemimiselo evumelekileyo:
- I-HB - ukusuka ku-120 ukuya ku-140 g / l (abafazi), kunye no-130-160 g / l (owesilisa);
- I-RBC - 3.7-4,7 kwi-degrees ezili-12 ngeli-1 ilitha yegazi (abafazi), 4,5-5,1 (amadoda);
- MCHC - ukusuka kwi-0.85 ukuya kwi-1.15%;
- I-RTC - 0.2-1.2 kwi-degrees ezili-12 nge-1 ilitha yegazi;
- I-PLT - 180-320 kwi-degrees e-9 ngeli-1 ilitha yegazi;
- I-WBC - ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-9%. Ngelo xesha, i-stabbed yi-1-6%, inxalenye engama-47-72%;
- I-LYM - 18-40%;
- I-EOS - ukuya ku-5%;
- I-BAS - ingabi ngaphezu kwe-1%;
- MON - 2-9%;
- I-HTC - 39-49%;
- ESR - ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-15 mm / h (umgangatho wesibini), 1-10 mm / h (umgangatho wesilisa).
Ukunquma ukuhlolwa kwegazi klinikhi ekwandisiweyo
Kuphando olwandisiweyo uhlalutyo lwe-erythrocyte, i-platelet ne-leukocytes indices zenziwe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba:
- I-MCV ngumthamo ophakathi kwe-erythrocyte nganye (eqhelekileyo: 80-95 fl);
- MPV - ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lomthamo weplatelet (umgangatho: 7-10 fl).
Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswe:
- I-HGB / RBC - umxholo we-pigment obomvu kwi-erythrocyte;
- I-HGB / HCT yinkxalabo yesilinganiso (kwipesenti) ye-hemoglobin kwi-erythrocyte;
- I-RDW ububanzi bokusabalalisa onke amangqamuzana egazi obomvu.
Kukho ezinye iinkcazo ezinokuthi zifakwe kwi-test test yegazi, zizonke ezingama-25 zazo, kodwa ugqirha kufuneka aqinisekise ukufaneleka kunye nesimfuneko sokuzimisela kwabo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona ukuchazwa ngokuzimeleyo kweziphumo, umntu akafanele azame ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.