Ukuphuhliswa kokuqala kwabantwana - iindlela ezifanelekileyo

Umsebenzi oyintloko womzali ngamnye kukunyusa umntwana onoyolo kunye nokumnceda ukuba afumanise ikhona inokwenzeka. Kwiintsana ukususela ekuzalweni kunokhetho oluthile, izibonelelo kunye neetalente. Kubalulekile ukuba umama nobaba baxhase umntwana ekuhlaleni kwabo, ukuba bafundise indlela yokusebenzisana nehlabathi elijikelezile.

Izixhobo zokuphuhlisa abantwana abancinci

Ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yesantya yomntwana ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-3 iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kunomntu omdala. Ngeli thuba, umntu omncinci ufumana malunga ne-80% yolwazi, kunye ne-20% eseleyo - ebomini bakhe bonke. Kule nqanaba, ukubunjwa koxano lwe-neural kunye nokwakhiwa komlingiswa. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphuhliswa nokukhuliswa kwabantwana abancinci kubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yonke yokufundisa. Kwiinyanga ezingama-36 zokuqala ukususela ngexesha lokuzalwa, umntwana ufunda ezi zakhono ezilandelayo:

• intetho;
• imoto;
• bonwayo;
• tactile;
• eziphicothiweyo.

Uphuhliso olufanelekileyo lwabantwana abancinci lusebalulekileyo ekusekweni kwamanyathelo afanelekileyo asekuhlaleni nasekusebenziseni iimvakalelo. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza ufumanisa iimpawu zomntwana kunye namandla akhe, kulula ukuphakamisa ubuntu obuzeleyo nokuzimeleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungayifaki ingcinezelo kumntwana, uzama ukuqonda oko akulindelayo, kodwa umncede ukuba abonakalise izakhono kunye nezendalo.

Izindlela zokuphuhliswa kwangaphambili kwabantwana

Kukho iindlela ezininzi kwiinkalo ezicutshungulwayo, abaninzi beengcali zeengqondo kunye nootitshala abaphuhlisa iinkqubo ezizodwa zoqeqesho. Iindlela eziphambili zentuthuko yabantwana abancinci:

1. Montessori. Ingundoqo yemfundo kukuzimela ukuzimela komntwana. Umntwana ukhetha umsebenzi wakhe kunye nobude bakhe ngexesha lokuthanda, inzala kunye nomoya. Indima yabantu abadala kumgaqo ochazwe ngumcebisi ohlakaniphileyo kwaye ongenalwazi.
2. Doman. Utitshala ubonisa ukuba uqale ukuphuhliswa kwangaphambili kwabantwana emva kokuzalwa. Indlela yokuqeqesha inezigaba ezi-2 - ukubunjwa kweentlobo zengxowa ngezenzo zangaphambili (ukuhlala, ukukhahlela, ukuhamba) kunye nokusebenzisa ingqiqo ngoncedo lwamakhadi akhethekileyo. Uhlobo olunjalo luyi-technique ye-Zaitsev (ii cubes).
3. Steiner (Waldorf Pedagogy). Indlela yokwemvelo kwinkqubo yemfundo. Umgaqo osisiseko ngumfayili wokunyusa uqeqesho kumathuba omdala. Kukholelwa ukuba ukuya kwiminyaka engama-7, abantwana abanalo ukucinga okungabonakaliyo, ngoko abantwana bafunda ihlabathi ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, bedansa kunye nomculo, iindaba zomxholo kunye noqhagamshelwano. Ukubukela iTV, imidlalo yekhompyutheni, amathoyizi asefrijini ayifakiwe.
4. Lupan. Inguqu elula yendlela yeDoman. Ingundoqo yendlela ihamba ngokukhawuleza, uqeqesho luhlala luhlala kuyo yonke indawo. Abazali bakhuthazwa ukuba badibanise nomntwana ukususela kwimini yokuqala yokuzalwa kwabo. Kwixesha elizayo kuyimfuneko ukubeka imibhalo enobumba obukhulu malunga nezinto ezihambelanayo (isihlalo, isibuko, ikhabhinethi kunye neetafile). Ku luncedo ukuqamba amabali okanye iingxelo malunga nomntwana ngokwakhe, ukunamathisela iifoto zakhe kwiincwadi ezinjalo zasekhaya.
5. Ii Nikitins. Isikhundla esiphambili sendlela ivumelanisa ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nomzimba weemvuthu. Le ndlela yemfundo ifana nayo ne- Montessori yokufundisa, kodwa njengengxenye eyongezelelweyo kwimidlalo yemidlalo kunye nosana ifakiwe, imidlalo yokusebenza yangaphandle kunye nokuqina kanzima. Ukuqwalaselwa kunikezelwa ekudleni komntwana, okumele kube nokutya okulula kunye ne-vitamin-rich riches.

Ukuxilongwa kophuhliso lwabantwana abancinci

Ukuthabatha indlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa, kubalulekile ukuba uhlole okokuqala amandla akhe okuqala. Ukuphuhliswa kokuqala komntwana unyaka ufumana ezi zakhono ezilandelayo:

• qwalasela iipateni ezahlukileyo kunye nemifanekiso;
• ukuqonda imiqondiso ("ngelixa", "hhayi") kwaye uxelise;
• sabela kwizandi kunye namazwi, baxelise;
• ubambe kwaye ubambe izinto ngeeminwe yakho;
• impawu, ubuso obuso okanye izandi ezizama ukufumana oko zifuna.

Kwinkqubo yokukhula, ezi zakhono ziphuculwe kwaye zenze inkqubela phambili. Ukuphuhliswa kokuqala kwabantwana ukususela kwiminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu kubandakanya izinto ezinjalo:

• ukuhamba, ukuphepha izithintelo;
• bonisa imifanekiso okanye izinto, iinxalenye zomzimba;
• kufunda izinto, izilwanyana ngokudweba;
• khumbula imibala emininzi;
• ukudansa;
• ukwenza izenzo ngesicelo;
• ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezinkulu kunye ezincinane, zithule kwaye zizwakala;
• ukuba uzibonele kwisibuko, kwiifoto;
• xelisa izwi lezilwanyana;
• ukhethe iingubo zakho;
• ukuqonda amagama angaphezu kwama-100;
• ukubiza izinto, abantu, izilwanyana, iinxalenye zomzimba;
• uhlobo;
• xelela amabali;
• qo kelela iifoto;
• kucula.

Indlela yokuphuhlisa umntwana?

Iingcali zengqondo kunye nootitshala ababaniki imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nokukhethwa kweendlela zemfundo kunye nokuqina kwayo. Umntwana ophuhlisiwe uyonwabile kwaye uyonwabile, kunomdla kwaye kuyamnceda ukuba azi umhlaba ojikelezayo kwaye asebenzisane nezinto zalo. Akufanele uzame ukukhula kwe-indigo okanye ingqondo, yonke imbuzi inendlela yakhe yokukhula kunye nezindlela zokufumana ulwazi. Iingcali zicebisa ukuba zilandele ukuphendulwa kweemvumba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukukhetha iindlela ezintle kwaye zidibanise.

Ukuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kwabantwana abancinci

Into yokuqala into yokuba umntwana osana olusandul Oku kukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kubantwana abancinci. Ukunceda umntwana afunde izakhono eziyimfuneko kwaye aqinisekise ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo phakathi kweepropati zezinto ngokulula:

• ukuqwalasela ubuso bomntu;
• jolisa amathoyizi aqhathanisiweyo kunye neepowusta ngemifanekiso elula ehlukileyo kwi-crib;
• ukuthetha nomntwana, usebenzisa amagama athi "amakhulu", "phezulu", "amancinci", "aphantsi" kunye nokuthelekiswa okufanayo;
• bonisa imibala uze uyibize;
• ziquka umculo, izandi zokudlala kunye nokucula, i-rustle, iintsimbi zeendandatho;
• unikele ukuthinta iindawo ezihlukeneyo - ezinzima, ezithambileyo, ezinamathele, ezibandayo, ezinqabileyo nezifudumeleyo.

Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi kubantwana abancinci

Njengoko ekhula, ufunda ukuba ngumzimba wakhe, ngakumbi izandla zakhe neminwe. Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi kubantwana kwenziwa ngeendlela ezilula kakhulu:

• ukwenza ukusikwa kwezandla;
• unikele ngesikhwama seembotyi, irayisi okanye i-buckwheat, izinto ezinobuncwane;
• ukubandakanya "kwiminwe" imidlalo ;
• khuthaza ingcamango yokubamba, faka umunwe wakho kwisibamba uze ukhuphe;
• unike i-spoon ngelixa udla.

Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho yabantwana abaselula

Isigaba sokuqala sesigaba esichazwe ngumzekelo wabantu abajikelezileyo kunye nezandi. Musa ukucela iziqhekeza ukuba zitsho into ethile, kungcono ukuthetha nje naye kwinqanaba elidlulileyo. Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho yabantwana abancinci kulandelayo:

• apho, zitsala izandi zesandi (a, y, e);
• phinda izilwanyana (ma-ma-ma, ba-ba-ba, ewe-yebo-ewe);
• ukwenza ubuso, bekhangele nomntwana kwisibuko;
• unike umntwana ukuba aqhube kumkhwelo, umbhobho;
• bathethe ininzi kunye nosana, mxelele amabali kunye nemilolozo, nicule kunye.

Ukuphuhlisa ngokomzwelo abantwana abancinci

Uluhlu lweemvakalelo zezingane ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu lukhawuleza. Ukususela ebusaneni, umntwana ukhokelwa kuphela ngamaziko, ikakhulukazi ekusindeni, ngoko ukuphuculwa kwengqondo komntwana kwasebuncinaneni kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubazali. Ukwenza impendulo echanekileyo kumntwana, ukufaka kuye inceba, imfesane nezinye iimpawu ezilungileyo, ukufundisa uthando olunyanisekileyo, kubalulekile ukudala umoya ofanelekileyo kwintsapho. Ukuphuhliswa kokuqala kwabantwana kwindawo echaziweyo kufuna izinto ezilandelayo:

• udumise kwaye ukhuthaze;
• bonise ukufudumala kunye nesisa;
• bonisa uthando kumalungu entsapho;
• ukuphepha iingxabano;
• ukucela ukuxolelwa kwaye uchaze ukuba kutheni kuyimfuneko;
• ukunyamekela izilwanyana (ukuba zikhona);
• xelela ngexabiso lezinye iimvakalelo zabantu;
• kucacisa ukubaluleka kwesijeziso njengemfanelo yezenzo ezimbi.

Ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa bokuqala kwabantwana

Abazali bavame ukukhangela italente kumntwana kwaye babone ukuthambekela kwengqondo, bezama ukuzalisekisa amaphupha abo angabonakaliyo. Uphuhliso lwamaxesha okuqala lujolise ekuchonkeleni iimpawu zomntu okhethekileyo. Umntwana onqabileyo kufuneka avuselelwe ekudaleni, njengomntwana, phantse wonke umntu uthanda ukufunda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Umama noTata kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuqala komntwana, ukubonelela ngezinto ezifanelekileyo okanye izixhobo, nokuba kukho izinto ezininzi zokuzilibazisa. Kancinci, omncinci uya kukhetha umsebenzi onomdla kwaye uya kuphucula.

Ukuphuhliswa komzimba kubantwana abancinci

Le ngongoma ephikisanayo kunye nexikiswano ekukhulisweni kwezingane. Akukabonakalwanga ukuba ingqiqo kunye nophuhliso lomzimba lwabantwana luhlangene kakhulu, njengoko abanye ootitshala kunye neengqondo zengqondo (Doman, Nikitin) zikarhulumente. Abanye abazali bancedisa le ndlela, bakhuthaza umntwana ukuba ahlale phantsi kwiinyanga eziyi-3-4 aze ahambe ngeenyanga ezintandathu, kodwa ngamnye umntwana uyimfuneko, kwaye kufuneka aqhube ngokwamandla akhe.

Ukuphuhliswa okwenziwe kwangaphambili kwenyama kubonelelwa nguDkt. Komarovsky. Musa ukuvuselela okanye ukunciphisa umntwana. Umama noTata bafuna inkxaso kuphela xa i-crumb izama ukufunda izakhono ezintsha kunye nokukhusela, xa izenzo zakhe zisongela impilo yomntwana. Ukuxhasa isistim somzimba kunye nokubunjwa okufanelekileyo kwenyama esemncinci, kuyakunceda ukuqina, i-gymnastics kunye nokubhukuda ngakumbi.

Ukuphucula imidlalo yabantwana abaselula

Phantse zonke izakhono nolwazi olufunyanwa ngumntwana ngexesha lokuzonwabisa kunye noonxibelelwano nabazali kunye namanye amalungu entsapho. Ekukhuleni kwakhe kwindawo ebalulekileyo ibanjwa yimidlalo elula kubantwana bokuphuhliswa kwangaphambili:

• ladushki;
• emashumi amane;
• ku-ku;
• iibhere zihamba;
• njengoko uthi (inkomo, ikati, inja);
• ukuqagela isandi (apho, ukusukela phi);
• fumana ithoyilo;
• Bonisa umbala;
• ibhokhwe;
• intombi-omama kunye nokudlala indima efanayo.

Amathoyizi ezemfundo kubantwana abancinci

Uninzi lwezixhobo ezincedo zilula ukwenza ngokwakho - gcwalisa izikhwama zengubo kunye neebhotile okanye iibhola, yenza ibhanki ye-piggy ngaphandle kwebhokisi uze ufake iifowuni apho, gcoba i-mitten (umzekelo, kwi-sock). Unokuthenga amathoyizi emfundo omncinci:

• uhlazi ;
• idonki esinywe;
• ii cubes ;
• i-bisyboard ;
• labyrinth;
• iphazili;
• iikomityi;
• ipiramidi;
• ukuphoqa;
• isethi;
• umakhi;
• ibhola;
• iplastiki kunye nokunye.