Indlela kaMaria Montessori yenye yezona ndlela ezidumileyo kunye ezifanelekileyo zentsebenziswano yophuhliso lokuqala. Ebizwa emva komdali wayo, utitshala kunye nogqirha wezesayensi yezokwelapha, le nkqubo yoqeqesho yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1906 kwaye isusela ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi, ivumela iziphumo ezimangalisayo.
Imigaqo eyisiseko yeMontessori
Le ndlela isekelwe kwi-axiom yokuba wonke umntwana uhlukile kwaye ufuna indlela ekhethekileyo kwimfundo noqeqesho. Inkqubo yoqeqesho inamalungu amathathu: utitshala, umntwana kunye nendalo. Isekelwe kwimigaqo emithathu engundoqo:
- inkululeko enkulu yomntwana, ukhetho lweendlela kunye namazinga okuphuhlisa nokufunda;
- ukudala inkqubo yoqeqesho lomntu ngamnye;
- ukungenelela okuncinci kootitshala kunye nokungabi naso kolawulo lwendabuko oluqhelekileyo kwiziphumo zokufunda.
Uhlobo lukaMontessori lubukeka njani?
Ukuphuhlisa nokufundisa umntwana eMontessori, kufuneka uhlele indawo ejikelezileyo ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Igumbi lokufundela apho iiklasi zenzeka khona zahlula kwiindawo ezi-5 eziphathekayo, nganye ezaliswe zixhobo ezihambelanayo:
- Ummandla wobomi bo kwenene . Lapha inyana ifunda ukuzisebenzisa izenzo eziya kuba luncedo kuye ebomini - ukuhlamba, ukugcoba iimpahla, ukusika imifuno, ukucoca kunye naye, ukucoca izicathulo, ukudibanisa ama-shoelaces kunye neenkinobho ze-buttoning. Uqeqesho aluyilo, ngendlela edlala.
- Ummandla wezentlupheko kunye nophuhliso lwemoto . Iqokelela izinto zokwenza izinto, ezenzelwe ukufundisa umntwana ukuba ahlule imifanekiso ehlukeneyo, izixhobo, imilo kunye nemibala. Ngokufanayo, umbono, ukuva, imemori, ingqwalasela kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi ziya kuphuhlisa.
- Ummandla weemathematika udibanisa izinto, apho umntwana efundela ubungakanani bemeko. Ukongezelela, ekubeni kulo mmandla, uhlakulela ingqiqo, ingqwalasela, ukubambezeleka kunye nenkumbulo.
- Uluhlu lweelwimi luxhotywe ngendlela enokuthi umntwana afunde iileta, iilwimi, ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala.
- Ummandla wendawo uhlose ukuqhelana nehlabathi elijikelezile, izinto zendalo kunye neenkqubo.
Ukugqithiswa kobugcisa bokuqala bokukhula ku-Montessori kukhula, kwaye ootitshala bokudala bazama ukudibanisa imimandla emitsha yokuphuhliswa okuthe ngqo kwintsana, umzekelo, ummandla wobugcisa, imoto, indawo yomculo. Ukuba unqwenela, abazali banokuphinda bafunde kwakhona iklasi yeMontessori ekhaya, ukwahlula amakamelo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.
Izinto zobugcisa
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa iiklasi kunye nabantwana baseMontessori zenzelwe ukuqwalasela iimpawu ze-anthropological of children, kunye nexesha labo elibuhlungu, uMaria Montessori ngokwakhe ngokwakhe otyunjelwe uhlobo lomsebenzi okhokelayo kule minyaka. Ezi zinto zivelisa umdla wabantwana ekuqondeni, sebenzisa inkqubo yokuzithiba, ncedisa ukuququzelela ulwazi olufunyenwe ngaphandle. Kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa imoto kunye neengqondo, umntwana uhlakulela imimoya yokomoya, kunye nokuzimela kubantwana abaneMontessori izixhobo ezizilungiselele ubomi obunokusebenza kunye nokuzimeleyo.
Titshala waseMontessori
Umsebenzi oyintloko wootitshala kwindlela yokuphuhlisa abantwana yaseMontessori "ukuzinceda". Oko kukuthi, udala nje izimo zeeklasi kunye neamehlo ukusuka kwicala, ngelixa umntwana ekhetha oko aya kukwenza-ukuphuhlisa izakhono zasekhaya, izibalo, i-geography. Iphazamisa inkqubo kuphela xa umntwana engazi into enokuyenza ngayo ngezinto ezikhethiweyo azikhethileyo. Ngelo xesha, akafanele enze nantoni na, kodwa uchazela umntwana okoqobo kwaye abonise umzekelo omncinane womsebenzi.