Nabani na umntu kufuneka afunde indlela yokunyamekela ama-strawberries. Kunzima ukugqithisa iimpawu ezixabisekileyo zala majikijolo amangalisayo, aphakathi kwezilimo zokuqala zegadi. Kwimarike, babonakala ngaphambili, bakhangela ubukeka bezorhwebo kunye neqhumiso, kodwa kuphela iimveliso zasekhaya zingaba zi-100% ezifanelekileyo kwaye zikhuselekile.
Unokunyamekela njani ama-strawberries?
Ukuvuthwa kwemveliso yokuqala yentengiso yamajikijolo enomphunga kufike kwimimandla efudumele ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ixesha labalimi be-amateur ekuphunyezweni kokunyamekela ngokugcwele i-strawberries, naluphi na ukulibaziseka ngokuchumisa, ukuchelela okanye ezinye izinto ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni komgangatho wesityalo, kunokuchaphazela ukubonakala kweziqhamo ezinobusi. Amaziko ophando kunye nabanomdla abalula bahlala bexhala malunga nokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke abalimi beefama kunye namafama kufuneka aqonde kakuhle iimpawu zezihlahla ezifunyenweyo, iimpawu zabo eziphilayo.
Ukuba iintlobo ezindala zama-strawberries ekuhlaleni kunye nokukhathalela zahluke kancinci, ngoko isiqhamo samhlanje singachazwa yimpahla ekhethekileyo ehambelana nobude befruiting okanye ukukwazi ukubeka amajikijolo ngexesha leemivimbo emincinci. Kulabo bafuna ukusebenzisa le nkcubeko ngenjongo yokuzibongela, abathandi bokufumana isityalo esiphunga elimnandi kuze kube sekwindla ekwindla, unyaka wonke amanqaku amnandi athengiswayo.
I-Ampelic strawberry - ukunakekelwa nokulima
Inkalo ekhethekileyo yokunyamekela iintlobo ze-strawberry ampel yinto enokwenzeka ukuba i-fruiting yamanqabunga ngamasade. Ukuba uthengela iindidi ezilungiswayo kwihostela okanye i-greenhouse ekhulayo kakuhle phantsi kokukhanya okukhawulezileyo, uya kudla amajikijolo amnandi kwithuba elide kude kube sekuqaleni kwebusika ebusika. Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries ampel aneendlela ezininzi. Ikhulile ebhedeni, ngoncedo lwezandla ezixhasayo, ngohlobo lwezityalo zezimbali.
Ukuthembisa iintlobo zama-strawberries ama-ampel:
- Ukulungiswa,
- Finland,
- UElizabeth Elizabeth II,
- Alba,
- Geneva,
- Ukudla okunene eMoscow,
- Osatra,
- Elsanta.
I-curly strawberry-ukunakekelwa nokulima
Ngokubhekiselele kule sitrobheli, kukho iingcamango ezininzi kunye neengcamango ezinxulumene nokuthengiswa kwezinto ezininzi kwiintlobo zezityalo ezingabonakaliyo ezipapashwe ngokungazaliseki. Le nkcubeko ngokwemvelo yayo ayikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo amahlumela kunye nenkxaso efana ne-hops okanye amagilebhisi, ngoko ungakholelwa ngabagxeki. Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu kukunyamekela i-strawberries yokuloba kwibhedi elimele. Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu, iintlobo ze-ampel ezinokuthi zifikelele kwi-antennae eziyi-1.5 m.
Kuxhaswa kwebheki ayithinteki ngokubola, ekuphakameni kweziqhamo ayifumanekanga kwi-slugs, i-bushs ithatha indawo encinane. Kulula ukuyifaka kumbhobho okanye ipayipi yeplastiki egcwele umhlaba, ngeemingxuma ezijikelezileyo ukuya kwi-6 cm ububanzi bezityalo. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ityhubhu encinci yentsimbi kufuneka ibekwe ukunikezela ngamanzi. Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries kuhlelwe kakuhle elangeni kufuphi nomcingo okanye udongeni lwendlu, apha luya kuba ngumhlobiso ophezulu kakhulu wesayithi.
Iintlobo zee-strawberries ukwenzela ukubunjwa kwendlela:
- Sakhalin,
- Herzberg,
- Ada,
- San Rival,
- Ostara,
- Eros,
- Star Star 2002,
- Frapendula.
Ukunyamekela i-patch yeerberberries
Ngokungafaniyo neentlobo ngeqhamo elilodwa, isiqwenga se-strawberry sikwazi ukukholisa umlimi-mveliso kunye namajikijolo amabini okanye ngaphezulu konyaka. Oku kungenxa yokukwazi kwezi ntlobo ukubeka iifom zefruiting kwilanga elide okanye elingathathi hlangothi. Ukuba ukhathalela i-strawberries iyinto eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke iintlobo ezininzi zivelisa isivuno sokuqala ngoJulayi (ukuya kwi-40% yenani lama-berries), kwaye yesibini (ubuninzi) ngoSeptemba-Agasti.
Ukunyamekela i-strawberries patchwork inezixhobo. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye idinga ukutshintshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwezityalo rhoqo ngamaxesha ama-2-3, kwaneentaba ezinkulu ezinkulu zilahlekelwa zivuno zabo ngaphezu kweminyaka. Iimbewu ezintsha zinyuka ukusuka kumasitokiti ezityalo zowama, ukutshintshwa kwazo kuyenziwa ekupheleni konyaka ngaphambi kokufika kweqabunga. Kwishishini, indlela eyiyo yokujonga i-strawberries yokulungisa amabakala, akukho bunzima obukhulu. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kumjikelezo wokunyama wama-2-3 wokukhawuleza wokulima, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amajikijolo amaninzi ngexesha elifudumeleyo.
Iindidi zeerberberries ezihamba phambili:
- UElizabeth Elizabeth II,
- Isilingo,
- Monterey,
- IDayim,
- Ukudla okunene eMoscow,
- San Andreas,
- Evie 2,
- Albion.
Ukunyamekela kakuhle ama-strawberries
Inkcubeko emangalisayo neyigugu ingakhula phantse nayiphi na umhlaba, ngaphandle kweemvula kunye neesanti ezinomileyo. Iingcambu zentlambo zifumaneka kwindawo ephantsi engama-20 cm, amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba angaphezulu kwama-70 cm angawalimaza. Ukuba naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lwesityalo, umzekelo we-Giantella strawberries, xa uvumela ukuvelisa izivuno ezilungileyo kakhulu, kukulungele ukutshala kwibhede elihlukileyo okanye phakathi kwemigca engadini encinane.
Izindlela zokuvelisa ama-strawberries:
- Ukuzaliswa yimbewu yindlela ebunzima esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabafuyi. Ukulungele i-strawberries engenawo i-strawberries, ukulima kunye nokunyamekelwa kwayo ehambelana neziinkathazo. Imbewu ifumaneka kwiibroji ezicutshiwe, ezomileyo kunye nomhlaba.
- Ukuzaliswa kwama-strawberries ngokuhlukana kwethala-kusetyenziswa xa kunqongophala kwezinto zokulima. Izityalo ezincinci azifanelekanga oku, unganqumla ingcambu ye-3-4 ubudala.
- Ukuzaliswa nge-whiskers yindlela elula kwaye ekhawulezayo yokukhulela i-strawberries, eyaziwa kakhulu kwigadi yasekhaya. Kucetyiswa ukuba uthathe ama-tendril ezintathu zokuqala emsebenzini, uze ususe amahlumela aseleyo. Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries afunyenwe kwi-antennae, elula, kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okwandisiweyo kwimbewu kuze kulungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo kumyezo.
Ukunyamekela kweentsuku zeerberberries
Ukusebenza emabhedeni kufuneka uqale ngokucoca uluhlu oluphezulu lomhlaba ukhula kokhula kunye nezinambuzane. Ukususa ngokupheleleyo umhlaba kumanzi amentimitha angenakukwazi, ngoko senza ukukhishwa kwehlabathi ngokubanzi phakathi kweentsike ukuya kwi-8 cm enzulu. Kwimeko, indlela yokunyamekela ama-strawberries entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuqeda i-foci yintsholongwane. Susa amaqabunga omileyo, amnyama okanye aphuzi ngokuqhwala ngokubhakabhaka kwe-fungi.
Ukunyamekela ama-strawberry amaqabunga
Ukubonakala kweentyantyambo zeziqhamo zokuqala kweentyantyambo, kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba uqhubeke nokunyamekela ama-strawberries ngexesha, ukwenza yonke into enzima yokwenza i-berry esiphundu ukufumana isivuno esipheleleyo. Isicwangciso somsebenzi siquka ukucoca izityalo, ukunisela, ukususa inxalenye yamaphepha, ukukhulula umhlaba. Izilwanyana ezongezelelweyo kunye ne-secateur cut and ezithathwa kwisayithi, le ndlela inceda ukugcina imikhosi eya kuveliswa kweziqhamo.
Unokukunceda ukuhlanjululwa kwezityalo ngexesha leentyantyambo ukunyusa inani lamajikijolo. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-spoon ubusi bendalo kwi-1 litre yamanzi uze uphize isisombululo kwisitya, ukhangela izinyosi. Esi siganeko sinceda imvula rhoqo, inkungu, ukushisa okukhulu okanye ubanda. Indlela yesibini kukunyanzela ukuqhubela phambili i-brush ephothiweyo yeentyantyambo ngexesha lesidlo sokutya ukuze uthumele impova ukusuka kwelinye iqela ukuya kwelinye. Ukunyamekela i-strawberries emva kokuqhakaza kwemvula kukhulula umhlaba, ukuthambisa, ukususa ukhula kunye nokuvuna.
Ukunyamekela i-strawberries emva kokuhluma
Abaqalayo abaninzi, beqoke iziqhamo ezihlwaya, bayalibale ngezityalo. Asikwazi ukunyamezela ukunqongophala komyezo kunye nokhula, imbewu yezityalo ezinobungozi iya kuqhakaza, ivelise i-pollinate kwaye isondele entwasahlobo. Amanye abalimi beloli bahlahlela phantsi amahlamvu endala, kodwa oku kukhethwa yingozi. Kunokwenzeka, kunye nobunzima obuhlaza, ukulahlekelwa yimichibi yamagqabi amancinci, okukhokelela ekuhluphekeni kwebusika kunye nokutshabalalisa i-fruiting. Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries kweli lizwe lilungele phambili kunye ne-pruner, ngokukhawuleza ukusika iintambo ezingadingekile kunye namacwecwe amaqabunga afa, ngaphandle kokulimaza iintso.
Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries ekwindla
Ukutshatyalaliswa nokukhutshwa kwemigca kuqhutyelwa kude kube kuqalwe kwemozulu ebanda. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-rhizome ibonakala, ibuhlungu ngakumbi imeko yeentsi. Ukunyamekela kwekwindla ye-strawberries kuqukumbela kwi-regrowth evamile yeengcambu zokufikelela. Umhlaba onomsoco uthele eduze kweentsika, kungabi ulele ebuthweni lokucoca "intliziyo". Ukucwenga ama-strawberries kuqala ngo-Agasti. Ukususela ekuqaleni kukaSeptali izityalo ze-shear ziyakunqunyulwa, kuphela izitya zeqabunga ezilinakaliswe kwaye zonakaliswe.
Kwiindawo ezibandayo, izityalo zifuna ukukhuselwa kwiqhwa. Ukuba iqhosha lekhephu libuthathaka, kwaye amaqanda awela kumaqondo atshisayo, ngoko iintlobo ezininzi ziba ziqhwa. Kwinkathalo kunceda ukukhusela amahlamvu angama-strawberry okanye uluhlu lwamanqatha ama-5 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuvala umhlaba kwiisisisi, ngokukhusela ukukhusela iingcambu nezityalo kwiqanda, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwesivuno sama berries amnandi.
Ukutya kweerberberries
Ngaphandle komhlaba ovundileyo, akunakwenzeka ukufumana i-strawberry esemgangathweni, entwasahlobo, ukongika ngokuchumisa kunceda isityalo siqokelele amandla okuvelisa i-pollination kunye nokudibanisa amajikijolo amakhulu, kwaye kwi-autumn fertilizer inefuthe elikhulu ekuhlanganiseni iziqhamo zesityalo esilandelayo. Kukho izicwangciso ezininzi zokusungulwa kwezondlo ngexesha lokukhula. Ngaphantsi kwinqaba echithwe ukusuka kwi-0.5 litres ukuya kwi-1 litre ehlanjululwe kumaconti amanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kweerberberries entwasahlobo emva kokuphela kwekhephu:
- Isisombululo se-1 tbsp. i-ammonium sulfate kunye nee-2 iikomityi ze-Mullein kwibhakethi yamanzi.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesisombululo se-Mullein ngo-1:10.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesisombululo somgquba wenkukhu kwi-1:12.
Umquba weerubherries emva kokuvuna:
- Isisombululo se-nitrosfos (iipuniji ezi-2) kunye ne-potassium sulfate (itiye eli-1) kwibhakethi yamanzi.
- Dissolve 100 g ye-ash ash kwibhakethi yamanzi.
- Isisombululo se-nitrate ye-potassium (iipunipo ezi-2) kwibhakethi yamanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwee-strawberries ngasekupheleni kwekwindla:
- Isisombululo se- Mullein kunye namanzi (1:10) kunye nokongezwa kwesiqingatha seglasi ye-ash.
- Isisombululo esibandakanyisiweyo samachumbo omquba. Ibhakethi yamanzi idinga i-nitroammophoska (2 ilitha), i-potassium sulfate (30 g) kunye ne-1 iglasi ye-ash.
Ukunkcenkceshela kwe-strawberry
Ukuze ungafumani amajikijolo amancinci anomileyo, kufuneka uhlambe rhoqo amaqabunga ezityalo. I-Strawberry idinga ukutyala nokuzilungisa ngaphandle kwindawo elangeni, kodwa ayiyithandi ukusila okupheleleyo komhlaba. Ngomhlaba okhululekile kuyimfuneko ukunikela kwi-12 ilitha nganye kwi-1 m 2 yomhlaba phantsi kokunkcenkceshela, kwaye ukuya kwi-14 ilitha nganye kwi-1 m2 kumhlaba wobumba. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umbane ofudumeleyo kwiiyure zokusa. Ngexesha lezimvula ezinkulu, ukunyusa kunqunyanyisiwe, ekushiseni kuveliswa ngeveki ukuya kumaxesha ama-3-4.
Indlela yokunyamekela ama-strawberries - ukutyalela
Kukulungele ukuvelisa le mi sebenzi ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngexesha lefudumala izityalo zilawula ukucothula kakuhle. Kwiindawo ezinomoya ongabonakali omoya obandayo, kunzima ukukhetha ixesha elaneleyo lee-strawberries, ukutshintshwa kwentwasahlobo kunye nokunyamekela amahlathi amancinci kwenziwa kwimihlaba enjalo emva kokuba iqhwa liwa. Ihluma i-rootlets emva kokutshiza idibene kwi-moulder, ukusika ukuya ubude ukuya kwi-8 cm. Ngomqolo, umgama wama-70-80 cm ungagcinwa, phakathi kwezityalo ukuya kuma-25 cm.Nendlela yokwenza isikwere, i-50x50 cm ilandelwe kwisikimu.