Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, umfazi unika iimvavanyo ezininzi, kwaye iindawo eziqhelekileyo zazo zivambile. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ngexesha lokuphatha umntwana, umthwalo ezintso naseentliziyweni ziyanda. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuhlolwe imeko yale nkqubo ezimbini, ngaphambi kokutyelela ugqirha, umfazi kufuneka athathe umchamo ukuhlalutya.
Uvavanyo oluphambili lomchamo olwenziwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa luvavanyo lomvhamo jikelele. Kuphela umchamo wabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka uqokelelwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uhlalutyo luchanekile ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu zokugonywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Izikhombisi eziphambili ze-urinalysis ngexesha lokukhulelwa zi:
- Umbala . Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbala womchamo unobumba obomvu. Umbala ogqithiseleyo ubonisa ukulahlekelwa ngumzimba ngomzimba.
- Ukungafihli . I-Urine ingaba yi-turbid ngenxa yobungqina bamaseli obomvu, i-leukocytes, ibhaktheriya kunye ne-epithelium.
- рН umchamo . Ixabiso lithathwa njenge-5.0. Ukunyuka kwama-7 kungabonakalisa i-hyperkalemia, ukungaphumeleli kwindlovu engapheliyo, izifo zogcino kunye nezinye izifo. Ukuhla kwe-pH ukuya kwe-4 kunokuba ngumqondiso wokungcoliswa komhlaba, isifo sikashukela, isifo sofuba, i-hypokalemia.
- Leukocytes . Isiqhelo se-leukocytes ekuhlalutheni umchamo ngexesha lokukhulelwa alikho ngaphaya kwe-6. Ukugqithisa eli xabiso kubonisa ukuvuvukala kwi-bladder, izintso okanye urethra.
- Iprotheni . Uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lomchamo ngexesha lokukhulelwa alucinga ukuba kukho iprotheni kuyo. Umxholo wayo ufike kwi-0,033 g / l (0,14 g / l - kuma-laboratories anamhlanje). Ukwandiswa komxholo weprotheni kunokuthetha ngokunyamezela, ukunyameka komzimba, i-pyelonephritis, i-gestosis, iproteinuria yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
- Imizimba yeKetone . Ezi zinto zityhefu zifunyanwa ngokuhlalutya ngokubanzi umchamo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-toxemia enkulu kwisiqingatha sokuqala sokukhulelwa okanye ngokunyuka kwesifo sikashukela kumama ozayo.
- Ukuxinana . Le nqanaba landa ngokubonakala kweprotheni kunye ne-glucose kumchamo, kunye ne-toxicosis kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi. Ukunciphisa isalathisi kubakho ngokusela kakhulu, ukulimala kakhulu kwiibhubhu ze-renal, ukuhluleka komntu.
- I-glucose . Ukubonakala kweswekile kumchamo ngexabiso elincinci kwisiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa akubalulekanga. Emva kwayo yonke ixesha ngeli xesha le-maternal body liyakwandisa inqanaba leswekile, ukuze umntwana athole ngaphezulu. Umgangatho ophezulu we-glucose ngumqondiso wesifo sikashukela.
- Ibhaktheriya . Ubukho beebhaktheriya kumchamo kunye nenani eliqhelekileyo lama-leukocyte luphawu lwesifo seengtso,
okanye i-cystitis. Ukufumanisa ibhaktheriya kumchamo kunye neqondo eliphakamileyo lamaseli egazi ezimhlophe kubonisa ukuvela kwintsholongwane yentsholongwane. Ukongeza kwiibhaktheriya, i-fungi efana nesambuku ingabonwa kwi-urine.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvavanya umsebenzi weentso ngexesha lokukhulelwa, isampula yemihla ngemihla inikwa. Ngoncedo lwaso, inani lomlambo okhutshwe zingakapheli iiyure ezingama-24 lichongiwe. Iziphumo zeeyure ezingama-24 zokuvavanya umchamo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwenza ukuba kubekho ukucacisa inani le-creatinine elicutshulwe yizintso, ilahleko zemihla ngemihla kunye neeprotheni.