Ukugqithwa kwintambo yomgogodla (ukugqitywa kwesibhakabhaka) ngenye yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezoxanduva lokuxilonga. Ngaphandle kwegama, umthambo womthamo ngokwawo awuchaphazelekayo, kodwa i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ithathwa. Inkqubo ibandakanya umngcipheko othile, ngoko ke uqhutyelwa kuphela xa kunesidingo esinzima, esibhedlele kunye neengcali.
Kutheni uthabatha umtya womgcini?
Ukugqithwa kwentambo yomthambo kudla ukusetyenziswa ukufumanisa izifo ( ukuguqulwa kwe-meningitis ), kucacisa uhlobo lwesifo, ukuxilonga i-subarachnoidal bleeding, i-multiple sclerosis, ukuchonga ukuvuvukala kwengqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu, ulinganise uxinzelelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid. I-puncture ingenziwa kwakhona ukulawula amachiza okanye amashishini ahlukileyo kwi-X-ray ukuhlola ukufumana i- disnibrated disvertebral discs .
Kuthatyathwa njani intambo yomgogodla?
Ngethuba le nkqubo, isigulane sithatha indawo esecaleni kwayo, icinezela ngamadolo kwisisu sakhe, kunye nesinqe sakhe esifubeni sakhe. Esi sikhundla sikwenza ukuba ukwandise kancane iinkqubo ze-vertebrae kwaye uququzelele ukungena kwenaliti. Indawo kwindawo yokugqithwa ingakhuselekanga kuqala nge-iodine kwaye emva kotywala. Emva koko uchithe i-anesthesia yendawo kunye ne-anesthetic (ininzi i-novocaine). Gcwalisa i-anesthesia ayiniki i-anesthetic, ngoko isigulane kufuneka isilungele phambili kwiimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo ukwenzela ukuba uhlale ungagqibekanga.
Ukugqithwa kwenzeni kwenziwa ngenaliti ekhethekileyo engenamanzi ukuya kuma-6 cm ubude. Benza i-puncture kwingingqi ye-lumbar, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-vertebrae yesithathu neyesine, kodwa ihlala phantsi kwe-spinal cord.
Emva kokusungulwa kwenaliti emgodini womgogodla, i-cerebrospinal fluid iyaqala ukuphuma kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-10 ml ye-cerebrospinal fluid iyadingeka kwisifundo. Kwakhona ngexesha lokuthatha intambo yomgogodla, umlinganiselo wokuphela kwawo uqikelelwa. Ngomntu onempilo, i-cerebrospinal fluid icacile kwaye ayibalabala kwaye igeleza ngesantya malunga nokuhla kwe-1 ngomzuzwana. Kwimeko yoxinzelelo olongezelelweyo, izinga lokuphuma kwamanzi, kwaye liyakwazi ukugeleza nangomlinganiselo.
Emva kokufumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womnxeba wokuphanda, inaliti isuswe, kwaye indawo yokuqhawula isitywinwe kunye nezicubu ezinobumba.
Iziphumo zentambo yomgca
Emva kwenkqubo yeeyure eziyi-2 zokuqala, isiguli kufuneka silale emhlane wakhe, kwinqanaba lomgangatho (ngaphandle komlambo). Kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezilandelayo akukhuthazwa ukuba uthathe indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuma.
Kwimbali yezigulane, emva kokuba zinikwe umgca wokugcoba, ukucabisa isisu, iintlungu ezinjenge-migraine, intlungu emgodini, ukuxhamla. Kwizigulane ezinjalo, ugqirha oya kuzo ubeka iindleko zokunciphisa iintlungu kunye nezidakamizwa ezichasayo.
Ukuba ukugqithwa kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko akuthwali miphumo emibi, kwaye iimpawu ezingathandekiyo ziphela ngokukhawuleza.
Iyintoni ingozi yokugqitywa kwentambo yomthambo?
Inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwentambo yomgogodla eyenziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, izigulane zihlala zixhatshazelwe injongo yayo. Makhe sicinge ngeenkcukacha, nokuba ukugqithwa kwentambo yomgudu kunobungozi, kwaye yiziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela.
Enye yeengoma eziqhelekileyo - xa zenza i-puncture, intambo yomgogodla ingonakaliswe kwaye ukukhubazeka kungenzeka. Kodwa, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, ukugqithiswa kwe-lumbar kuqhutyelwa kwingingqi ye-lumbar, ngaphantsi kwentambo yomgudu, kwaye ke akunakuchukumisa.
Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokusuleleka nguxhalaba, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukugqithwa kwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezinobunzima. Umngcipheko wokusuleleka kuleso sikhundla ngowama-1: 1000.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kokuba umtya wokugqithisa umthamo uqule umngcipheko wegazi (i-epidural hematoma), umngcipheko wokunyuka kwengcinezelo engaphezu kwezigulane ezinezifo okanye ezinye izifo zengqondo, kunye nomngcipheko wokulimala komgudu.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba ugqirha ofanelekileyo wenza umgca wokugaya umgudu, umngcipheko awuncinci kwaye awugqithisi umngcipheko we-biopsy yiphina iqumrhu langaphakathi.