Sekuninzi emininzi eminyaka edlulileyo umxholo wokugonywa kwabantwana awuxutywanga. Bonke abazali bayazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba izitofu zibalulekile kwimpilo yabantwana kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, imeko yatshintshile kakhulu. Kwakukho umkhosi wonke wabancedi bokugatya izitofu. Abazali abaninzi banqabile ukwenza abantwana babo ngokugonywa rhoqo, bachaza le pesenti ephakamileyo yeengxaki emva kokugonywa. Ngaba umntwana kufuneka agonywe? Nantsi enye yezona mibuzo eziqhelekileyo ezivela kubomama abatsha nabagadi abaye bahlangabezana nale ngxaki. Masizame ukuqonda lo mbuzo.
Ziziphi izigulane zokukhusela abantwana? Kuyaziwa ukuba ngaphambi kokuba kukho izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Yonke isifo esiyaziwayo sesibetho, i-smallpox, i-k'holera yachitha yonke imizi. Abantu kwimbali yabo bekhangela iindlela zokujongana nezi zifo. Ngethamsanqa, ngoku ezi zifo ezibi kakhulu azikho.
Ngethuba lethu, iyeza lifumene indlela yokulwa ne-diphtheria kunye ne-poliomyelitis. Ezi zifo zinyamalalekile emva kokungeniswa kwegciwane lokugonywa kwabantwana. Ngelishwa, kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iziganeko zesifo esizifo zibuye zaqala. Oogqirha banxulumanisa le nyaniso kunye nokufuduka kweqela elikhulu labantu, ukususela ekupheleni kwe-90. Esinye isizathu esisisigxina kukuba abantwana abaninzi abagonywanga ngenxa yokuchasene.
Ziziphi izitofu abantwana abazenzayo?
Kukho ikhalenda yokugonywa kwabantwana, ngokubhekiselele kulo ugonywa. Inoculations ezivela kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ziveliswa kuphela kwiminyaka ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke iintsholongwane zabantwana zingabelana ngamacandelo amathathu ngokwexesha lomntwana apho zilawulwa khona: ukungena kwiintsana, ukungabikho komntwana kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye, ukugonywa emva konyaka:
1. Izitofu zintsana. Ukugonywa kwabantwana bokuqala abantwana abafumanayo kukugonywa kwe-BCG kunye nokugonya kwe-hepatitis B. Ezi zitofu zinikezelwa abantwana kwiiyure zokuqala zobomi.
2. Izitofu zabantwana ukuya kunyaka. Ngeli xesha, umntwana ufumana inani elikhulu lokugonywa ebomini bakhe. Kwiinyanga ezi-3, abantwana banokugonywa kwi-poliomyelitis kunye ne-DTP. Ukuqhubela phambili ikhalenda ye-inoculations kuze kube yonyaka ifakwe kwinyanga nganye. Abantwana bayagonywa ngokuchasana nenkukhu, imasisi, imvumba, isifo se-haemophilus kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwi-hepatitis B. Phantse zonke iintsholongwane zabantwana zidinga ukuhlaziywa emva kwexesha ukukhusela umkhuhlane kumntwana.
Izigulane zeKaledar kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-1 ubudala
| Usulelo / Ubudala | 1 ngosuku | 3-7 iintsuku | 1 inyanga | Iinyanga ezintathu | Iinyanga ezine | Iinyanga ezintlanu | Iinyanga ezintandathu | Iinyanga ezili-12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-hepatitis B | Dose ye 1 | I-dose yesibini | Yesithathu intsuku | |||||
| Isifo sofuba (BCG) | Dose ye 1 | |||||||
| I-Diphtheria, ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela, i-tetanus (DTP) | Dose ye 1 | I-dose yesibini | Yesithathu intsuku | |||||
| Poliomyelitis (OPV) | Dose ye 1 | I-dose yesibini | Yesithathu intsuku | |||||
| Usulelo lweHemophilus (Hib) | Dose ye 1 | I-dose yesibini | Yesithathu intsuku | |||||
| Imishukela, i-rubella, i-parotitis (CCP) | Dose ye 1 |
3. Ngonyaka umntwana unikezwa i-inoculation yesine ngokumelene ne-hepatitis B, i-inoculation ngokumelene ne-rubella kunye nama-mumps. Emva koko, ukugonywa kwe-smallpox kunye ne-revaccination kwezinye izifo kufuneka kulandelwe. Ngokwe-shedyuli yabantwana, i-DTP revaccination kunye ne-revaccination e-poliomyelitis yenziwa kwiinyanga ezili-18.
I-Kaledar abantwana abagonywe emva komnyaka o-1
| Usulelo / Ubudala | Kwiinyanga ezili-18 | 6 ubudala | 7 ubudala | 14 ubudala | 15 ubudala | 18 ubudala |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isifo sofuba (BCG) | revaccin. | revaccin. | ||||
| I-Diphtheria, ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela, i-tetanus (DTP) | 1 revaccin. | |||||
| I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus (ADP) | revaccin. | revaccin. | ||||
| I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus (ADS-M) | revaccin. | |||||
| Poliomyelitis (OPV) | 1 revaccin. | Revaccin wesi-2. | Revaccin yesithathu. | |||
| Usulelo lweHemophilus (Hib) | 1 revaccin. | |||||
| Imishukela, i-rubella, i-parotitis (CCP) | I-dose yesibini | |||||
| Iimvumba ezinobhubhane | Amakhwenkwe kuphela | |||||
| Rubella | I-dose yesibini | Kuphela kumantombazana |
Ngelishwa, ngalinye lezitofu ezisetyenziswayo njengamanje zineempembelelo kwaye zingabangela iingxaki. Umzimba womntwana uphendukela kuyo yonke inoculation. Impendulo iyinto evamile kunye neendawo. Ukuphendula kwendawo yinkxaso okanye ubomvu kwisiza sokulawulwa kwegciwane. Ukuphendula ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, intloko, i-malaise. Isiza esinamandla kakhulu se-reactogenic yi-DTP. Emva kwayo, kukho ukuphulwa kwesondlo, ukulala, ukukhulelwa komkhuhlane.
Ipesenteji ephakamileyo yabantwana emva kokuvalelwa kweengxaki zokugonywa ezinjengeempembelelo ezinobungozi, ukuvuvukala, ukukhawuleza, kunye neengxaki zesistim.
Ukubonelelwa ngemiphumo emibi yokugonywa kwabantwana, akumangalisi ukuba abazali abaninzi bayayenqaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana impendulo kumbuzo othi "Ngaba iigonyamelo ziyimfuneko kubantwana?", Wonke umzali makabe nguye. Abo boomama nootata abasafuni ukugonywa kufuneka baqonde ukuba bathatha uxanduva ngokupheleleyo kwimpilo yomntwana wabo.
Ukuba ungowommeli wezitofu, khumbula ukuba ngaphambi kokugonywa, kufuneka ufumane iingcebiso kumntwana wezingane. Umntwana wakho kufuneka abe nempilo ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle koko umngcipheko wemiphumo emibi emva kokugonywa kwegciwane. Unokugonya umntwana kwikliniki nganye yesithili. Qinisekisa ukubuza ukuba yintoni isitofu sokugonya esetyenziswa kwi-polyclinic. Ungathembeli iziyobisi ezingaziwa! Kwaye ukuba emva kokugonywa umntwana wakho unokufumana iingxaki, kha wuleza udibane nodokotela.