Tshintsha

• Idilesi: Björkö, 178 92 Ekerö, eSweden
• Ifowuni: +46 8 120 040 00
• Iwebhusayithi: www.birkavikingastaden.se
• I-imeyl: bokning@stromma.se
• Umhla wesiseko : malunga nama-770.

Isiqithi saseBjerke (Björkö) kwiLake Mälaren yindawo apho kuqala isixeko saseSweden, iBurka yasungulwa. Ubuneminyaka engaphezu kwewaka leminyaka - kubonakala ngathi ilapha malunga ne-770, mhlawumbi nangaphambili. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwixesha elivela kwi-770 ukuya ku-970 isixeko saseBirka sasiyinye yezona zikhulu zorhwebo nezona zibalulekileyo kwiSweden : kwakukho indlela yokuthengisa eyayixhulumene ne-Viking ne-Arab Caliphate kunye neKhazar Khaganate iphelile. Namhlanje, iBirka ifakwe kwiLuhlu leMveli ye-UNESCO.

Iinkalo ezinomdla malunga nokudalwa kwesi sixeko

Abantu bexesha lethu bafunda ngesayithi ngokubulela kwimichilo eyenziwa ngekhulu lama-20:

1. Imichibi yokuqala yokuqala kwisiqithi, ngenxa yendlela uBirka yafunyanwa ngayo, yaqala ngo-1881. I-archaeologist eyaziwayo yaseSweden uKnut Jalmar Stolpe yafika eBjörkö ngenjongo yokufunda inambuzane ezinobunzima kwi-amber efunyenwe kwisiqithi kwaye yafika kwisigqibo sokuba kuninzi kakhulu apha, okuyinto engavamile kwintlambo yeLake Mälaren. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba acinge ukuba kukho inkulu kakhulu (ngolu hlobo) kwisixeko soshishino.
2. Kwinqununu, iNsika yayijoliswe ekuhloleni ukungcwaba. Ingqikithi, wahlola ngamangcwaba angama-1200 kwindawo yomngcwabo weHemladen kunye nentaba eqingqiweyo yeBorg. Abanye babo babesendlwini zengodo, apho iipululana zazithela khona; Oku kubonisa ukuba kule mihlaba yokungcwaba iiVikings ezintle zazingcwaba.
3. Ingxelo-mbhali yashicilela okokuqala iziphumo zakhe ngo-1874 kwi-International Archaeological Congress, kwaye ukususela ngoko, i-Birka neBjorki Island ziye zabangela umdla wabaphandi ngokubanzi. Stolpe ifunyenwe apha kunye nenqaba, eyayisentabeni yeBorg. Nguye owenza isicatshulwa sokuthi ukuhlaliswa okukufumeneyo apha yiBirka, isixeko seVikings, esakhankanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimimiselo yamandulo kunye nemibhalo yabadala bemihla ngemihla.
4. Nangona kunjalo, akubona bonke ababhali beembali kunye nabavubukuli abaxhasa le ngcamango. Okokuqala, umgcini-mlando waseNyakatho wase-Adam Adam Bremen, ngexesha lobomi bakhe uBirka wayesengumzi ophumelelayo, wabhala ukuba kwakukho ilizwe laseGoethe ( okokuthi , kwindawo yeVeterne naseVänern Lakes); esi sixeko esikhulu sasiqithi.
5. Enye inkcazo eyenza into yokuba iBirka yayilungileyo apha kukuba kukho abantu abangama-600-700 kwinqaba, elingaphantsi kwezona zixhobo eDenmark , eRashiya nakwiSouth Baltic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokwenzeka ukuba indawo yeso sixeko kwisiqithi ayifuni ukuba khona kweso sigxina esikhulu kwiindonga zenkqantosi.
6. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho "into efanayo" kwisiqithi saseBjorki, u-Birka uthi (ngaphezu kokufana kwegama) into yokuba kwiindawo ezininzi zokungcwaba iimali zeArabhu zafunyanwa. Ukongezelela, isiqithi safunyanwa kwaye ezininzi izinto zaseKhazar (iimpahla, izitya, iibhondi zezinto zokugqoka).
7. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, isixeko emva kwama-970 sashiywa ngabantu. Yayiyiphi imbangela, namhlanje ayiyazi. Abanye abaphandi bathi oku kwawa kweKhazar Khaganate kwaye bacebisa ukuba isixeko esasikho kwisiqithi kwakukho koloni. Isizathu sinokuphinda siphakamise umhlaba, ngenxa yoko sachithwa kuLwandle lwaseBaltic, kunye nomlilo owawubhubhisa izakhiwo zokhuni.

Ithegi namhlanje

Namhlanje esi siqithi ungabona indawo yezinto zakudala kunye nokungcwaba kweVikings, zombini elula kwaye ehloniphekileyo, iindawo eziseleyo zenkqantosi yamandulo kunye neendawo ezijikelezileyo, kunye neentsikelelo ze-pier eziqingqiweyo-abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha leVikings, ilizwe lilingama-5 emitha ngaphantsi kwelo xesha, kwaye iinqanawa zasolwandle ziza apha ngqo. Okuphawulekayo yi-chapel ka-Ansgar nomnqamlezo.

Ukongeza, isiqithi sisebenza kwiMicrosoft Museum, apho unokubona khona:

• ukucwangciswa ngokubanzi kwedolophu;
• izitsha kunye nemigcobo yokungcwaba;
• iinqanawa zeenqanawa nezakhiwo;
• zixhobo;
• amatye, aqhutywe apho axela ngeemeko ezide.

Emva komyuziyam, kwakha kabusha ilali yaseViking. Iindlu ezikuyo zenziwe ngamagogi angama-vertical, ngokucokisekileyo zifakwe omnye komnye, okanye ziboshwe kwiivini kwaye zenziwe ngodongwe. Iingxube zintlobo okanye i-peat. Ngaphakathi kwindlu nganye unokubona iindawo zokulala kunye neendawo zokulala. Ephantwini kwidolophana encinci, apho iinqanawa zeViking zihamba khona.

Indlela yokufikelela kwiTekisi?

Ukusuka eStockholm ukuya kwisiqithi saseBjörkö kukho isikebhe. Ushiya ekuseni ukusuka kwiHolo yaseKapa ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba; Ngomhla kukho iindiza ezininzi. Abo batye bavakashela esi siqithi, batusa ukuba bahlolwe ngokwabo, kungekhona ngehambo , ekubeni ixesha lokuphumla liyure nje. Uhambo lwenziwa ngumkhokeli othetha isiNgesi, egqoke njengeviking. Iindleko zokutyelela kwisiqithi malunga ne-euro ezingama-40 (malunga ne-44 zamaRandi wase-US).