Ukongezelela, musa ukulibala ukuba abazali banelungelo lokugqiba ngokuzimeleyo nokuba benze ukuthintela ezithile iintsana zabo. Abanye abaomama nabadala abafaki abantwana babo inoculations, ngokusekelwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Umbuzo wesidingo sokugonya uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo, qiniseka ukuba udibane nodokotela kwaye ucinge ngokucokisekileyo.
Kwakhona, nayiphina imithi yokugonywa ayinakwenziwa kumntwana onokubakho ubuncinane bezinye iintlobo zokubanda okanye ukuphendula. Kwimeko enjalo, ukugonywa kufuneka kuhlehliswe de kube umntwana aphinde aphinde ahlaziywe. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokugula, izitofu azenziwanga, ugqirha ubeka i-med-vod ubuncinane kwiiveki ezimbini. Ukongeza, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukugonywa, kuyimfuneko ukupasa iimvavanyo, kwaye xa kwenzeka ukufumaniseka, kubalulekile ukuchonga isizathu.
Kule nqaku, siza kuthetha ngexesha lokugonywa kwabantwana abasempilweni baseRussia nase-Ukraine, kunye nokwahlukana kwezicwangciso zokugonya kula mazwe.
Ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana ngeminyaka eRashiya
ERashiya, umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa usasazi isitofu sokuqala esilwa ne- hepatitis B kwiiyure eziyi-12 zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ukugonywa kwesi sifo esiyingozi sisifo kufuneka senziwe ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, kuba kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okusuleleka kwintsholongwane yomntwana ukuba unina unesifo sengculaza ye-hepatitis B. Ukongeza koko, eso sifo siqhelekileyo kwiRussia Federation, oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane ayilimazi nabani na.
Uninzi lwabantwana lunokufumana iintsholongwane ezithintekayo malunga nesifo se-hepatitis B kwiinyanga ezi-3 neye-6, okanye kwiinyanga ezili-1 kunye ne-6, kodwa kulabo bantwana abanomama abachongiweyo abathwala isifo sengculaza esibangela isifo, ugonywa luqhutyelwa kwizigaba ezi-4, ngokutsho kwe "0- 1-2-12. "
Ngomhla wesi-4 ukuya kwe-7 emva kokuzalwa, umntwana kufuneka angene kwi-inoculation ngesifo sofuba-BCG. Ukuba umntwana wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okanye engagonywanga ngezinye izizathu, i-BCG inokwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba umntwana sele eqhutywe iinyanga ezimbini, emva kokuvavanywa kwe-Mantou tuberculin.
Ukususela ngomhla ka-01/01/2014 ukugonywa ngokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal kuye kwafakwa kwikhalenda kazwelonke yokugonywa kwabantwana baseRashiya. Iskimu apho umntwana wakho oya kunikwa khona esi sigxina kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakhe. Kubantwana abavela kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6, ugonyo lwenziwe kwizigaba ezi-4 kunye ne-revaccination enyanzelisayo kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwe-15, iintsana ezivela kwiinyanga ezi-7 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2 kwizigaba ezi-2, kunye nabantwana abasele beneminyaka emi-2 ubudala, ugonyo lwenziwe kanye.
Ukongezelela, ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-3, umntwana kufuneka aphephe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulwa ne-pertussis, i-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus, edla ngokudibanisa nokugonywa kwe-poliomyelitis kunye nosulelo lwe-hemophilic. Ekugqibeleni, uchungechunge lwezigulane ezisisigxina luphela ngomnyaka o-1 kunye nejoza elilodwa lomasisi, i-rubella kunye ne-"mumps" yokugonya, okanye i-mumps.
Emva koko, umntwana uya kufuneka adlulisele inani elongezelelweyo lokugonywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokukodwa, kwiminyaka eyi-1.5-ukuphindaphinda kwe-DTP, kunye no-1 ngonyaka kunye neenyanga ezili-8 ze-poliomyelitis. Okwangoku, ezi zitofu zihlala zidibanisa kwaye zenza kanyekanye. Ukongeza, xa uneminyaka engama-6 ukuya kwimi-7, ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise umntwana esikolweni, uya kugonywa kwakhona kumasisi, i-rubella kunye nama-mumps, kunye nesifo sofuba kunye ne-DTP. Xa uneminyaka eyi-13, amantombazana kuya kufuneka ahlaziywe i-rubella, kwaye eneminyaka eyi-14 yonke isifo sofuba, i-poliomyelitis, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-pertussis. Ekugqibeleni, ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-18, bonke abantu abadala banconywa ukuba bafumane ukugonya ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwenzela ukukhuselwa kwezi zilapha zingentla minyaka yonke.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kweshedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana base-Ukraine?
Iikhalenda zokugoma eRussia nase-Ukraine zifana kakhulu, kodwa kukho ukungafani. Umzekelo, izitofu zokulwa ne-virus ye-viral hepatitis B e-Ukraine kuba bonke abantwana baqhutyelwa ngocwangciso "0-1-6", kwaye i-DTP yokugonywa yenziwa kwi-3.4 kunye neenyanga ezi-5. Ukongeza, ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal kwishedyuli kazwelonke yokugonywa kwabantwana e-Ukraine kusekho.
