Ukuthenga iimveliso kwiimarike, ngamanye amaxesha asiqondi ngokukhawuleza ukuba kutheni ukutya okuphekiweyo kungekuhle kakhulu, njengokuba njalo. Kwaye iibhothi eziqhelekileyo ziya kuthintela inkcazo ye-borscht ukuba isityalo sesityalo asikhethi kakuhle. Ukupheka, iintlobo ze-beetroot zisetyenzisiweyo, zinokuziqhayisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokusebenza.
Itafile yeetetet - uphawu
Ukukhetha imifuno enomsila kwi-counter counter, kufuneka umntu akhumbule ngeziganeko ezikhethiweyo zebheyibhile. Ungaligxina ubukhulu - isityalo esikhulu sezityalo ezinomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwemilinganiselo yeefolder, injongo yakho - ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo. Ingcamango incike kakhulu kwixesha lokuvuthwa kwemifuno:
- iintlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zinethuba lokuvuthwa kwiintsuku ezingama-50 ukuya kuma-80, kodwa azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngeempawu eziphezulu;
- Phakathi kokuvuthwa kuthatha iintsuku eziyi-100 ukuba zivuthwe, ininzi phakathi kwazo ziphezulu;
- Iintlobo ezide ziza kuba zide kwaye zigcinwe kakuhle, ziya kukukholisa kunye neentlobo zabo.
Ukuveliswa kweebhontshi zeetafile
I-Dacha ayidla ngokukhetha ukhetho olude kunye nokunyamekela. Kodwa nawuphi na umlimi okhulisa imifuno ethengiswayo uya kuchitha ixesha elide kulo mbandela. Iintlobo zokuqala ze-beetroot ziza kunika inzuzo ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kungekhona ukuvuna okukhulu. Kubalulekile ukufumana uluhlu lweempawu kwiinkqubo zokumelana nokubandayo, ixesha elide lokugcina kunye nokuchasana nezifo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane - zonke ezi ziqinisekiso ezingekho ngqo zivuno eziphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona kukhethwe uhlobo olulungileyo kunye nokufakwa kwezichumisi, abahlali behlobo bavumela iimpazamo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukukhethwa kwendawo yezolimo engadini akutshintshi unyaka nonyaka. Ukujikeleza ukutsalwa kubalulekile kwaye kuyimfuneko, kuba yindlela ehambelana nemifuno esemgangathweni. Ukuba okwangoku kunyaka i-beetroot ityalwe kwindawo enye, kwakhona kufuneka ibonakale emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela.
- Abacebisi kwiimifuno nganye bachaphazela ngqo ukukhula. Kwiibhontshisi, indawo apho isityalo, isaladi kunye nommbila esakhulile ngaphambili, aziyi kusebenza. Isiqhamo sesityalo sinomthandi womhlaba ovundileyo, kwaye isiko esicatshulwayo siphelile kakhulu.
- Imbewu emva kokuhluma idinga indawo eyaneleyo yokukhula: ukomelela ukutshala, ezincinci iziqhamo ziya kuba, isivuno sinciphisa.
Iintlobo zeetayitile zeetet
Kwiphina indawo yelizwe, abanikazi be-dacha kunye nabanikazi beefama kufuneka bakhethe iintlobo ngeetyala kunye nephutha. Ingxaki kukuba imifuno efanayo kwintsimi enye inokuvelisa ukuvuna okumangalisayo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lididisa ngokupheleleyo abalimi bezinye iindawo. Kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukufumana uluhlu, apho kukho iindidi ezifanelekileyo zeetabhethi zeetafile eziboniswayo, kodwa nokubuza malunga neemeko eziyimfuneko kwiziphumo ezingcono.
Itafile yeBetet "Bordeaux"
"I-Bordeaux" ibini iindidi kunye ne-sortotype. Zonke iintlobo zeetafile zeetekisi zolu hlobo ziya kuba neempawu ezifanayo. Ubume bentsholongwane bubonakalisiwe, lujikelezileyo. Ubhekisela kumyinge ngokumalunga nokukhula, kwaye eli li thuba leenkcubeko ukuqokelela kwi-pulp ngaphezulu kweswekile. Umbala we-pulp uhambelana ngokupheleleyo negama: kusemnyama kwaye ucebile kwi-hugundy-red hue. Ngokwenziwe kuzo zonke iimeko, i-beetroot iyavuya ngomgangatho wokuvunwa okuninzi, ebusika iziqhamo zigcinwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha ingcamango nokubonakala.
Itheyibhile yebheyibhile "Isilinda"
Ifomu engavumelekanga yezivuno zezityalo ziyimpawu ehlukile kubo bonke abameli be-Erfurda varietal type. Uninzi lweentlobo zemifuno, phakathi kwabo beetroot, abalimi, baqala ukukhula emva kwexesha elide emva kokubonakala kwabo kwimarike. Isilinda safumana igama layo ngokufanelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba ifomu layo elilingeneyo liyahlula kulo lonke. Kwaye akukho nto eyenza le nto ihluke kwiimfuno phakathi kwabalimi:
- Ukugcina umgangatho wemifuno kwenza kube lula ukugcina isivuno ebusika ngokukodwa ngaphandle kwenkunkuma;
- I-beet isondlo kwaye unyango lwezobushushu lubolekisa lula, olwenza lula ukupheka kunye nokwenza imifuno efanelekileyo yokulondoloza.
Itafile yebheyibhile "Mulatto"
"I-Mulatto" iya kukukholisa iilori ngokunyaniseka kwayo: bayayikhulisa ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye neziphumo zokuvelisa. Njengazo zonke iintlobo eziphakathi kwendawo yokutya yeetekisi, "i-Mulatto" ivuthwa ngeentsuku ezilikhulu namathathu emva kokuhla. Isici esicacileyo sesityalo esisisisombululo ngumhlaba ococekileyo, ococekileyo wesikhumba. Phakathi kweenzuzo zeendawo zasehlotyeni ziya kuvuya:
- Isiqhamo sesisindo sinokufikelela kuma-gram amathathu;
- kwinqanaba le-beet egcwele umbala we-burgundy, ayilahlekanga ngethuba lokupheka;
- inkalo yesityalo esisisiphumo ekungabikho kwamacenge ephawulo kwicandelo elingaphakathi.
Itafile yebheyibhile "Pablo"
Isisombululo esihle kwizinga lemveliso. Phakathi kwezinye iintlobo zemifuno e-hybridi, ezininzi ziphuculwe, kunye netafile ye-beet "Pablo" nje ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezinjalo. Iindidi ezivuthwa ngokukhawuleza zikwazi ukunyamezela ukushisa okuphantsi kwaye zilungele ukungabikho kwamanzi. Uluhlu oluphambili lwezifo luhlala "lukhuselekile" lwePablo, olu luhlu luyi-adapter, kwaye umgangatho womhlaba awubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthatha isithelo ezandleni zakho, uya kuziva ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba. Oku kuye kwenza isiqhamo sesityalo sifanele ukugcinwa kwexesha elide ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwintetho.
I-Canteen "i-beet" yaseYiputa
"YaseYiputa" i-sortotype yanika igama layo kwiintlobo zayo. Phakathi kwababameli beli qela leetayibhile, iindidi "zase-Egypt Plain" ziyaziwa. Ubume bezityalo zengcambu zanikezela igama kwaye zazimisela uphawu oluphambili - lugqityiweyo kwaye lubonakala lucwecwe, iintloko zincinci. I-Sortotype inokuziqhayisa ngezinto ezinjalo kunye neenzuzo:
- I-beetroot iyanandi, iziqhamo zayo zenziwa kakhulu kakhulu;
- Amacenge okukhanyisa kwi-pulp ayabunqabile, yena ngokwakhe ubomvu obomvu;
- Ukuqhakaza kunye neentolo akuyiyo impawu kulolu hlobo, kwaye oku kuthetha ngokunyamezela kunye nokucwiliswa kwe-pulp;
- Ukushiya kwanele ixesha elide, kodwa kwenkcazo ibakala lokugcinwa kwekwindla.
Ukukhula kweetekisi zeetayiti
Inkcubeko nganye kwinkcazo ibonisa imeko apho isivuno kunye nomgangatho kuya kukhuliswa. Kwiibheretsi, iparimeter ebaluleke kakhulu umhlaba: iteknoloji yokukhulisa iibhokiti zegumbi lokudlela ilula, kodwa unokuthembela kwimpumelelo kuphela emva kwesayithi elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqaliswa kochumiso kuya kuphucula kakhulu isivuno, kodwa ukubunjwa okwenziwe ngumhlaba kuthinta ubunzima bemifuno ngehektare.
Xa kuziwa kwimihlaba ye-sod-podzolic, ukungeniswa kwezichumisi zethusi kuphakamisa izivuno ngamanye amaxesha, ngezinye iimeko, zithetha ngokunyuka kweshumi kwimihlathi. Ukuba ukulima kucwangciswe kwi-chernozems, i-molybdenum kunye ne-cobalt zongezwa. Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ungacacile, ngulo kuphela umqathango obaluleke kakhulu.
Xa kutyalwa iibheyibhile?
Uncedo kwaye uyathandwa yizo zonke imifuno evunyelwe ukuhlwayela kokubili entwasahlobo nasebusika. Imimiselo yokuhlwayela iibheyibhile isekelwe kwisityalo esinqwenelekayo, iintlobo:
- Ukuvuna kwangaphambili kutyalwe ekwindla ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, kuvunyelwe ukuhlwayela imbewu ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli;
- ukuba ngaba isivuno, esilungiselelwe ukuba sigcinwe ixesha elide, isityalo sihlala ixesha elide emva kweyeshumi kaMeyi kuze kube yile minyaka yesibini kaMeyi (akunakwenzeka ukukhawuleza, kuba imbewu enhlabathini ebandayo ayinakuvelisa iziqhamo, kodwa iifom pedcles).
Itafile yeetetet - unyango olukhethekileyo
Ukukhulisa itafile ye-beet esondlo kunye nekhwalithi, kufuneka uphephe iimpazamo ezinkulu:
- Ukungabikho kokukhanya kwizigaba zokuqala zokukhula kuya kuthintela ubungakanani bomntwana kunye nokuhluma kwembewu;
- Umswakama obuninzi luyingozi ngaphezu kokusilela kwayo, kuba ukubola kwezityalo kuya kufika ngokukhawuleza;
- Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwisigaba sokuqala sokukhula kubangela ukuqhuma.
Ukujikeleza ukukhula kuya kuba yinto ephawulekayo ye-agrotechnical phakathi kwabahlali behlobo abafumana amava. Ngaphambili, yayinganyanzelwanga, ngeli xesha lethu le siseko lesiseko. Lapho i-aubergines, ipilisi okanye utamatisi ekhulile, yindawo efanelekileyo yokutshala i-beet kwixesha elizayo kunye ne- composting . Emva kwe-beet, phantse zonke iinkcubeko ze-dacha zikhula kakuhle. Le mifuno iyakuthanda ukukhanya, ikhonkco ezimnyama azihambisani nayo.
Ukucoceka kwebheyibhile
Iphutha eliqhelekileyo labantu abanamava abanokungaqhelani ukutshiza amaqabunga ehlobo. Abanye basebenzisa imifuno ukulungiselela isobho sehlobo, abanye bakholelwa ngephutha ukuba ngale ndlela imifuno iya kunika yonke imikhosi kwimpande kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, oku kunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho nokugcina umgangatho wezityalo zengcambu. Yonke imifuno, kunye ne-beetroot ayikho enye, iyakwazi ukulungiselela ukuvuna.
Isiqalo siwela phakathi kukaSeptemba, ngenxa yeentlobo ezinje oku kuphela kwenyanga, njengoko kuqhubeka ukuvuthwa. Kanye ngaphandle kwe-5 ° C esekelwe kunye nesimo sezulu esifudumeleyo, oku kuwuphawu oluqinisekileyo lokufika kwexesha lokuvuna. Abahlali basehlobo belive bathi esikhundleni sokusika, kungcono ukuphazamisa phezulu. Indlela elula yokugcina isivuno kwiibhokisi ixutywe ngesanti. Abafama abanamava baneemfihlelo zabo:
- Kwindlaphu efudumele kakhulu ukugcina ingcambu yomhlaba engathandekiyo, ngoko inyama iya kuba nzima.
- Ukwindla kwemvula kukukhawuleza ukunyuka kwehlobo ehlala kunye nokuqokelela, kuba ubuninzi bomswakama buya kuthintela kakubi intle yemifuno. Uthutho luya kufutshane nobomi be-shelf, ngezinye iimeko kubangela ukubola nokuqhekeka kwesiqhamo.
- Kodwa ikwindla eyomileyo neyobushushu iya kukuvumela ukuba utshintshise ixesha lokuqokelela, kuba kwi-beet yomhlaba igumbi lokudlela liza kugcinwa kangcono kuneno elingaphandle.
Izifo zeebhontshi zeetafile
Iintlobo ezininzi zanamhlanje zixhatshazwa kwezifo ezininzi, kodwa umhlali wehlobo uyanyanzelekile ukuba azi ukuba bajonga njani ukuphendula ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Iimpawu zebheyibhile zathintela ukubonakala kwezifo ezithile:
- Xa kukho ukunqongophala kwe-boron emhlabeni, i-phomosis iqala. Le yinkalo yobunzima, xa ngexesha lokukhula esitalatweni kukho imozulu nemvula encinane kunye nenkungu. Emaqabini avela amabala amanqabileyo kunye nolwaphuzi, ke amachashaza amnyama. Ukukhusela iingxaki kuya kunceda ukuzisa kwi-borax yomhlaba.
- I-Cerco-spores okanye i-spotting yiphumo lendlela engafanelekanga yolimo. Ukukhusela ingxaki kuza kunceda ukutyala kwisayithi apho izityalo ezikhulile zikhuselekile kwi-cercosporosis, ngokukhawuleza ukulahla ukhula. Kule khosi zininzi ezizinzileyo kunye namafungicides.
- Ukuba ukhula beet kwiindawo eziphantsi kwebala, kumhlaba onesifo esibi, ungasuki kwiingcambu zengqolowa. Isi sifo esithathelwanayo sitshabalalisa izityalo ezincinane. Ukuphephekisa ingxaki kuya kunceda ukukhawulela umhlaba, i- mulching peat.