INkosi Shiva - iimpawu zobuthixo nokuba yingozi kangakanani?

UThixo ukudansa iphela. Ucocekile njengekamphor, inkulu kwaye iyatshitshisa, inokutshabalalisa iindile kunye nomsindo wayo, inenceba kubo bonke abahluphekileyo-konke oku, yena ophikisanayo noMahadev. INkosi uShiva - ehlala entabeni engcwele eKaylas, endala kunabo bonke oothixo kwi-Hinduism, kunye neShaivism enye yeenkolo ezihlonishwa kakhulu eNdiya.

Shiva - ngubani lo?

Kwiintsomi zamaHindu, kukho i-Trimurti, okanye i-Divine Triad, ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukubonakaliswa okubalulekileyo kweNye Ephakamileyo: iBrahma (umdali wendalo yonke) - u-Vishnu (umgcini) uShiva (umtshabalali). Ekuguquleleni ukusuka kwisiSanskrit शिव Shiva "inceba," "inhle," "inobungane." EIndiya, uthixo uShiva ungomnye wezinto ezithandwa kakhulu kwaye zihlonishwa. Kukholelwa ukuba ukumbiza akunzima, uMahadev kubo bonke baya kuhlangula, unyana onenceba kakhulu. Kubonakaliso oluphezulu, umntu ubeka umgaqo wesintu kunye neqondo eliphezulu lomntu.

Umbhalo oyingcwele weShiva Purana umele uShiva, onamagama angama-1008 avela xa uThixo wabonakala kubantu abahlukeneyo. Ukuphindaphinda kwamagama kaShiva - ucoca ingqondo kwaye uyomeleza umntu ngeenjongo ezilungileyo. Izona zidumileyo zi:

• I-Pashupati (enye yeyona ndlela yamandulo) ngumlawuli kunye noyise wezilwanyana;
• URudra (onobukrakra, obomvu) - umntu onomsindo obushushu, uzisa izifo, kodwa uyaziphilisa;
• UMahadev nguye omkhulu, unkulunkulu oothixo;
• Mahesvara - INkosi enkulu;
• Nataraja - iShiva yinto yokumkani;
• Shambhu - ukuzisa uvuyo;
• UIshvara uyinkosi ngobungangamsha bukaThixo;
• Kamari ngumtshabalali weeminqweno;
• UMaha Yogi - Omkhulu uYogi, uququzelela umoya wokuxhamla (uhlonishwa yiyo yonke i-yogis yehlabathi);
• Hara ungumonakalisi;
• I-Triyambaka iyamehlo amathathu.

I-female hypostasis yaseShiva

Isiqingatha esisekhohlo somzimba kaShiva sibonisa amandla (asebenzayo) amandla eShakti. I-Shiva ne-Shakti ayinakuhlukaniswa. Unkulunkulukazi onamaqela ahlukeneyo uShiva-Shakti ngohlobo lwe- Kali unobungqina obubulalayo besifo se-Shiva. E-Indiya, iKali ingcwele, umfanekiso wakhe uyothusayo: isikhumba esimnyama esibhakabhaka, ulwimi olubomvu lwegazi oluphuma ngaphandle, igrafu yeengqungquthela ezingama-50 (ukuphindwa kwakhona). Ngakolunye uhlangothi ikrele, kwintloko yesibini ekhutshiwe yase Mahisha, inkokheli ye-asuras. Ezinye izandla zombini ziyabasikelela abalandeli kwaye zixelise ukwesaba. U-Kali - uhlobo-Umama udala kwaye ubhubhise yonke into emdeni wakhe onomsindo nobudlova.

Isimboli seShiva

Imifanekiso kaMahadev inemiqondiso emininzi, zonke iinkcukacha zokubonakala kwayo zibalulekile. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu uphawu lukaShiva - lingam. KuShiva Purana, i-lingam yiplassi ye-divine, umthombo wazo zonke ezikhoyo kwindalo yonke. Isimboli simele kwisiseko se- yoni (isibeleko) - umntu onguParati, iqabane kunye noMama wezinto zonke eziphilayo. Ezinye iimpawu-iimpawu zikaThixo zibalulekile:

1. Amehlo amathathu kaShiva (iLanga, iNyanga, isimboli somlilo) avulekileyo-ukuvulwa kobomi, xa iinkophe zivaliwe, ziyabhujiswa, ngoko ihlabathi liyakhiwa kwakhona, amehlo avulekileyo-umjikelo omtsha wobomi basemhlabeni.
2. Izinwele - zisontekile zibe yintonga yeJatu, umanyano wamandla emzimbeni, engqondweni, ngokomoya; Inyanga ezinwele - ukulawulwa kwengqondo, uMlambo waseGanges - usuka kwizono.
3. UDamaru (ingqungquthela) ukuvuswa kwendawo yonke, isandi se-cosmic. Ngesandla sokunene seShiva, umntu owenza umzabalazo nokungabi nolwazi unika ubulumko.
4. I-Cobra - ihlanganiswe entanyeni: idlulileyo, ikhoyo, ikusasa - ngonaphakade kwinqanaba elinye.
5. I-Trident (trishula) - isenzo, ulwazi, ukuvusa.
6. I-Rudraksha (iliso likaRudra) ngumsila wesiqhamo somthi onesiqhotho, isihawu kunye nokudabuka ngabantu.
7. I-Tilaka (triphpur), umzila wesithathu womlotha ebunzini, umhobho kunye namabini omabini umqondiso wokunqoba ulwazi olungamanga ngawe, i-Maya's (illusions) kunye nemeko ye-karma.
8. UBull Nandi ungumhlobo othembekileyo, umqondiso womhlaba namandla, isithuthi soothixo.
9. Ulusu le-tiger ulinqobe.

Shiva yavela njani?

Ukuzalwa kukaShiva kuhlanganiswe kwiimfihlelo ezininzi, iimibhalo zakudala zeShivaite Puranas zichaza ezininzi iinguqulelo zokubonakala kobuThixo:

1. Ngexesha lokubukeka kukaBrahma ukusuka kwinkohlakalo kaThimnu unqulo , iidemon zazingqonge kwaye zazama ukubulala uBrahma, kodwa uVishnu wayenomsindo, uShiva ophethe izixhobo ezininzi wabonakala evela phakathi kwe-brow kunye ne-asuras yabulawa yi-trident.
2. UBrahma wayenamadodana angama-4 angakhange afune ukuba nenzala, ngoko umntwana onobuhlaza obomvu wabonakala phakathi kweelishi zezingane zaseBrahma ezinomsindo. Le nkwenkwe yakhala yabuza igama, indawo yezenhlalakahle. UBrahma wamnika amagama ayi-11, amabini awo ayenguRudra noShiva. Izilwanyana ezilishumi elinanye, kwelinye lazo, uShiva - unkulunkulu ozukileyo ovela kwintathu enkulu, kunye noBrahma noVishnu.
3. UBrahma, ekucamngca ngokujulile, wacela ukuba kuvele unyana, kufana nokukhulu. Le nkwenkwe yaguqa ngaseBrahma yaqalisa ukuhamba ijikeleze umdali ukuba ifune igama. Rudra! "UBrahma uthe, kodwa oko kwakungeke kwanele umntwana, wagijima wada wamemeza kwaze kwaba yilapho uBrahma emnika amagama angama-10 kunye nezinye iziqu.

UMama Shiva

Imvelaphi yeShiva kwimithombo eyahlukileyo ichazwe ngokuqhelekileyo kunye negama likaVishnu neBrahma. Ukufunda u-Shaivism kunye negama elidibeneyo lomtshabalali-thixo, cela malunga nonina waseShiva. Ngubani na? Kwimiqulu yamandulo yasendulo efikelele kubantu, akukho gama le-female hypostasis yodadekazikazi oya kuba nantoni na enokuyenza ngokuzalwa kwe-Mahadev enkulu. UShiva ungumntu ozizalayo evela kwiphambili lomdali waseBrahma, akanalo unina.

Yintoni eyingozi kuShiva uthixo?

Ubume be-Mahadeva bubini: umdali owonakalisayo. Indalo ekupheleni komjikelo kufuneka ibhujiswe, kodwa xa uShiva engunkulunkulu enomsindo, ubungozi bomhlaba wonke buyonakaliswa nanini na. Kwaye ke xa umfazi kaSati watshiswa ngomlilo. UShiva wadala unkulunkulu ogazini. Unkulunkulu onamaxhoba amaninzi uSiva kwi-hypostasis yaseVihadhadra wenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamawaka afana naye waza waya kwibhotwe likaDadshi (uyise kaSati) ukuze enze umsindo. Umhlaba "wagxobhoza" egazini, ilanga laphela, kodwa xa umsindo waphawula uShiva wavuselela bonke abafileyo, esikhundleni senhloko ekhutshweyo yaseDadsha yafaka intloko yebhokhwe.

Umfazi wesithixo uShiva

U-Shakti ngumbane wamandlakazi, ongenakulinganiswa ukusuka eShiva, ngaphandle kwayo nguBrahman, engenalo iimpawu. UmkaShiva nguShakti kwimvelo esemhlabeni. U-Sati uthathwa njengowomfazi wokuqala, ngenxa yokuthotywa kukaShava kunye nokunyaniseka nguyise u-Daksha, wazinikela ngokuzihlaziya. USati wazalwa kwakhona eParvati, kodwa uMahadev wayebuhlungu kangangokuba akazange afune ukuphuma kucamngca iminyaka emininzi. I-Parvati (Uma, Gauri) yenza ubunzulu obunzulu kunokuba unqobe unkulunkulu. Kwiinkalo zayo ezibhubhisayo, iParvati imelelwa oothixokazi baseKali, Durga, iShyama, eCanda.

Abantwana baseShiva

Intsapho yaseShiva yimo kaShankar, yinto eyazikhathalelayo ihlabathi. Abantwana baseShiva kunye neParvati baququzelele ukulinganisela kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokomoya:

1. U-Skanda (Kartikeya) unyana kaShiva - unkulunkulu onqabileyo onama-sixhenxe, wazalwa enamandla kangangokuba ebudeni beentsuku ezili-6 wawunqoba i-asura Tarak.
2. UGanesha unguThixo onentloko yeendlovu, uhlonishwa njengothixo wobutyebi.
3. Intombi kaNarmada kaShiva ngendlela engummangaliso: ekucamngca ngokujulile entabeni yaseArutakut, uMahadev wahlula kuye inxalenye yamandla aguqulwa kwiNarmada intombi, umlambo ongcwele kumaHindu.

Imithetho yeShiva

Zininzi iimfundiso kunye neengcamango malunga neShiva enkulu, esekelwe kwizibhalo ezivela kwingcwele kwiiHindu zeMahabharata, iBhabhavad-gita, iShiva Purana. Omnye wale mabali uthi: xa uhlamba ulwandle lolwandle, isitya esinetyhefu siphume. Oothixo babethuswa kukuba ubuthi buya kubhubhisa bonke ubomi. UShiva, ngenxa yenceba, wayela utyhefu, uParvati wambamba entanyeni ukukhusela i-potion evela ngaphakathi kwisisu. Intamo enobuthi ye-Siva intamo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - iNilakantha (sineshey), yaba ngenye yamagama kaThixo.

Shiva eBuddhism - kukho umlandele malunga nalokhu, othi kukho kwesinye isimo sakhe uBuddha (Namparzig) wafunda ngesiprofeto: ukuba uyavela kwakhona ngendlela yeBodhisattva - oku akuzukuzuzisa ihlabathi, kodwa kuyenzeka ngohlobo lwamaMahadev - kuya kubakho ummandla omkhulu lungile. Kwi-Tibetan Buddhism, uShiva ngumkhuseli weemfundiso aze asebenzise umcimbi othi "Ukuqaliswa kweShiva."