Indlela yokutshala iibhotile - iimfihlelo zokuvuna okuhle

Impendulo yombuzo wokutshala indlela yeebhunge aziwazanga kuwo wonke umhlali wehlobo. Isityalo sisityalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, kodwa esinye sihlandlo siyalinywa, njengezimpande zikhula kulo nyaka wokuqala, kwaye okwesibini, ukudubula kunika iintyatyambo kunye nembewu. Ukuqokelela isivuno esibalulekileyo salezinto ezicebile zemifuno, kufuneka ukwazi imithetho ethile yokulima.

Imbewu yokutyala i-Beet kwindawo evulekile

Khulisa imifuno nge imbewu okanye izithombo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutyala iibhothi, kufuneka ulungiselele indawo yayo. Inkcubeko kunokuba ikhule kwiindawo ezikhanyayo zelanga kunye nomoya ovulekileyo, emthunzini wezityalo izityalo aziyi kuba nobutyebi obomvu obomvu. Isityalo sithanda izityalo ezinomsila, ezingenayo i-acidified soils - i-loams, i-peat bogs, i-chernozems ne-reaction ne-alkaline, yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba akufanele abe phezulu kwindawo leyo.

Ekwindla umhlaba uhlonywe, uhlambulule ukhula. Kwizicwangciso ezifakwe umquba okanye umquba (ikakhulukazi emva kwezityalo zengcambu), kucetyiswa ukuhlwayela imifuno kungekudala kwiminyaka emithathu kamva. Ngaphambi kokutshala iibhothi kunye nembewu kwindawo evulekileyo, entwasahlobo ngexesha lokususa i-20-30 g ye-sulfuric-acid ammonium, 10-15 g ye-potassium chloride, i-15-20 g ye-nitmonium nitrate kunye ne-30-40 g ye-superphosphate nganye kwi-1 m ² . Ukunciphisa imeko yendalo, i-kilogram yesiqingatha se-lime yongezwa nge-1 m ² .

Ukunyanga imbewu yeBeet ngaphambi kokutyala

Abalimi abanolwazi bancoma imbewu ngexesha lokuhlwayela i-soak yokuvuvukala. Inkqubo iya kukhawuleza ukuhluma kwamahlumela. Ukucwina, lungisa isisombululo sesondlo - thabatha i-1 h ye-baking soda eziqhelekileyo, umlotha wokhuni kunye ne-superphosphate, nciphisa kwi-1 ilitha yamanzi. Imbewu imela imini ekubunjweni, ihlanjwe kakuhle. Ukucwina, ungasebenzisa umgqugquzeli wokukhula othengiweyo "Agricola Vegeta" - 1 ithisipuni nganye ilitha yamanzi. Emva kokuba imbewu ihlanganiswe iintsuku ezimbalwa kwi-gauze emanzi yokuhluma kwaye ifakwe kwindawo efudumeleyo.

Ubunzulu bokutsalwa kwembewu yebhungane

Ngaphambi kokutshala iibhothi, kufuneka wenze i groove, uyenze umlenze kwaye ulinde ukutyalwa kwamanzi. Umhlaba kufuneka ube nefuthe kwaye ungadlibala. Ukutshala imbewu enzulu emhlabathini akunakwenzeka - ngenxa yokungabi ncitshiswa kwe-oksijeni, abanako ukwenza iproklyutsya. Ukuhlwayelwa kancinci kwakhona akuyi kuhlamba kakuhle: imbewu iya kuphefumula umoya okanye iya kubomela ekushiseni. Indlela yokutyala iibhothi kunye nembewu - iindawo zokungcwaba ezifanelekileyo:

• Izinto zeMbewu zivaliwe ngo-2 cm ekutyaleni kwentwasahlobo;
• phantsi kwembewu yasebusika ingcwatywa 3-4 cm neengubo ezibalulekileyo zendawo kunye ne-peat okanye i-humus.

Zingaphi iintsuku zikhula emva kokuhlwayela?

I-beetroot ayesabi ngubanda, kodwa ishushu esitratweni entwasahlobo, ngokukhawuleza amahlumela aya kuhluma. Ukuhluma kwembewu kubonakala kwi-5 ° C, kodwa nge-seedling yokuqala, izihluma ziya kubonakala emva kweeveki ezi-3. Ukutshala iibhotile kwindawo evulekileyo ngexesha elizayo, xa umhlaba uphupha ukuya kwi-10-15 ° C, ukunciphisa ixesha lokulinda kwiintsuku ezi-5-6. Ukuba isitalato singaphezu kwe-+20 ° C, amahlumela sele sele sele ekhona ngosuku lwesithathu.

Ukutyala izityalo zebhunge

Ukufumana isivuno sokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhule izithombo zebhunge. Le ndlela ithathwa ngokungathembeki, kwaye isivuno sivunwa iiveki ezintathu phambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo. Imbewu ixhomekeke kunyango olufanayo, njengoko kwimeko yokuhlwayelwa kwisayithi evulekile - ukucwina nokuhluma. Indlela yokutshala izityalo ze-beet:

1. I-substrate ebhokisini ixiliswe kwangaphambili kunye nePhytosporin, ukwenzela ukuphepha isifo sezityalo ezizayo kunye ne- pedicle emnyama , amanzi.
2. Emva koko iifolo zenziwe kuyo yonke i-5 cm, imbewu ihanjiswa kuyo. Ngethuba elingu-3 cm, iimithombo zenziwe, ii-pips ezi-3-4 zifakwa emgodini omnye, kamva amahlumela aya kutyalwa. Ngasentla, izityalo zifafazwe nge-substrate efanayo kunye nebhokisi ifakwe kwindawo yokugcina i-greenhouse.
3. Ukukhula okuqhelekileyo, izityalo zifuna indawo engcolileyo, ukuhamba kwansuku zonke.
4. Ukutshala izithombo zeebhere kwihlabathi zenziwa xa amaqabana amane okwenene afaka kwi-buds, kwaye iya kukhula ukuya kwi-8-9 cm. Ngaphambi kwexesha, ngeveki, izityalo ziyancipha - ibhokisi kufuneka ithathwe emoyeni omtsha ngeeyure ezimbalwa ngosuku.
5. Xa utshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, akuyimfuneko ukunyusa amahlumela, kungcono ukudibanisa amahlumela ngaphambi kokuba utyumle kwisicombululo sobumba.
6. Iintlobo zokuqala zikulungele ukukhusela ngezinto eziphathekayo, ezakhelwe kwi-bed arcs ezisuka kwiintsimbi zensimbi. NgoJulayi, xa amaqabunga ezityalo ezivaliweyo, kwaye isiqhamo sifinyelela kubukhulu be 1.5 cm, ifilimu isuswe.

Imiqathango yokutyala iibhokhwe kwindawo evulekile

I-Beetroot inokutyalwa kabini ngexesha:

1. Ngentwasahlobo, xa umhlaba uphuthuzela ukuya kwi-8-10 ° C ubunzulu kwi-10 cm. Njengomthetho, ixesha liwela ngo-Apreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngeli xesha, umhlaba usalondoloza umswakama emva kwekhephu.
2. Ukutyalwa kwembewu yeencube kwenziwa kwinyanga ngaphambi kokuba kucetywe ukutyala iibhokhwe kwindawo engunaphakade.
3. Ukuhlwayelwa kwekwindla kuqhutyelwa ekupheleni kwe-Oktobha, umhla wokugqibela wokutyala iibheretsi ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Indawo yokugcina i-podzimniy ivumela ukuqokelela ukuvunwa kwexesha elizayo kwixesha elizayo ngenyanga kaJuni.

Isicwangciso sokutyalwa kwesityalo se-Beet kwindawo evulekile

Ubungakanani beengcambu zebhunge kuxhomekeke kubuxininiso bokuhlwayelwa - ukuphakanyiswa kwexesha phakathi kwezityalo, inkulu imifuno iya kukhula. Indlela yokutshala i-beet - isityalo sokutyalwa:

1. Imbewu ihanjiswa kwimigca kunye nokuhluma okuqhubekayo kwamahlumela. Isiqhamo sokuhlwayela sihlala sisinye umgca (40 cm phakathi kwemigca) okanye umgca ombini (25 cm phakathi kweendonga kunye no-50 cm phakathi kwamabhande).
2. Imbewu ye-beet inobungakanani obukhulu, ukusuka kwesinye isanhlamvu ikhula iimbumba ezimbalwa, kuba imbewu iqokelelwe kwi-seedling ngamacwecwe ama-2-3. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kukuphi umgama wokutshala iibhunge, ukwenzela ukuba kwixesha elizayo kwakufuneka ukuba unciphise. Imbewu ihlelwe enye enye ngomgama we-5-6 cm phakathi kweempempe.
3. Izithombo zifakwe ngexesha eliphakathi kwe-10-15 cm phakathi kwamahluma kunye nexesha eliphakathi kwemigca ye-25 cm ukuqokelela izityalo zengcambu zobungakanani bobukhulu obuphakathi.

Yintoni yokutshala iibhotile kwididi enye yegadi?

Ukuba iibhoksi zikhula kwintsimi, izityalo ezidibeneyo zingadalwa ngeklabishi enemibala, anyanisi, ukhukhamba, ipilisi, utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, iifatates. Ezi zityalo zineemeko ezifanayo zokukhula. Ukukhula kweebheresi kuncedwa ngedlikhi okanye isinti, zikhusela imifuno kwiipasites. Inkcubeko ayihlanganisi ngqolowa, isardard, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, ithanga, elilifihla kakhulu.

Ngaba unokutshala iibhunge?

Xa ukhula imifuno, kubalulekile ukugcina umyalelo wokutshintshwa kwezityalo ukukhusela kwizifo kunye nezinambuzane ezinobungozi kunye nokuphucula umveliso. Abaphambi kokuhle beebhere xa betyala - i-zucchini, iikomkom, izityalo, i-anyanisi, i-pepper okanye iitato. Kungcono ukuba ungakhulisi izityalo zengcambu kumhlaba, apho isipinashi, i-chard, isanqante, iklabishi yakhula. Isayithi elifanayo lokuhlakulela iibhotile kucebnyiwe ukuhlwayela ngaphezu kweyodwa kwiminyaka emithathu.

Ukunyamekelwa kweebhotile emva kokutyala

Kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokunyamekela iibhotile emva kokutyala ukufumana imifuno enomsoco. Ukwenza oku, thatha amanyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukuqhawula indawo yokhula, apho ukuhluma kumahlumela e-4-5 amaqabunga ngokuqinisekileyo kukuphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko. Ngaphambi kokuba ihlume ihluma, loo ndawo ingasetyenziswa ngeoli ye trektara - 35-50 g nganye m ² . Xa isibini sokuqala samagqabi sibonakala kwiimbewu, le nkcenkcenkceshela kwokhula kunye nesisombululo se-nitrate sodium. Emva koko, xa i-beet ingena ekukhuleni, ukhula alukwazi ukukhusela.
2. Ukukhulula imida engaphezulu ngo-4-5 cm ukutshabalalisa umhlaba, ukukhusela ukufikelela kwe-oksijini kwizimpande.
3. Ubunonophelo obaluleke kakhulu beebhunge bubuncwane, obunceda ukuphepha ukukhutshwa kweziqhamo, kuba inkcubeko ibonakaliswa ngokunyuka kwamahlumela. Ngethuba le nkqubo, umhlaba ukhululiwe ngokufanayo kwaye zonke ukhula ziyasuswa. Kwinqanaba lamaqabunga apheleleyo apheleleyo kwinqanaba lokuqala, uphando oluqala lwenziwa, lushiya u-3-5 cm phakathi kwama-specimens. Ukususwa kwezinto ezikhutshweyo kungahanjiswa kwenye indawo - bahamba ngokuthe ngqo.
4. Ukucuthwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwenziwa kwinqanaba lamaqabunga ama-4, okwenza umgama phakathi kwama-10-12 cm. Inkqubo eyenziwa emva kokunisela okanye imvula, ukwenzela ukuba ingalimazi ngengozi imifuno eseleyo emhlabeni.

Ekwindla ekwindla, ngaphandle kokulinda iqhwa (ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba-Oktobha), ukuqokelela kweengcambu ezivuthiweyo ziqala. Zigqunywe ngokucokisekileyo okanye zikhutshwe, zihlanjwe zisemhlabeni, zinqunywe phezulu kwaye zomiswe. Kulo gumbi elipholileyo elinomoya omnandi, iziqhamo zifakwe kwiibhoksi, zithengiswa ngempahla eyomileyo (isanti, i-sawdust, peat), apho ingagcinwa khona kuze kube yintwasahlobo.

Ukongezwa kweebhotile emva kokutshala emhlabeni

Esi sityalo sifuna i-substrate ecebileyo, idinga i-make-up ezimbini enyanzelekileyo ngexesha ngalinye. Indlela yokufaka umquba weebhere emva kokutshala:

1. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zamaminerali kucwangciswe emva kokucoca. Iqukethe i-nitrogen fertilizer - i-10 grams yerea nge-1 m ² . Unokwenza isisombululo seentshukumo zeentaka kwi-1:12 okanye i-Mullein kwisiqingatha se-1: 8 ngesantya se-12 ilitha yokubunjwa kwamanzi nge-10 m2 yesiqendu.
2. Isondlo sesibini sinikwa emva kokuba amaqabunga amaqabunga emigqa emibini yeebhunge ivaliwe. Ifuna i-potassium-phosphorus i-compounds - 8 g superphosphate kunye ne-10 g potassium chloride nganye m ² .
3. Ngokunqongophala kwe-sodium, iifotyi ze-beet zibomvu. Kufuneka ufefe umbhede ngomlotha - 1 st kwisiqephu se-1.5 m ² .
4. Xa wenza i-progaline ephuzi kumagqabi, indawo iya kuthululwa ngobisi lwe-lime, esondla iingcambu nge potassium-200 g yeqhekeza kwibhakethi yamanzi.

Ndingawafumana kaninzi kangakanani amanzi enebhotile emva kokutyala?

Iibhontshisi zixutywa kuphela njengoko umhlaba umile. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-waterlogging ayikwaziswa - ukusuka kule nto, iimpawu zengcamango zityalo zonakaliswa kwaye izifo ezifayo zingenzeka. Amanzi isayithi ngokuhlwa ngokuya kwe-20 cm. Ngokomyinge, ngexesha lezityalo, iibheretta zivelisa ama-5-6 ngamanzi angama-5-8 ngelitha nganye kwinqanaba leemitha, kunye ne-padding ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwemigca kunye ne-mulching. Ngethuba lokuqala i-beet ihlwayelwa, xa amahlumela amancinci, aphuhlisiwe abonakalayo. Kwiintsuku ezi-15 ukuya kwe-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi kuphelile, oku kuphucula ukhuseleko lwemifuno.