Inkohlakalo yinto ecacileyo eyenzekayo ngenxa yokucaphuka komzila wokuphefumula ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle okanye ngenxa yezifo. Ukubuza umbuzo, indlela yokuphatha ukukhwehlela okukhulu kumntu omdala, kufuneka uqale ufumene uhlobo lokukhwehlela kwaye kutheni kwenzeka, kuba ukhetho lweendlela zokonyango luxhomekeke kulo.
Iintlobo zokukhwehlela kubantu abadala - ezibangela unyango
Ukukhwehlela okuqinileyo kubonakala kwimpendulo kwiindlela zokupheka kwekhwehlela ezikulo mcosa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendlela yokuphefumula, ngokukodwa i-trachea kunye ne-bronchi. Inika umoya ophefumlelweyo, ukuvalwa kwe-glottis kunye ne-muscle tension, emva koko ukuphuma komoya kuphuma ngokukhawuleza kuphonswe kwi-chink yokuvula. Oku kunceda ukucoca iphepheni yokuphefumula ukusuka ekuhlanganiseni i-mucus, i-pus okanye i-foreign bodies.
Iimali zokufumana izikhumba ziyakucasulwa ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- i-particle (i-partic particles, i-stenosis, ukuvuvukala kwezitho zokuphefumula kunye nezakhiwo ezikufutshane, i-aortic aneurysm, i-atrium eyandisiweyo yekhohlo, i-thyroid yolwelwe);
- imichiza (inhalation of substances and smitting substances, ukungena kwesisu esiswini kwindlela yokuphefumula);
- i-thermal (inhalation ebanda kakhulu okanye umoya oshisayo, umphunga);
- ukuphendula okuvuthayo kwimizimba yempembelo yokuphefumula (i-edema, i-hyperemia, ukukhutshwa, ukunyuswa kweeseli).
Xa usenza isigqibo sokuba uphathwe njani ukukhwehlela okukhulu kumntu omdala, kuyimfuneko ukuluhlula iindidi zayo. Kule nto, ixesha lesiganeko kunye nobude, ubunzima, umkhiqizo (ubukho be-sputum kunye nesimo sawo), ukuphakama, ukulinganisa kuqikelelwa. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuchonga ubudlelwane obunokwenzeka phakathi kokubonakala kokukhwehlela nokutya, ukutshitshiswa kweengqondo okanye ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo, ukuseka ubukho beempawu ezihambelanayo.
Ukukhwehlela kancinci kumntu omdala
Ukukhwehlela komelele kunomkhuhlane ongekho ovelisayo, ongenakuvelisa i-sputum kwaye engayikhuseli. Olu hlobo lwezigulane ezikhukhumelayo lunokuthi lube luphawu oluluncedo, oluxhatshazayo, olukhuphayo, oluhambisane nokuvakalelwa kabuhlungu emqaleni, ukuphazamiseka kwezwi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhwehlela okunomileyo kuqhutyelwa ngokuxilongwa, kwaye ukuhlaselwa kunokushukunyiswa ngokuthetha, ukutshisa ukubandayo okanye umoya ongcolileyo. Kunokuba uphathe umkhuhlane owomeleleyo, kuxhomekeka kwizizathu, kwaye ziyakwazi oku kulandelayo:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kokusasazeka kwenkqubo yokuphefumula (i-laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, i-pneumonia njalonjalo);
- isifo sofuba ;
- ukusabela okungekhoyo (kwindlu, ukutya, i-pollen, i-epidermal kunye nezinye i-stimuli);
- ukuthatha imithi ethile (njengempendulo engalunganga);
- ukungena kwamagumbi angaphandle kumaziko okuphefumula;
- ukuvuthwa kweegesi ezivuthayo (kuquka umsi wecuba);
- izifo ezithintekayo (umz., ascariasis kunye nokungena kwe-helminth larvae kwi-bronchi);
- isifo sengqondo senhliziyo ("ukukhwehlela komzimba");
- isifo se-reflux esisisu ("ukukhwehlela kwesisu");
- ukwanda kwenzeni ye-thyroid.
Ukukhwehlela kwamanzi
Ukuqhoqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhoqheko kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-sputum kuthatha indawo yokukhwehlela owomileyo kunye ne-inflammatory infirmatory pathologies, ebonwa kwinqanaba lokuqala kwezi zifo. Ukongezelela, izizathu zokukhwehlela kwamanzi kubantu abadala zingabandakanywa nezi zifo zilandelayo:
- rhinitis, sinusitis ;
- i-asthma ye-bronchial;
- isifo sofuba;
- ukungahambi.
Ngohlobo lwe-sputum, unokuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo:
- ininzi - tracheitis, i-bronchitis enamandla;
- i-viscous, dense, ingenakufumaneka-i-asthma ye-bronchial;
- kunye nomxholo we-pus - bacterial infection, abscess lung;
- kunye nokuxutyushwa kwegazi - isifo sofuba;
- nge-"rusty" hue - pneumonia.
Ukukhwehlela okukhulu kunye nomkhuhlane
Umcimbi wangempela kwixesha elibandayo lonyaka kunokuphilisa ukukhwehlela okukhulu kumntu omdala, kunye nefiva. Ezi zibonakaliso zivame ukubonisa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yintsholongwane eyenziwa ngumzimba, kuquka ukuphendula kwayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ephakamileyo izinga lokushisa, kusetyenziswe iiseli ezikhuselekileyo, eziphikisana nophuhliso lwentsholongwane. Ngoko ke, musa ukukhawuleza ukuhlahla izinga lokushisa, ukuba umntu uyayinyamezela.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kukho umkhuhlane onamandla ngaphambi kokuhlanza. Indlela yokuphuma kwe-reflex ye-emetic efanelekileyo yokukhwehlela ihambelana nokuthukuthela kwamamkeli e-peripheral afakwe eludongeni lomqala. Xa le mimandla icatshulwa ngentambo eqinile, iimpawu zithunyelwa kwingqondo, apho ulwazi ludluliselwa khona ngefayili ye-vagus nererve yokubangela ukuba i-spusm i-spraym i-spraym ne-musculature yezihlunu ze-pharynx. Ngoko ukuphakama kokukhwehlela okufanelekileyo kukho ukuhlanza. Uphawu olunjalo lwenzeka kubashushu abanzi, abanezifo ezahlukileyo ezikhuselweyo, ukukhwehlela.
Ukukhwehlela okukhulu ngaphandle komkhuhlane
Ukuba ukukhwehlela okukhulu ngaphandle kokushisa kumntu omdala, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabandakanyi i-pathologies echaphazelayo. Nangona kunjalo, loo mqondiso ungabonisa iinkqubo ezingapheliyo zokuvuvukala kwinkqubo yokuphefumula, apho umzimba ungaphenduli ngokunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa. Izifo ezivuthayo, izifo zokugaya inyama, i-endocrine kunye neenqwelo ze-cardiovascular ezibonakaliswa ngumbono we-reflex azihambisani nokushisa. Phakathi kwezinto ezinokubangela ukuba kube ngumkhwehlela we-neurogenic (ingqondo ye-psychogenic), ovela kwimvelaphi yengqondo.
Ukukhwehlela ngamandla ebusuku
Xa kukho ukukhwehlela okuqinileyo kumntu omdala ebusuku, imbangela inokubakho ukucaphukisa i-sputum egciniweyo yokubuthelwa nezifo zokuphefumula. Ngomkhuhlane owomileyo awukwazi ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kwesifo senhliziyo - i-arrhythmia, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kunye nabanye. Into ehlukileyo "yentliziyo yokukhwehlela" kukuba ngethuba lokungabikho, kwaye ngobusuku kukho ukuxhamla, okuhambelana nokuphulwa kwegazi kunye nokwehla kwegazi kwimiphunga. Ukongezelela, ukukhwehlela ebusuku kubakho kwizigulane ezine-reflux isifo se-gastroesophageal, ngakumbi xa sidla ngaphambi kokulala.
Izizathu zokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kubantu abadala
Ukuba ukuhlaselwa kabuhlungu kokukhwehlela akudluli ixesha elide, kungenziwa ngenxa yokunganyaniseki okanye ukungonelanga kwesifo esibangela le mpawu. Kukho iintlobo ezingapheliyo kwezifo ezingapheliyo-zombini ezo zihamba kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumula kunye nezo zibandakanya ukunqotshwa kwamanye amalungu. Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kubonakala kubangelwa ngabantu ababhemayo, abantu abanezifo zomsebenzi zesimo sokuphefumula kunye nokuhlala kwindawo engabonakaliyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uphathe umkhwehlela okhudlwana kumntu omdala, kufuneka udibane nodokotela kwaye uqhube ukuxilongwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kuba oku kungabonakaliswa kwezifo ezinokuthi:
- isifo sofuba;
- nomhlaza;
- ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi;
- isifuba;
- isifo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo ;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
- aspergillosis.
Yintoni enokuyenza ngombhobho oqinileyo?
Ukuze ufumane okokunyanga ukukhwehlela okukhulu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isizathu saso, apho amaninzi amaninzi angenziwa kuphela ngoncedo lweengcali. Ukungabonakali ukuxilongwa nokuzihlalutya, unako ukwandisa imeko, uqalise uphuhliso olusakhulayo olunokuthi umntu ongenayo imfundo yonyango ayinakuqiqa. Ngako oko, isisombululo esona sichanekileyo siya kuba yintetho yokuqala kumgqirha oya kubeka umyalelo wokunyanga ukukhwehlela.
Ungasusa njani ukuhlaselwa kokukhwehlela kumntu omdala?
Kwiimeko xa uhlaselo olunzima luhamba kunye ne-blanching ebukhali, utshintsho kwizinga lentliziyo, ukuphefumula ubunzima, ukuphelelwa amandla, kufuneka ubize i-ambulensi. Ukuba ukuhlaselwa kubangelwa yi-asthma ye-bronchial, kwaye isigulane siyazi ukuba kukho ukuxilongwa, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iyeza elinqunywe ngugqirha ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela (inhaler). Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezingekho iziyobisi zokunciphisa ukukhwehlela okufanelekileyo okuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwenkqubo yokuphefumula:
- ukusela itiye elifudumeleyo, amanzi okanye ubisi nge-sips encinci;
- Ukuhlaziya ngokukhawuleza isonka sesinkwa kunye nokugwinya (unceda nge-sputum eninzi);
- ukutshabalalisa nayiphi na i-candy, engcono nge-mint, eucalyptus, sage.
Ukulungiselela ukukhwehlela
Xa ukhetha amayeza, kunokuba uphathwe kancinci okanye umkhwehlela omanzi kumntu omdala, ugqirha uyaqwalasela idatha efunyenwe emva kokukhupha imiphunga kunye ne-bronchi, ukuxilongwa kwe-x-ray, uhlalutyo lwe-sputum, kunye negazi. Amachiza aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa kunyango lwezifo ezihambisane nokuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela, zahlulwe ngamaqela alandelayo:
- i-mucolytics (i-phlegm) e-acetylcysteine, i-bromhexine, i-ambroxol, i-chymotrypsin;
- i-expectorant (khuthaza ukuhamba kwe-mucus) - i-thermopsis, i-althea iingcambu, i-licorice, i-thyme yakho;
- i-antitussive (ukukhusela i-reflex yekhwehlela) - iipilisi kwi-khofu ne-codeine, i-butamate, i-ethylmorphine;
- i-bronchodilators (ukukhulula i-bronchospasm) - i-salbutamol, i-theophylline, i-berodual.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi
Indlela efanelekileyo yokonyango kumaxesha amaninzi i- inhalation , enceda ukuhambisa iyeza ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuvuvukala, ukunyusa iimbumba zamathumbu okuphefumula nokuphucula ukukhulelwa kwe-sputum. Kuba le nkqubo inqweneleka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zanamhlanje - i-nebulizers. Isisombululo sokunyuselwa kwintsipho ekhongweni sikhethwe ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- saline, amanzi amaminerari;
- i-bronchodilators (i-Berotek, i-Ventolin);
- i-mucolytics (Ambrobene, ATSTS);
- iziyobisi ezichasayo (Pulmicort, Kromogeksal);
- i-antiseptics (i-Miramistin, i-Dioxydin).
Unyango lwengqungquthela kunye nezilwanyana zomntu
Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa zingabonwa unyango lokukhwehlela kunye nebhanana kunye nobusi-indlela elula kwaye efikelelekayo, esebenzayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela. Eli hlobo lonyango olucebileyo luncedo kwi-action, ekunciphiseni, ekuchaseni isenzo, ukunyuka kwizinto ezilandelwayo kunye namavithamini.
Liselo lithetha
Izithako :
- ibhanana - isiqwenga 1;
- ubusi - 1 ithispoonful. isipuni.
Ukulungiselela nokusetyenziswa
- Mash ibhanana kwi-mash.
- Yongeza ubusi.
- Beka ukubunjwa ngomlilo ocothayo kwaye ubilise, uvuselela rhoqo.
- Emva kwemizuzu emi-5-10, xa umxube uphendulela igolide elimnyama, cima umlilo.
- Thatha amaxesha amane ngosuku ngeyure enye phambi kokutya okanye iyure emva kokutya.
- Inkqubo yokonyango iintsuku ezingama-7-10.
Ukukhwehlela okukhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Oomama bamele baqaphele ngokukhethekileyo iindlela zokukhetha, indlela yokuphatha ukukhwehlela okukhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ezininzi izidakamizwa ngeli xesha zichasene, omnye kufuneka aqondiswe ngakumbi ngeendlela ezingezizo iziyobisi, indlela yokuphilisa ukukhwehlela okuqinileyo, phakathi kwethu esiza kuthi sicacise ezi ngcebiso ezilandelayo:
- Ukugcina i-microclimate efanelekileyo kwigumbi (ubuninzi bomswakama buninzi malunga ne-60%, ukushisa kwe-hewa ku-18-20 ° C).
- Sebenzisa amaninzi amaninzi afudumeleyo (ashushu).
- Ukufakelwa kwesisombululo ngesisombululo saline, amanzi amaminerali.
- Gcoba umhombo kunye ne-decoctions yemifuno.