E- Indonesia kuneentaba-mlilo ezingama-78 ezingahlali kuyo. Kwakhiwa kwinqanaba lamacwecwe amabini e-lithospheric Indo-Australia kunye ne-Eurasia. Namhlanje le ndawo yindawo eqhutywe ngamandla kwihlabathi. Ingxelo ye-1250 ikhutshwe, i-119 yayo yabangela ukubulawa kwabantu.
Iziqhumane eziphambili zase-Indonesian
Uluhlu lweentaba ezinqabileyo kakhulu e-Indonesia zilandelayo:
- I-Volcano Kelimutu . Ukuphakama kwe-1640 m. Kukho kwisiqithi sase-Flores , eshukumisa ubuhle bamachibi ayo. I-volcano yinxalenye yepaki kazwelonke yeKelimutu. Kuphezulu kwintaba akukho enye kodwa amachibi amathathu ngasikhathi sinye, ahluke ngobukhulu, umbala kunye nokubunjwa. Emva kokukhuphukela phezulu kwe-volcano yaseKelimutu e-Indonesia, uya kubona amachibi abomvu, aluhlaza kunye namabhakabhaka amnyama, ezo zinto ziza kutshintsha imihla yonke kuxhomekeke ekukhanyeni nakwimozulu.
- Kawah Ijen . Ukuphakama kwe-2400 m. Le mlilo onqumla kwisiqithi saseJava ubizwa ngokuba yi-lava ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nolwandle olukhulu lwe-acid emhlabeni. Baya apha bevela kwihlabathi lonke ukuza kubona ukubona okungaqhelekiyo-ukuhlambalaza kwelava elikhanyayo kunye nombane, ukubetha emhlabeni ukususela kwimitha emihlanu ukuphakama. I-cratter ye-volcano igcwala echibini elinzulu, apho i-sulfuric ne-hydrochloric acid ihlahlela endaweni yamanzi. Umbala we-emerald okhangayo uyingozi kakhulu. Ukusondela kwechibi ekufuphi, kunye nokuba kwintlambo ye-volantano ye-Ijen e-Indonesia ngaphandle kwemiphunga ekhethekileyo yokuphefumula, ukukhusela kwi-sulfur fumes, ayikhuselekanga.
- Intaba yaseBonon e-Indonesia. Ekhompuma yesiqithi saseJava, kuyinto enhle kakhulu kwaye inomtsalane nobukhulu bayo abaninzi bezokhenketho. Ziyakhuphukela kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-2330 m ukuhlangabezana nokuntwela kokusa kwelanga kwaye ziyakubonga iintlobo zezinto ezinqabileyo. Iintlambo zihlanganiswe ngendalo ephezulu, kodwa phezulu ukuya phezulu, i-futuristic i-landscape iba. Iindunduma zehlabathi ezimnyama, amafu angaphantsi okubamba umsi owenza ukuvakaliswa okungazilibaleki.
- I-volcano yeSinabung. Ubude buyi-2450 m. Itholakala enyakatho yeS Sumatra . Kwangexesha elide i-volcano ithathwa njengokulala, kodwa ukususela ngo-2010 kuze kube yimhla yonke iminyaka emithathu iyaphuphuma, ekhokelela ekubhujisweni nasekukhutshweni kwabemi. Kungekudala, uye wandise umsebenzi wakhe kwaye uphazamisa abemi besiqithi minyaka yonke. NgoMeyi 2017, waphinda waqala ukukhupha umlotha wamandla kangangokuthi ukutyelela kwakhe kubakhenkethi kwavaliwe ngonaphakade. Ngoku awukwazi ukufikelela kwisiqhumane seSinabung e-Indonesia ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-7, kwaye abantu abavela kwiidolophana zendawo bathathwe kwindawo ephephile.
- I-Volcano yaseLucy e-Indonesia yiyona nto inqabileyo ye-muddy kwisiqithi saseJava kwindawo yeSidoarjo . Kwabonakala ngokubonakalayo kwinkqubo yendalo yemveliso yegesi, ngelixa iqhuba imithombo. Ukususela emhlabathini ngo-2006, imilambo yodaka yaqala ukunyuka phantsi koxinzelelo lwegesi. Indawo ejikeleze ngokukhawuleza ikhukhula ngamadope enamandla. Zonke iinzululwazi zeegoloji ezisebenza ngokuganda ukuyeka ukukhululwa kwodaka, amanzi kunye ne-steam ayiphumelelanga. Abazange bancede ngisho neebhola zamatye, behlile kwi-crater ngobuninzi. Ingqungquthela yokuqhuma kwenzeka ngo-2008, xa uLucy imihla ngemihla waphonsa ngaphandle kweeyure eziyi-180 zeekhijitri. m dirt, ekhokelela ekukhutshweni kwabemi basekuhlaleni. Kuze kube yimanje, liye lahluleka phantsi kobunzima balo kwaye liye lafa okwesikhashana.
- I-Merapi Volcano e-Indonesia. Ukuphakama kwe-2970 m. Enye yeentaba-mlilo ezivame ukuvuswa kakhulu kwisiqithi saseJava, zagqitywa ngo-2014. Ama-Indonesiya abiza ngokuthi "intaba yomlilo", ekhuluma ngeeminyaka ezide ezingenzikiyo zokusebenza. Ukuqhuma kwaqala ukurekhoda ukususela ngo-1548, kwaye ukususela ngoko ke ukukhutshwa okuncinci kubakho kabini ngonyaka, kwaye kunamandla - kanye emva kweminyaka engama-7.
- I-volcano yaseKrakatoa . Kuphawuleka kakhulu ngenxa yokuqhuma kunamandla kwimbali yehlabathi. Ngesinye isikhathi kwisiqithi se-volcanic kwisiqithi sase-Lesser Sunda Islands kwakuyi-volcano yokulala. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1883, wavuka waza waphonsa ikholam yomlotha kunye nomlilo ongama-70 km ukuya esibhakabhakeni. Ayikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo, intaba yaqhuma, yabulala amaqhekeza angamaqhekeza emgama wama-500 km. Ingqungquthela yokutshatyalaliswa kwindlunkulu yayidilizwe ezinye izakhiwo, uphahla oluninzi, iifestile kunye neengcango. I-tsunami yaphakama ibe ngama-30 m, kwaye ukutshitshiswa kwamanzi kwakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke amaxesha angama-7. Namhlanje intaba ephantsi kwe-813 m ngaphaya kwezinga elwandle, elikhula minyaka yonke kwaye libuyisela umsebenzi walo. Emva kwemilinganiselo yamuva, i-volcano yase Krakatoa e-Indonesia iyanqatshelwe ukusondela kufuphi no-1500 m.
- Tambora . Ukuphakama ngo-2850 m. Kufumaneka kwisiqithi saseSumbawa kwiqela leZingqungquthela zaseSunda. Ukugqibela ukugqitywa kwelokuba kwakunjalo ngo-1967, kodwa eyona edumileyo yayingu-1815, eyayibizwa ngokuba "unyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo." Ngo-Apreli 10, i-volcano evulekileyo yaseTambor e-Indonesia yatshisa ilangabi ekuphakameni kweemitha ezingama-30, umlotha kunye ne-sulfure umpompo wachaza i-stratosphere, eyabangela utshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu, olubizwa ngokuba yimvula encinane.
- I-Volcano Semeru . Ubude 3675 m, le ngongoma ephezulu ye siqithi seJava. Igama linikezwa ngabantu bendawo ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaHindu u-Semer, bahlala bexoxa ngaye "kuMahamer", oku kuthetha "iNtaba eNkulu". Ukunyuka kule ntaba kuyakufuna ukuba ube nomsebenzi okwaneleyo kwaye uza kuthatha ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini. Kuyafaneleka kubavakhenkethi abanolwazi nabazithembekileyo. Ukusuka phezulu kunemibono ephosakeleyo yesiqithi, izilwanyana eziluhlaza kunye nezilwanyana ezingapheliyo zaseMartian, ezitshiswayo. I-volcano iyasebenza kwaye ihlala iphosa amafu omsi nomlotha.
- Intaba-mlilo yeKerinci . I-volcano enkulu kunazo zonke, i-3800 m ngaphezu kwinqanaba lolwandle, i-Indonesia kwi siqithi saseSumatra, epaki kazwelonke. Ngeenyawo zalo zihlala iigubane zaseStatran ezidumileyo kunye neJavan rhinoceroses. Phezulu kwinqanaba le-voltanic liphezulu, libhekwa njengelona liphezulu phakathi kwamachibi ase-mpuma ye-Asia.
- I-volcano yeBatur . Uthandayo lwabahambi abaxabisa ubuhle beBali . Apha abahanjethi beza ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangabeza ukusa kwelanga baze bahloniphe indawo emangalisayo ye siqithi. Ukuphakama kwe-volcano kungama-1700 m kuphela, ukunyuka kuyinkimbinkimbi, kufumaneka kubantu abangazilungiselelanga. Ukongezelela kubakhenkethi, i-Balinese ngokwabo bahlala bekhuphuka intaba-mlilo. Bakholelwa ukuba oothixo bahlala entabeni, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukunyuka kwabo bathandaza kubo baze benze imihango kunye neminikelo.