Ibinzana elithi "ibhokisi lePandora" lafika kuthi kwiGrisi yamandulo, yaba ngumntu wendalo kunye neentlungu. Kukho inguqulelo, into ebizwa ukuba intombazana uPandora igcinwe, amaGrike athiwa ngenye indlela. Kodwa, ukuguqulela le ngqungquthela, isazi senzululwazi u-Erazim Rotterdam yabiza le ncwadana ibhokisi kwenzululwazi yakhe "IMizekeliso." Kule fomu, eli lizwi liye laphila kulo mhla.
Ibhokisi lePandora - yintoni na?
Ibhokisi lePandora yindawo ebenzileyo kunye nezifo, isipho esinzima esilungiselelwe abantu ngegama lesiGrike elithi Zeus. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inkulumo ethi "ibhokisi yePandora" yaba nephiko, kwaye yafumana ukutolika okuphindwe kabini:
- Ukuzifanisa kwazo zonke iintlobo zokugula.
- Umntu onomdla kakhulu, owathi, ngokunyamezela kwakhe, unokuzilimaza yena nabanye.
Le ngqungquthela yayithandwa kakhulu ngamaGrike kunye namaRoma, kwiimbali zombini, ukusola kwezinto ezenzekile kwabekwa koothixo kunye noPandora, owavula le bhokisi. Inomdla kunye nokunye ukuchazwa, kubonakala ngekhulu le-17, kubonga kubakhi befestile. Ukubonisa iimpahla ezifake imfashini, izidalwa zenyama zenziwe, ezazibeka ngokuzithandela ezindlwini zityebi. La manani abizwa ngokuba yiPandora, ngenxa yokuba:
- idodoli yavula izifuba ngeengubo;
- Iintsikelelo zajika zaba zizinto eziphathekayo kwaye zihlakazekile kwihlabathi, zinika abafazi injabulo.
Ibhokisi likaPandora - inkolelo okanye inyaniso?
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaphikisana ngamashumi eminyaka kungakhathaliseki ukuba ibhokisi likaPandora likhoyo. Ukuba sithatha isiseko semfundiso yokuba ngaphambi kokubonakala kwiMhlaba wePandora ngomthwalo onobungozi, uluntu alungazi izifo, sinokucinga ukuba ngumbuzo wophuhliso lomncintiswano. Kukho iinguqulelo ze-casket ezingaziwayo zePandora:
- Intlekele yezinto eziphilayo ezitshintshe i-genetics yabantu.
- Isipho sempucuko yasemaphandleni eyenza uvavanyo lwabantu baseMhlabeni.
- Into eyatshatyalalisayo impucuko ephakamileyo yeplanethi yethu, ishiya enye eyasinda, kodwa ilahlekile kwimitshintsho yempilo kunye nokukwazi ukulawula amandla.
Igosa lebhokisi lePandora
Umbuzo ngokukhawuleza uvela: kutheni inqanawa yentlekele ehambelana negama le ntombazana, kungekhona uZeus, owaluqalayo? Eli bali lixelwa ngongoma ngebhokisi lePandora, abemi baseHellas baye balondoloza. Xa abantu bevutha umlilo kwi-titan ye-Prometheus kwaye babesilingana noothixo, abalawuli base-Olympus baba nomsindo kakhulu baza bagqiba ukuhlwaya bonke abantu. Bakha ubuhle bePandora, ukuze eze eMhlabeni ibhokisi eneengxaki.
Igama liguqulela ngokuthi "bonke abanesipho", elowo unkulunkulu uzame ukunika intombazana impawu ezintle:
- UHephaestus wanikela umbala omangalisayo;
- U-Aphrodite wanikwa ubuhle;
- Athena wayilungisa iimpahla ezicebileyo;
- UHera wanikela ingqondo enkulu;
- IHermes - ubuchule kunye nobuchule ;
- UZeus waphefumlela umphefumlo kunye nesisa.
Kutheni sifuna ibhokisi lePandora?
Ibhokisi likaPandora liyingqungquthela, efana nebali lehashe leTrojan, kuba intombazana ayengazi apho kwaye kutheni ithunyelwa, kwaye nangona imithwalo engaqondakaliyo uThunderbird ngokwakhe. Ekuqaleni, umfazi omhle wanikelwa u-Prometheus, kodwa wala, ngenxa yokuba wayelinde ubuqhetseba obuqhetseba bezithixo. U-Pandora wathandana nomzalwana we-titan, uEpitem, kwaye wamkelwa endlwini yakhe ngeendleko ezithobekileyo. Ngokwenguqu yamaRoma imithwalo yomtshakazi yayiswe nguTem Mercury ngokwakhe.
Yintoni ibhokisi yePandora ithetha ukuba isihlwayo esiyinkimbinkimbi kubantu, okwenziwa nguZeyus. Kwaye kamva waba ngumfanekiso wento awaqala ngayo:
- nkxwaleko;
- izifo;
- iintlungu.
Yintoni ebhokisini lePandora?
Abanye abaphandi bacinga ukuba umxholo wesipho sikaZeus wawubhalwe ngobulumko ngabachazi bamandulo. Imfihlelo yebhokisi yePandora iye yahlala ingaphendulwanga kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, kwaye iintlungu nezifo ezifakwe kwisitya zingachazwa ngokuthi:
- iintsholongwane ezibulalayo okanye eziyingozi;
- ayibonakali kwimbewu yamehlo, ayityhefu umhlaba;
- i-radiation, echukumisa zonke iintlobo zeentambo.
Ukuba sicinga ukuba ngoothixo bamaxesha amandulo abantu babiza abavela kwezinye iiplanethi, kunengqiqo ukuvuma ukuba kukho ibhokisi enezinto eziyingozi. Le nguqulo ixhaswa yinyaniso yokuba uZeus wadala iintsilelo zesidenge ukuze siphumelele kubantu ngokuthula nangokungaqondi. Emva koko, iintsholongwane kunye namayeza awubonakali kwiso luntu. Abafilosofi bachaza intsingiselo yenkolelo ngendlela yabo, ekuthiwa ibhokisi yePandora yayisisitya segunya lobubi esasazeka kwihlabathi.
Ngubani owavula ibhokisi lePandora?
UZeus wayenqanda uPandora ukuba avule isipho, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kulindeleke ukuba ubuhle obunomdla obungenakukwazi ukumelana nesilingo. Imfihlelo yebhokisi likaPandora yaphela ngokukhawuleza ukuba ibe njalo, okhethiweyo oothixo wabuza malunga neziqulatho. Inkolelo ithi ukususela apho kwadalwa izidalwa ezincinane ezaqala ukukhwaza intombazana. Ukuba sithembele kulo mboniso, sinokucinga ukuba ngokwenene umfazi omhle ukhululile izinambuzane - abathwali beentsholongwane ezimbi. Ngezihluthulelo zebhokisi zePandora zithe cwaka. Kwiimbongo zezinye izibongo zamaGrike kuthiwa uZevs ngokwakhe uthi unika intloko kwintombazana.
Yintoni eseleyo kwibhokisi yePandora?
Inkolelo ithi emva kokuba ubuhle buvule i-casket eyingozi kwaye ixatywe ngezilwanyana ezinamaphiko, ngokukhawuleza wavala isiqhekeza. Kodwa ke ilizwi lomntu landixelele ukuba ndivule kwakhona ukuze ndiphilise kumanxeba. Oku kwashiwo nguNadezhda, oko uZeus anike abantu kubathuthuzela. Kwaye kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeziganeko:
- UPandora waphulaphula, wakhulula uNadezhda waza waphiliswa.
- Intombazana yayinoyika ukuvula kwakhona i-casket, kwaye iVain Hope yahlala ngonaphakade.
Yintoni eseleyo phantsi kwebhokisi likaPandora? Ngokwezinye iinguqulelo zanamhlanje, kwisitya kunye neentsholongwane kwakukho i-antidote, efana negesi. Kodwa akuzange kuvimbele ingozi ngenxa yezizathu ezinjalo:
- le nkunkuma yayincinci;
- igesi yakhululwa kwisitya emva kwexesha, abathwali bee-virus babesasabalalisa;
- i-antivenom ayikuchaphazeli onke amaxhoba.
Kwixesha la mandulo ukuphela kwesiganeko ngebhokisi likaPandora kwachazwa ngolu hlobo: kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubandezeleka bunjani, umntu uya kuhlala exhaswa yithemba. Yintoni ebhokisini yePandora, isalokhu imfihlakalo. Abafilosofi badinga izigqibo zabo: okulungileyo nokubi akuveli ndawo, zidalwe ngabantu ngokwabo. Kwaye kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo somntu, yintoni ayeza kukwenza, kwaye ngubani oya kuhlala naye: ngokuphelelwa yinto embi okanye nethemba lokulungileyo.