Uhlalutyo lwe-Spirometry luhlolisiso lomsebenzi wokuphefumla, apho iingcaphephe zithatha umthamo wayo kunye nesivinini. Ukufundwa okunjalo kuyimfuneko yokuxilongwa kwezifo, enye indlela okanye enye inxulumene nomsebenzi wokuphefumula ongasebenzi, okanye ukungatshintshi okwenziwe nge-oxygen emzimbeni.
Iintlobo ze-spirometry
Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezine zeesampuli ze-spirometric:
- iimvavanyo zokusebenza, ezisebenzisa imithi ekhethekileyo-bronchodilators, ukususa i-bronchospasm.
- uvavanyo lokuphefumula ukuphefumula;
- ukunyanzeliswa kovavanyo;
- vavanyo lwe ventilation.
Ukuze isampuli isebenzise i-device ekhethekileyo-i-spirometer, ekuvumela ukuba ulinganise umlinganiselo womoya ovela emiphakeni. Isetyenziselwa uvavanyo olubanzi lwendlela yokuphefumula, eyona nqanaba eliyimfuneko yokuchongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo ezithile.
Ukungqinelana kunye neenjongo ze-spirometry yemiphunga
Le ndlela yokubhalela iimviwo ayinakunciphisa kwiiparitha zeminyaka kwaye ayinakuphikiswa.
Kukholelwa ukuba i-spirometry kufuneka iqhutywe ngabo bonke ababhemayo, ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, ukwenzela ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokuphefumula kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukufumana ukuphazamiseka ngexesha.
I-Spirometry iyakwazi ukubona izifo zamaphaphu, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nokufunda indlela yokuphefumula efanele .
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ufumene isifo se-asthma , isifo se-pulmary disease, kunye ne-sarcoidosis.
I-Spirometry
Ukuze inkqubo isebenzise i-spirometer, ebonisa ngokucacileyo umthamo we-air inhaled and exhaled air. Ukuze kugcinwe ubuqhetseba benkqubo, isixhobo sinikezelwe nganye kwimeko yomlomo olahlayo.
Okokuqala, isigulane siceliwe ukuba siphefumle kwaye siphephe umoya, emva koko kufuneka uqhube umlenze ngokugqithiseleyo, uze uphume ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane umoya ozolileyo. Kwizifo ezingapheliyo zamaphaphu, le nkqubo inokuthatha imizuzwana eyi-15. Emva kokuba ukuphefumlelwa kugqityiwe, isigulane siceliwe ukuba siphefumle, siphefumle kwaye siphumelele umoya.
Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuphefumula ukucoca kubalwa, kwaye okwesibini - amandla okuphumla.
Ukuchaneka kweedatha, le nqubo iqhutyelwa kathathu kwaye isalathiso esiphezulu siphumo.
Ukumisa i-spirometry
I-Spirometry inezibonakaliso eziliqela:
- UKUPHILA - umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wemiphunga;
- I-FVC - kunye nokunyuka komfutho, ukuhlukana phakathi komthamo womoya kwimiphunga ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwe-exhalation kubalwa;
- I-FEV1 - ivolumu yokuphefumula kwisibini yokuqala;
- I-PIC - izinga lokuphumayo;
- UMOS - isantya sokunyakaza kwomoya ngexesha lokuphela.
Imigangatho ye-spirometry
Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswe kwipelometer ye-LEL, ephuma kumaphesenti:
- ngokuqhelekileyo - ngaphezulu kwama-90%;
- umgangatho wesimo - 85-90%;
- ukuphambukiswa okulinganisiweyo - 70-84%;
- iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo - 50-69%;
- ukuphambuka okubukhali - ngaphantsi kwama-50%.
Kwimimiselo ye-FEV1, amamethrikhi alandelayo aboniswa njengepesenti:
- ngokuqhelekileyo - ngaphezu kwama-85%;
- umgangatho wesimo - 75-85%;
- ukuphungula okuthe ngqo - 55-74%;
- iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo - 35-54%;
- ukuphambuka okubukhali - ngaphantsi kwama-35%.
Le miqathango yafunyanwa nguL.Schick noN.Kanaev ngo-1980.