Kwamanye abantu, i- enamel inombala ongalinganiyo kunye nesakhiwo esingaqhelekanga, esineentlobo, iiputi kunye nezinye iziphoso. Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-fluorosis, sinenkinga engapheliyo. I-Pathology ifana kuphela kwiindawo ezithile, ngoko ke kunokuthinteka ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Fluorosis - udidi
Kukho iintlobo ezi-5 zesi sifo esicatshungulwayo, ezahlukileyo kwiimpawu kunye nobunzima bekhosi. Iifom zokuqala ezi-3 ze-fluorosis zihamba ngokulula kwaye zingabhubhisi ilahleko zamathambo, ezinye iindidi zikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwayo. Ukwahlula kubandakanya oku kwahluka kwezi zifo:
- dashed;
- zibonwa;
- mellovid-mottled;
- lukhuni;
- kutshabalalisa.
Ifom echaphazelekayo ye-fluorosis
Uhlobo oluthile lwe-pathology lukwahluke ngoku lukhona ngokulula, aluqhelekanga phawula kwiindawo zalo zokuqala. Ifom ye-fluorosis ibonakala ngokubonakala kwimizinyo, ngokukodwa i-incisors ephezulu, yamacwecwe amancinci amancinci. Ekuqaleni baphantse bahluke, kodwa ekugqibeleni badibanise kwindawo. Ukuba uyayibheka, unokufumana ukubetha kwexesha elide. Ukuchithwa kwamazinyo okunjalo kunokunyangwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo nelichanekileyo. Olu hlobo lwesifo alubanga iinkxalaleko kunye nokutshabalalisa i-koqweqwe lwawo.
Ifom echanekileyo ye-fluorosis
Olu hlobo lwesifo luhamba kunye nokubonakala kokukhanya okubhengeziweyo kumanzi amaninzi amaninzi, ngokukodwa i-incisors ephezulu nakwezantsi. Kancinci ichazwe nge-eamel fluorosis iyaqhubeka, iindawo ezincinci zidibanisana kunye, zenza iifom ezinkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha atshintsha umbala ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumthunzi okanye obomvu. Ubungqineli bohlobo oluthile lwesifo - i-enamel kwindawo yendawo ilula kakhulu kwaye ikhanya.
Ifom ye-Melotic-mottled of fluorosis
Uhlobo oluthabathelweyo lwe-pathology lubonakaliswa yimibonakalo eyahlukileyo, ebonakala ngokubonakalayo kwaye ibangela ukungathandeki kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqalise ukuphatha unyango olunjalo oluhamba ngefowuni luhamba kunye nokubunjwa kuwo onke amazinyo asemhlophe, aphuzi okanye a mabala aphezulu. Ngaphandle kwonyango olufike ngexesha, i-enamel iyatshatyalaliswa. Le flororosis yamazinyo kwezinye iimeko idibaniswe nokutyunjwa kwiindawo ezithile. Kubukeka ngathi ukungahlambuluki okungaqhelekanga malunga ne-0.1-0.2 mm ububanzi kunye nobubanzi be-1-1.5 mm.
Uhlobo olubi lwe-fluorosis
Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, i-enamel inokuthi i-yellow hue okanye i-brown hue. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-pigmentation, iindawo ezineempembelelo ezinkulu zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Izifo ze-fluorosis yefomu echaziweyo zikhokelela ekuveleni kokukhukhula okukhulu kunye nokukhukhula. Ukuba awuthathi nanyathelo lonyango, i-enamel iyasuswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye sele i-dentin isele ibhujiswe. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuqhubela phambili kwe-pathology kuphelela ekulahlekelweni kweendawo ezininzi zamazinyo.
Ifomu lokubhubhisa
Uhlobo oluthile lwesifo lubhekwa njengesona kunzima kakhulu. I-fluorosis engonakalisi yingozi idala i-pigmentation eqinile ye-enamel, efumana umbala obomvu okanye obomvu obomvu. Ekubeni phezulu, ngokukhawuleza yabona iichips ezininzi, ukuguguleka kwamanzi, amanqatha kunye nezinye iziphoso. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwefuthe lamazinyo ngokufanayo kufana nokutshabalalisa izicubu zabo. Umzimba uzama ukuhlawulela le nkqubo ngokuzihlukanisa nokufaka indawo yedentin, kodwa oku akwaneleyo. Amazinyo ahlambulukile, ahlala ehla phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi.
Isizathu sentsholongwane
I-pathology echazwayo iqala ukuphuhlisa nangaphambi kokuqhuma kwamazinyo asisigxina . Ukuphefumula komzimba kuthintela abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinamaqondo aphezulu e-fluoride emanzini. Ukuxinwa kwelo lwazi kuku-1 mg / l, ubuninzi - 1.5 mg / l. Ukuba umntwana usebenzisa amanzi anesiphelo esiphezulu se-fluorine iminyaka engaphezu kwezi-3 ezilandelelanayo, isifo sofilosofi sele silimaza amazinyo akhe asisigxina, nokuba ingaba sakhula. Inqabile kakhulu isifo sichaphazela i-enamel yobisi.
Umntu omdala oye wathuthela kwindawo ene-fluoride engqalileyo emanzini akabonakali kwi-fluorosis. Umngcipheko wokulimala ngononophelo unomphela kuphela xa ukuxinwa kweekhemikhali ezichaziweyo kuphezulu kune-6 mg / l. Ithuba lokugula nge-fluorosis kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-fluoride emanzini. Inani labantu abachaphazelekayo kwimimandla engqameneyo ngokuxininisa kwento:
- ngaphantsi kwe-1 mg / l - 10-12%;
- 1-1.5 mg / l - 20-30%;
- 1,5-2 mg / l - 30-50%
- ngaphezu kwe 2 mg / l - ngaphezulu kwama-50%.
Fluorosis - iimpawu
Kulula ukuphawula ukuqhutyelwa kokuqhubela phambili kwentsholongwane nakwiindlela zokuqala. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamazinyo kunye nobunzima beklinikhi yakhe yekliniki kuxhomekeke ekuqinikeni kwesi sifo. Okona kubonakaliswe ngaphezulu kwimizimba yamathambo, kulula ukuyihlolisisa eso sifo. Izibonakaliso zangaphandle ze-fluorosis ziquka iziphene ze-eamel kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, amaninzi angaphambili:
- maqela;
- amaqabunga;
- ukubetha;
- zibala;
- ukukhukhula;
- imingxuma;
- zips kunye nabanye.
Amanqanaba e-fluorosis
Kwamazinyo, isifo esicatshangelwayo sihlelwe kwiinqanaba ezi-5 zobunzima:
- Kukhanya kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-fluorosis ayibalulekanga kwaye ingaphephekanga. Umbala we-enamel ungatshintshi.
- Kulula. Ngamazinyo angatshatanga, kunamabala amanqabileyo amhlophe-amhlophe okanye imifutshane emfutshane. Ubungakanani bomhlaba wesilonda lufikelela kwi-25% ye-koqweqwe lwawo wonke.
- Eyona ndlela. Izibetho, amabala kunye neziphumo ezincinane zibonakala ngokubonakalayo. Ummandla wesithsaba sento uwonakaliswe malunga nama-50%.
- Umyinge. Ukongeza kwiimpazamo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe (melovid), kukho indawo ephuzi kunye nobomdaka, ngamanye amaxesha amakhulu. Ngenxa yokucocwa kwe-enamel kunye nokuvezwa kwe-dentin, ukukhutshwa kwezinyo kunye nezinye izifo zomlomo ziyabonwa.
- Lukhulu. Ngaphezu kwe-70% yeenqatha zinozinyo zonakaliswe. Ukugujwa kwe-eamel kuthethwa kakhulu, kunombala obomvu okanye obomvu ongabonakaliyo. Izipho eziphezulu zijonge ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziphenduke ukukhukuliseka okukhulu. I-enamel isusiwe kwaye icatshulwa, amazinyo ayaqhwala kwaye kaninzi atshabalalise. Ukuba i-fluorosis kule nqanaba iqhubeka, kukho iingxaki. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukuba ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo kunye nokulimala amathambo omzimba.
Fluorosis - Ukuxilonga
Ukufumanisa umonakalo kwi-koqweqwe lwasemzimbeni kwimvelaphi ye-fluoride engaphezu komzimba ongenakho kuphela kuphela wamazinyo, kodwa kunye nodokotela wezilwanyana kunye neengcali. I-symptomatology yesifo kunye nokuqokelela u-anamnesis uncedo ukutyhila ngokucacileyo. Ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo kwe-fluorosis kuyimfuneko xa unqatshelwe ukuba uyayicima. Ukwahlula ezi zigulo zilula kakhulu ngeempawu ezithile.
I-Fluorosis ithinta ama-vestibula kunye namazwi angamazinyo, ebonakalisa izilonda ezininzi ze-enamel. IiCary zendawo kwindawo yokudibanisa kunye neengcango, zibukeka njengamabala amhlophe amhlophe. Enye into ebonakalayo ye-fluorosis - ukubonakala kwangoko emva kokukhupha kwamazinyo asisigxina. Iikhoyari zenzeka kwizakhiwo zethambo zesifuba.
I-Fluorosis yamazinyo - unyango
Ulwaphulo lomonakalo kwi-enamel luphuhliswa ngokuqwalasela ifom kunye nesigaba senkqubo ye-pathological process. Ukuba i-fluorosis echaphazelekayo okanye ewonakalisayo ifunyaniswa, unyango luquka ukubuyiswa kohlobo kunye nombala wesithsaba inxalenye yamazinyo ngoncedo lwe:
- Izakhiwo ze-Orthopedic ( izithambiso );
- izixhobo zokuzalisa izakhi;
- Ukukhangela izikhonkwane ezinezithsaba ezibonakalayo.
Ukuqhaqhabalaza, i-melovid-speckled and spotted fluorosis yezinyo zinyango ihamba kunye neenguqu kuphela kumthunzi we-koqweqwe lwawo, kaninzi kunomonakalo omncinci kwi-topcoat yayo. Ukunyanga iintlobo ezinjalo zokugula, kunokwakheka kwamanzi kunye nokuhlaziywa kwendawo, eziqhutyelwa zezifundo ezininzi ezilandelanayo kwiofisi yamazinyo.
Ixhamla nge-fluorosis
Ukucoceka komntu kubaluleke kakhulu ekunyanga kwesi sifo. Enye yezindlela ezincedisayo zokuphatha i-fluorosis yinto eqhubekayo yokusetyenziswa kwamagqabhagqabha akhethekileyo. Iimveliso ezinjalo akufanele ziqulethe i-fluoride, kuyinqweneleka ukuba ziqulethe i-calcium egugulayo, izinto ezicokisekileyo kunye nezinto ezikhusela ukuphuhliswa kwee- caries . Kunconywe i-teethpaste yamazinyo achaphazelekayo ngama-fluorosis:
- UMongameli oyedwa. Iqukethe i-pantothenate, i-lactate ne-calcium glycerophosphate - iimveliso eziqinisa nokubuyisela i-enamel. Kwanokubunjwa kwipapain, i-plaque yokuqhawula, kunye ne-xylitol, ephucula ukubunjwa kwayo, kwaye ingathathi nzulu imeko yendalo emlonyeni womlomo.
- SPLAT Maximum, Biocalcium. Bobabini beedesine bane-papain kunye ne-polydon, ebangela ukuba kususwe ngokuthe tye kodwa ngokuphumelelayo kweplate. I-calcium ifakwe ngendlela ye-hydroxyapatite kunye ne-lactate - iifom ze-digestible kalula. I-SPLAT Maximum iqulethe i-enzyme, i-zinc citrate kunye ne-licorice ekhutshwayo, ukubonelela ngononophelo olunzulu lomlomo.
- Asepta. Kwinqumle akukho nto engabonakaliyo - i-hydroxyapatite calcium, i-papain ne-potassium citrate. Imveliso inceda ekuphuculeni imeko ye-koqweqwe lwawo, inqanda ukubunjwa kweplate kwaye kunciphisa ubuzwe bamazinyo.
- I-ROCS Isithako esisebenzayo i-calcium glycerophosphate, eyenziwa lula kwaye idibeneyo kwiindawo eziwonakalisiweyo ze-enamel. Ukuthintela ukwakheka kwepali kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-caries kwi-paste kufakwe ibromelain kunye ne-xylitol.
- Iiperile ezintsha. Inketho eyona nto ifikelelekayo yefluorosis. Kwi-arhente azikho i-enzymes e-bleach kwaye isusa izinto ze-plaque, kodwa kukho "inobungane" yecalcium - icrate.
Amazinyo aguqa nge-fluorosis
Susa iziphene ezibonakalayo kwi-eamel kuphela kwiofisi yamazinyo. I-bleaching Professional kunye ne-fluorosis yenziwa ngeendlela ezintathu:
- I laser. Okokuqala, amazinyo ahlanganiswe i-gel esekelwe kwi-hydrogen peroxide. Ukubonisa umbala oqhelekileyo we-koqweqwe lwawo, zikhanyiswa ngumgqomo we-laser.
- Ngendlela yamachiza. Njengama-agent agents, iisombululo ze-carbamide peroxide kunye ne-hydrogen, i-acids engabonakaliyo (i-hydrochloric, i-phosphoric) isetyenziswa. Ngokukhawuleza emva kwenkqubo, amazinyo agqitywa nge-calcium gluconate okanye i-Remodent, iingubo eziphazamisayo.
- Shlifovkoy. Uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-enamel lususwe usebenzisa unobumba olukhethiweyo olusekelwe kwi-carborundum, i-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-silicon gel. Emva kokugaya, isithsaba esiphathwe ngayo sihlanganiswe nge-perhydrol kwaye sixiliswe ngesibane se-quartz. Ekupheleni kokunyanzeliswa, ukukhunjulwa kwenziwa.
Kwiseshoni enye nayiphi na inkqubo ebhaliweyo, ayiyi kukwazi ukucoca amazinyo ngokupheleleyo. Ekutyelelweni okulandelayo kwidokotela wamazinyo, amalungiselelo asebenzayo aya kusetyenziswa kuphela kwimimandla emnyama ye-enamel, kodwa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifunwayo, iimfuno ezi-3-20 zifunekayo (isixa sincike kwisantya se-fluorosis kunye nombala weziphene). Unyango oluphindaphindiweyo kufuneka lwenziwe emva kweenyanga ezi-6-8, apho amazinyo atyala ukuba athathe i-glycerophosphates kunye namalungiselelo e-calcium ngaphakathi, ngokugqithiseleyo ukugcina imigaqo yokucoceka ngomlomo.
Ukuthintela inyolo i-fluorosis
Amanyathelo okukhusela angaba ngabanye kunye kunye kunye. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuthintela i-fluorosis kubandakanya:
- ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ngefluoride (isipinashi, intlanzi yolwandle, ioli yezilwanyana);
- ukulawula umgangatho kunye nokubunjwa kwamanzi okusela;
- ukucebisa ukutya kunye namavithamini C, D, calcium gluconate;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamagqabi okutya ngaphandle kwe-fluoride;
- ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweemveliso zobisi.
Kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukukhusela ukugula kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Abazali akufanele baqale ukuzisa iinqweba, kuyinqweneleka ukuphepha ubisi olungumgubo. Kunconywa ukuba unike amanzi kumabhodlela, okanye uyifake endaweni yobisi, iisisi. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, oogqirha bacebisa ngelinye ihlobo ukuba bamthabathe iinyanga ezi-2-3 ukuya kwindawo ephephile (ngokwemigxininiso ye-fluoride).
Imisebenzi ehlangeneyo yokukhusela i-teeth fluorosis kubemi, inxaxheba kurhulumente wengingqi. Ukuthintela kufuna:
- ukubuyisela umthombo wamanzi kubasebenzisi;
- ukunciphisa inani le-fluoride ngokucoca ngokukhethekileyo;
- Ukuxutywa kwamanzi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo (umzekelo, amaqula kunye nemithombo).