I-bronchitis evimbelayo - ibangela, unyango kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo zesifo

I-brronchitis isifo esivuthayo apho iimbumba ezinamaqabunga ezindonga ze-bronchi zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye-pathological. Ukuba i-bronchitis ephazamisayo ifunyaniswa, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuvuvukala kuhambelana ne- bronchial obstruction syndrome, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa i-lumen ye-bronchi iyabonwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuhamba kwomoya kuphephe.

Inkqubo yokhuselo olunobunzima

I-Bronchi iyilungu lembini yesiphene sokuphefumula, ibukeka ngendlela ebonakalayo njenge-bifurcation ye-trachea ibe ngamacandelo amabini, apho iifowuni ezisesekondari (umthi onqabileyo) ziphuma khona. Amasebe amancinci amancinci ahlanganiswe kwiikholeji ze-alveolar, ekupheleni kwe-alveoli ezikhoyo - ukubunjwa kwebhola emapapu, apho i-exchange exchange gas isenzeka khona. Umsebenzi oyintloko wee-tubon bronchial ukugcina umoya ngexesha lokuphefumlelwa kunye nokucoca ngokukhawuleza, ukucoca kunye nokufudumeza, kunye nokukususa ngexesha lokuphumayo.

Ngokuchasene neziganeko ezivuthayo eziphuhlisayo kwi-bronchi phantsi kwefuthe lezinto ezinomsindo, kukho ukuhla kwe-immunity, kwenkqubo yokukhusela i-bronchi iphelile ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yayo. Kwiimfucu ze-mucosa, utshintsho lwezakhiwo ludibaniswa ne-hypertrophy yeengqungquthela ezivelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-bronchial kunye nokuguqulwa kweeseli ze-epithelium eciliated ekhokelela kwi-phlegm kwii-cell-producing bullets. Ngenxa yoko, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-pathogenetic triad idalwa:

• ukukhushulwa kwe-bronchial;
• ukuwohloka kwe-sputum evela kubo;
• ukulibaziseka nokuqokelela kwemfihlo yokuvutha.

Ezi nkqubo zikhokelela ekusungulweni kweendlela zokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, okuhluke kwizinto ezenzekayo ngokungabinqanda. Iingcali ziqaphele ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwe-bronchial kuvela ngeendlela eziguquguqukayo nezingenakuphikiswa. Iyokuqala:

• Ukunciphisa i-lumen ye-bronchi ngenxa yokuqhaqhazeka kwemisipha (bronchospasm);
• ukuvuvukala okuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwe-bronchi ye-mucous ne-submucosa;
• ukuzaliswa komthi onqabileyo kunye nomdaka obunzima, ungadli kakuhle.

Kwixesha elizayo, ezi ndlela zitshintshwa zingenakwenzeka:

• i-stenosis ye-bronchi, ihamba kunye ne-overgrowth ye-lumen yayo;
• Ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ekuphumeni kwamanzi avela kwamasebe amancinci e-bronchi;
• ukuguquka kwodonga lwembrane ye-bronchi enkulu kunye ne-trachea ngokukhupha kwi-lumen ye-airways.

Iimbangela ze-bronchitis eziphazamisayo

Kwizigulane zabantu abadala, i-bronchitis ephazamisayo isoloko ikhula phantsi kweempembelelo zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• ukutshaya ucuba, apho i-airways iqokelela izinto ezinobungozi eziphazamisa inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa, kunye nokuvuvukala kweembrane ngenxa yobumsindo;
• Izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi ezihambelana nokufuthwa komoya, okuqulethe uthuli, i-chemical compounds;
• izifo eziphefumula rhoqo, zibuthathaka iinkqubo zokukhusela zenkqubo yokuphefumula;
• i-genetic factor - ukwephulwa kwemveliso ye-α1-antitrypsin protein, ekhokelela ekubhujisweni kwemiphunga.

Kukho amadididi amaninzi ekwehla kwi-lumen ye-bronchi:

1. Ukuvinjelwa okulula - akubanga kubakho ukungonakaliswa okuphawulekayo kwindlela yokuhamba ngomoya kunye neenguqu ezinxulumene nazo.
2. Isithintelo esifanelekileyo se-bronchi - xa i-lumen ye-bronchi ivaliwe ngaphantsi kwe-50%.
3. Isilinganiselo esibukhulu sokukhutshwa - ukubonakaliswa kwe-lumen ye-bronchi iyancitshiswa kakhulu, nto leyo ibangela ukuncipha kwe-oksijini egazini kunye nokuhlaselwa komsebenzi kuzo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo.

I-bronchitis evimbelayo

I-bronchitis evimbelayo kwifom eqaqambileyo ihlala ikhula ebuntwini xa ikhuselwe yi-viral pathogens, ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye ngenxa yeempembelelo zokugula. Ukuxhomekeka kwesi sifo kuba abantwana abanomzimba obuthathaka, obunemvelaphi ephakamileyo ephezulu, iimeko zokuzalwa. Ngokubanzi, amasebe amancinci naphakathi achaphazelekayo, kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwe-bronchi enkulu kunqabile.

I-bronchitis engavimbayo

Kwinkqubo engapheliyo, kukho ixesha lokuxolelwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa, okubonakaliswa yimbonakalo yabo. Kuboniswe kule fomu yesifo ikakhulukazi amadoda, njengokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthathwe isenzo kuzo izinto ezinobungozi (ukutshaya, izingozi zomsebenzi) ziphezulu. Kule meko, kunokubakho ukukhutshwa kwe-bronchi encinci, kunye nokuncipha kwi-lumen ye-bronchi enkulu kunye nephakathi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-alveolar.

I-bronchitis yokuvalela - iimpawu

I-bronchitis eqhelekileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka, ixesha elingadluli kwiiveki ezintathu, ihamba neklinikhi yomfanekiso:

• ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
• ukukhwehlela okunomileyo okanye okungavelanga (ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-paroxysmal, kubi kakhulu ebusuku nasekuseni);
• ukwanda kwimizuzu yokunyakaza ukuphefumula ukuya kumaxesha angama-18 ngomzuzu;
• ukubonakala kweemoto ezinomlilo kunye nokuphuphuma umoya, okungaqondwa ngabantu abakujikelezileyo kude kusekude, eziphakanyisiwe kwisimo esifanelekileyo.

I-bronchitis ephazamisekayo yokupheliswa kwesifo esingapheliyo, efunyenwe ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo kathathu okanye ngaphezulu konyaka, ibonakalisa ezi zilandelayo:

• ekhanda rhoqo;
• ukukhathala okukhulu;
• ukukhupha;
• ukuphefumula okufutshane;
• "Isiqhelo" sokukhwehlela kunzima ukuhlula i-sputum, ngezinye izikhathi i-brown brown, kunye nokuxutywa kwegazi;
• ukuqhuma, ukukhwela xa uphefumula;
• ngxamele.

Ixesha loxinzelelo, ngokukodwa, lihambelana nexesha elibandayo kwaye lugcinwa ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yesifo sesandulela ngculaza okanye i-hypothermia. Kule meko, ubushushu bomzimba bunokunyuka, buba namandla kwaye buba lukhuni kwaye lubuhlungu buhlungu, kukho ubunzima obubonakalayo ekuphefumuleni. Ubude bokuphindaphinda bu malunga neveki ezi-2-3.

Ukhuhlane kunye ne-bronchitis ephazamisayo

Ukukhuseleka okukhulu kwe-sputum e-viscous, ukuqokelela kwi-bronchi, kubangela ukukhwehlela okugqithisileyo kunye ne-bronchitis eyingozi, ephakanyiswa kwisimo esicacileyo. Ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuthatha ixesha elide kubonwa ebusuku kwaye emva kwangoko kusasa. Ukufihlakeleka kwe-bronchial kunobuthathaka, kunokufumana isicatshulwa, kwaye kule meko kuthathwa njengesifo sokubuyela kwesifo. Ukuhlamba kuhlala kuhamba kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane. Ukuphazamiseka komda we-bronchi, ekhokelela ekungeneni kwe-pulmonary, ihambelana nokukhwehlela okukhulu kunye ne-blanching yesikhumba.

Ukushisa kunye ne-bronchitis ephazamisayo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulana ezisola isifo, zixhalabile ukuba ngaba kukho ukushisa kunye ne-bronchitis ephazamisayo. Kufanelekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba le ntlupheko ayifuni ukuphakama ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayifaneki ukuya kumanqaku aphezulu (amaninzi ayengaphezulu kwama-38 ° C). I-febrile yimeko ebonakalayo yesimo esibi sesifo eso, kwaye i-bronchitis engapheliyo kwiimeko ezininzi ivela kwimvelaphi yokushisa okuqhelekileyo.

I-bronchitis yokukhusela - unyango

Ukuchonga indlela yokuphatha i-bronchitis eyingozi, ugqirha ubeka inamba yeenkqubo zokuxilonga, okwenza kube lula ukufumanisa imbangela yokugula kunye nesantya sobunzima. Ezi nkqubo ziquka:

• ukuxubusha kunye neengxaki zemiphunga;
• Izahlulo-mifanekiso (kubandakanywa nokuqaliswa kohlobo oluphambeneyo);
• spirography ;
• uhlalutyo lwe-sputum;
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ngokubanzi, i-biochemistry);
• iimvavanyo ze-immunological kunye njalo.

Kwiimeko ezinzima izibhedlele zifakwe esibhedlele. I-bronchitis enobuchule kunye ne-obstruction, ngokukodwa ihamba kunye nomkhuhlane, kufuneka ifune ukulala. Emva kokunciphisa imeko, izigulane zikhuthazwa ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza emoyeni omtsha, ngokukodwa ekuseni. Ukongeza, izigulane kufuneka ziqwalasele ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

1. Ukukhanyela ukutshaya (ukucima ukutshaya).
2. Ukuphuza nokuphuza kakhulu (isiselo esifanelekileyo sokusela kufuneka sikhuliswe ngamaxesha ama-1.5-2).
3. Ukutya okunempilo kunye nokukhutshwa kanzima kokutya, amafutha, ukutya okuthosiweyo.
4. Umoya egumbini apho isigulane uhlala khona kufuneka luhlambuluke, luhlaza.

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango:

• unyango lweziyobisi;
• iinkqubo ze-physiotherapeutic (i-percussion kunye ne-massage vibration, electrophoresis, inhalation);
• ukuphefumula, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

I-bronchitis eyimfuneko - uncedo lokuqala

Abantu abaphuhlise i-bronchitis ephazamisayo, unonophelo lwengxamiseko lunokufunwa nanini na, kuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-choking kungakhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungalindelekanga. Izibonakaliso ezibonisa imeko eyingozi kukuba: ukunyanzeliswa kokunyanzeliswa okuhleli phantsi komgca wesitulo kunye nemilenze ngaphandle, ukukhwehlela oomileyo ngokukhenkceza nokukhwaza imilomo, imilomo eluhlaza kunye neempumlo, izibilini. Kule meko, kufuneka ubize i-ambulensi.

Ngaphambi kokufika koogqirha, kufuneka:

1. Ukubonelela ngesigulane ngomoya.
2. Susa izambatho ezivimbela ukuphefumula.
3. Faka isicelo se-inhaler-aerosol kunye ne-bronchodilator, ukuba wayetyunjelwe ngaphambili ugqirha.
4. Sebenzisa indlela yokukhupha i-spasm ye-bronchi, ehambisana nokuphefumula kwerhasi e-carbon-rich and exhale emoyeni, ngokunyanzela ukuchukumisa isithuthuthu kumntu.

I-bronchitis evimbelayo - iziyobisi unyango

Izigulane ezinokuxilongwa "kwe-bronchitis eyingozi" zingachazwa ezi zilandelayo:

• i-bronchodilators ( uSalbutamol , i-Atrovent, i-Serevent);
• i-mucolytics (Ambroxol, Trypsin, Acetylcysteine);
• ii-antibiotics ze-bronchitis ezithintekayo (Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Clarithromycin);
• i-glucocorticosteroids (i-Prednisolone, i-Fluticasone);
• izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimeslide).

Inhalation kunye ne-bronchitis ephazamisayo

Xa unyango lwe-bronchial obstruction luyadingeka, enye yeendlela ezikhethiweyo zokulawula i-nebulazers. Izinto ezisebenzayo zee-asethi ezisetyenzisiweyo zithunyelwa ngexesha elifutshane ukuya kugxininiso lwentlalo, ukuvumela ukuba kususwe i-spasm, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, kwaye ukurhoxisa i-phlegm. Sisebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo zokufumba:

• Berodual ;
• Atrovent;
• Berotek;
• Ventolin;
• Lazolvan;
• Budesonid nabanye.

I-bronchitis evimbelayo - iindlela zonyango

Ukwelashwa kwe-bronchitis eyinqandeko kunye nezilwanyana zamkelekileyo ziyamkeleka emva kwesivumelwano kunye noogqirha oya kwii-recipes, kunye neendlela zokupheka zindoda zingabancedisa kuphela unyango olusisiseko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abagqirha batusa ukuba bathabathe umhluzi weemifuno kunye neerhafu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo neziphumo ezichasayo (umama nonina, ingcambu ye-licorice, thyme).

I-recipe esebenzayo isekelwe kwi-anyanisi

Izithako:

• i-anyanisi - 500 g;
• ushukela - 400 g;
• ubusi - 50 g;
• amanzi - 1 litre.

Ukulungiselela nokusetyenziswa

1. I-Peel uze ucobe i-anyanisi.
2. Hlanganisa noshukela, ujoni, kongeza amanzi.
3. Ubilise ubushushu obuphantsi kweeyure ezintathu, zipholile, zikhuphe.
4. Thatha ipoyiji 4-6 maxesha ngosuku.

I-bronchitis evimbelayo - iingxaki

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-bronchitis ekhuselekeni ngokuqhelekileyo kudla oku kulandelayo:

• emphysema yemiphunga ;
• ukungakwazi ukuphefumula;
• intliziyo yepulmari ;
• bronchiectasis;
• Isondlo segazi sesibini.