I-antibiotiki yiqela lezinto eziphilayo zendalo kunye nezisisigxina ezinokukwazi ukusebenzisana namandla angonakalisayo kwi-microbes, kunye nokuthintela ukuveliswa kwazo. Ngoku kukho iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zamachiza ezinokuthi zinezixhobo ezahlukileyo. Abaninzi babo bavinjelwe ukuba basebenzise, kuba baye bandisa ubuthi. Zonke iintsholongwane zilawulwa ngamaqela ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo samachiza kunye nesenzo.
Amagqabantshintshi aphezulu amayeza anokuthi:
- iqela leepenicillin;
- iqela le-cephalosporins;
- amayeza okulwa neqela le-macrolide;
- i antibiotics yeqela le-tetracycline;
- i antibiotics yeqela le-aminoglycoside.
Ukuba unqunywe amayeza anamandla kunyango, emva kokufunda le nqaku, uya kuba nako ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi iqela le-antibiotics yakho yeziyobisi, kunye nendlela echanekileyo ngayo.
Iintsholongwane zeqela le-macrolide
Iintsholongwane ze-macrolide yeqela le-macrolide zizona zityhefu kumzimba womntu. Amachiza afakwe kweli qela anesigxina, i-bacteriostatic, i-anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. Zisetyenziselwa izifo ezinjenge-sinusitis, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, i-syphilis, i-diphtheria kunye ne-periodontitis. Ukuba umntu unesimo esinzima se-acne, i-toxoplasmosis okanye i-mycobacteriosis, enye yezobisi zingasetyenziswa.
Amayeza omzimba weqela le-macrolide ayinqatshelwe ukuba abantu banelungelo lokuphendula. Awukwazi ukuthatha ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuncelisa. Abantu abadala, kunye nabo banesifo senhliziyo, kufuneka baqaphele ngokuthatha le mayeza.
Antibiotics yeqela le-penicillin
Amachiza e-antibiotics weqela le-penicillin yilezo ziyobisi ezikwazi ukujamelana nokuvela kweeseli zebhaktheriya, ukukhusela ukukhula nokuveliswa kwazo. Iipenicillins zinezixhobo ezincedo kakhulu-zilwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo, i-agent engumgudu ongaphakathi kweeseli zomzimba, kwaye ayinabungozi kumntu othabatha loo mayeza. Isilwanyana esiqhelekileyo esivela kwiqela le-antibiotic ye-penicillin "yi-Amoxiclav." Iingxaki zeqela le-penicillin ziquka ukususwa kwawo ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni.
Amayeza omzimba weqela lama-cephalosporins
I-Cephalosporins yinxalenye yeqela le-beta-lactam antibiotics kwaye kwisakhiwo sifana ne-penicillin. I-antibiotics yeqela le-cephalosporin isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi ezithathelwanayo. Ezi antibiotics zinenzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu: zilwa nalawo maqabunga awanqamene ne-penicillin. I-antibiotics iqela le-cephalosporins lisetyenziselwa izifo zendlela yokuphefumula, inkqubo ye-urinary, izifo ezahlukeneyo zamathumbu.
Amayeza e-tetracycline
I-antibiotics yeqela le-tetracycline liquka "iTetracycline", "Doxycycline", "Oxytetracycline", "Metacyclin". Ezi zi yobisi zisetyenziswa ukulwa neebhaktheriya. Ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-antibiotics yeqela le-tetracycline, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangelwe iziphumo ezinjalo
I-antibiotics yeqela le-fluoroquinolones
I-antibiotics yeqela le-fluoroquinolone lisetyenziselwa izifo ezithathelwanayo zenkqubo yokuphefumula, izitho zangasese, ii-ENT kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi. Amayeza aleli qela afaka "i-Ofloxacin", "i-Norfloxacin", "Levofloxacin".
Amayeza okulwa ne-aminoglycoside
I-antibiotics yeqela le-aminoglycoside lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezintle. Akunakwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukuphazamiseka, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu.