Ekupheleni kuka-2004, uMongameli waseRashiya uVladimir Putin wasayina uMthetho we-Federal owamkela umhla oza kugujwa ngalo Usuku loBunye beSizwe. Ngokwalo xwebhu, eli holide, elizinikele kwenye yeentsuku eziphumeleleyo zaseRashiya, kufuneka ligujwa minyaka yonke ngoNovemba 4. Kwaye okokuqala ngqa iRashiya yagubha le holide yesizwe sele ikhona ngo-2005.
Imbali yeeholide yobudlelwane belizwe
Imbali yoSuku loBunye beSizwe kunye neengcambu zayo zibuyele ngo-1612, xa i-Army People, ekhokelwa yi-Minin nePozharsky, ikhulule isixeko kubantu abavela kumanye amazwe. Ukongeza, yile mcimbi eyabangela ukuphela kwexesha leengxaki eRussia ngekhulu le-17.
Isizathu senkxwaleko yinkxwaleko yamandla. Ukususela ekufeni kuka-Ivan the Terrible (1584) nangaphambi komtshato wokuqala weRomanov (1613), ixesha leengxaki elawula ilizwe, elibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwintsapho yaseRurikovich. Ngokukhawuleza le nkathazo yaba yintlanga-karhulumente: elinye ilizwe lahlukana, ukuphanga okukhulu, ukuphanga, ubuqhophololo, urhwaphilizo kunye nelizwe lalingxinwa nokuxilwa kunye neengxabano. Abakhohlisi abaninzi baqala ukubonakala, bezama ukuthatha itrone yaseRashiya.
Kungekudala amandla athathwe ngu "Semiboyar", ehamba phambili nguPrince Fedor Mstislavsky. Nguye owavumela iiPolesi ukuba zifike kwisixeko waza wazama ukutshata ubukumkani bamaKatolika - inkosana yasePoland yaseVladislav.
Kwaye u-patriarch uHermogen wakhulisa abantu baseRussia ukuba balwe nabahlaseli basePoland kunye nokukhusela ama-Orthodoxy. Kodwa i-anti-polisi eyayivame ukuphikiswa phantsi kweenkokheli zikaPropy Lyapunov yahlukana ngenxa yeengxabano phakathi kwabahloniphekileyo kunye neCosasacks. Oku kwenzeka ngoMatshi 19, 1611.
I-call elandelayo yokudala abantu basekuhlaleni bavalelwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kuphela-ngoSeptemba 1611 ukusuka kumntu "omncinci" wezentengiselwano "u-Kuzma Minin. Kwintetho yakhe edumileyo kwintlanganiso yesixeko, wacetyiswa ukuba angabongi abantu okanye ubomi babo okanye ipropati ngenxa yesizathu esikhulu. Kwi-call yeedolophu zaseMinin baphendule kwaye bazinikela ngokuzithandela bathathe iipesenti ezingamashumi amathathu kwingeniso yabo ukudala i-militia. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakungonelanga, kwaye abantu baphoqelelwe ukuhlawula enye ipesenti ezingamashumi amabini ngeenjongo ezifanayo.
Umlawuli wamagosa angundoqo uMinin wancoma ukuba simema isikhulu sikaNovgorgorod uDmitry Pozharsky. Kwaye abantu abancedisayo basePozharsky bachonga uMinin ngokwakhe. Ngenxa yoko, abantu banyulwe kwaye banxibe ngokuzithemba ngokubini abantu ababini ababa yintloko yentloko yesibili.
Ngaphantsi kwemibhobho yabo, kwahlanganiswa umkhosi omkhulu kula maxesha, kuquka abantu abangaphezu kwe-10 000 ababopheleleka enkonzweni, malunga ne-3,000 i-Cossacks, abahlaseli abayi-1 000 kunye nabanye abalimi abaninzi. Kwaye sele sele kuqale ngoNovemba 1612, nge icon engummangaliso ezandleni zomhlaba wonke, iyakwazi ukutshitshisa isixeko kwaye ixoshe abahlaseli.
Yiloo nto uSuku woBumbano lukaZwelonke ubhiyozelwayo, ogujwa kweli lizwe kutshanje, kodwa ngokwenene le holide ayineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala.
Imibhiyozo yoSuku loBunye beSizwe ngokuqhelekileyo iquka ukubamba iziganeko zentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, kubandakanywa ukuhamba, imirhumo, imicimbi yezemidlalo kunye nezenzo zothando, uMongameli ebeka iintyatyambo kwisikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky, uMphathiswa weMoscow kunye ne-All Russia, i-Divine Liturgy kwibandla eliphambili le sixeko Uspensky Cathedral yeMoscow Kremlin. Kwaye ngokuhlwa kusiphelela ngekonsathi yokuhlwa. Zonke ezi ziganeko zenzeka kwiidolophu ezihlukeneyo zelizwe kwaye ziququzelelwe ngamaqela ezopolitiko kunye nokuhamba kweentlanga zelizwe.