Namhlanje, i-mosaic ithathwa ngokungavumelekanga, kodwa kuphela abantu abacebileyo abanokukufumana. Ngexesha apho kungekho mveliso yamatye, abantu basasaza imidwebo yabo ngezandla zabo, besetyenziselwa iindlela eziphuculweyo kunye namatye ambala.
Okwangoku, iimbali-mlando zineendlela ezine zokwenza imifanekiso engamaRoma: iRoma, i-Russian Alexandrian ne-Florentine. Into eyona yinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke i-mosaic ye-Florentine. Ukwenza oko, abaculi basebenzisa amatye enziwe ngambala: iliso le-tiger, i-amethyst, i-malachite, i-agate, i-carnelian, inyoka, i-jasper, i-marble, i-lapis lazuli, i-sodalite, i-hematite. Xa wenza umfanekiso, amatye e-shades athile asetyenziswayo, anikezwa umumo oyifunayo kwaye anqunywe. Emva kokucubungula, izixhobo zamatye zidibanisa ndawonye ukuze zenze umzekelo. Ukukhethwa kwemigca ejikeleziweyo, amaninzi amancinci okanye isilwanyana esisetyenzisiweyo esisetyenzisiweyo. Umfanekiso obangelwayo unokuthumela ngokuchanekileyo iifayile kunye neenkcukacha kunye nee-halftones, okunzima ukuphumeza nangona upende lweoli.
Imbali yomzobo
Umzobo we- Florentine wawuvela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 kwaye yayidume iminyaka engama-300. Ekuphuhliseni nasekuphuculweni kobugcisa bokudala "imidwebo yamatye" inendima enkulu yadlala ngumbutho waseTuscan uFerdinand I de Medici. Wayengowokuqala ukumisela iworkshop yokusebenza ngamatye anqabileyo kunye nantoni, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "Igalari kaDei Lavori." Apha amakhosi aseItali aqala ukuzama ukuqokelela imifanekiso yamatye anombala, kamva waziwa ngokuba yi "pietra dura".
Iigugu ziye zavelisa indlela yazo yomthi obizwa ngokuba yi "commesso", eguqulelwe ekuthiwa "i-docked". Kutheni igama elinjalo? Inyaniso kukuba amatye anqabileyo, emva kokusika nokubunjwa kweso sifiso, ayongezwa kwipateni ethile ukuze umgca phakathi kwabo wawusondele ungabonakali. Indlela yokwenza umzobo wase-Florentine yayisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamacwecwe etafile, iipaneli zodonga, amabhokisi ezinobucwebe, iibhodi ze-chess, kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto zefenitshala. Ngelishwa, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lohlobo lobugcisa lwayeka ukuba lufaneleke, njengoko abantu batshintshe ekudwebeni nasekwakhiweni.
Namhlanje, i-mosaics kwindlela yokwenza "i-pietra dura" inokufumaneka kwiimyuziyam zembali kunye neziqokelelo zangasese. Imisebenzi yomdumo kakhulu edumile: "Inkundla yaseMoscow", "Iphaneli ene-sunflower", "Umqondo wokunuka kunye nokuthintela", "Intaba yomlambo".
Umzobo we-Florentine owenziwe ngamacandelo okuvelisa ngamatye
Umzobo waseItali unamanani amaninzi awahlula kwezinye iindidi zobumbano:
- zonke iindawo zomfanekiso zixinyiwe kangangokuba ukudibanisa phakathi kwamatye kubonakala kungabonakali;
- zonke izixhobo mazibe phantsi ngokucokisekileyo kwaye kwindiza enye;
- Ikopi eyona nto imele ihluke kwi-original, ngokuba kwindalo akukho zixhobo ezifanayo;
- Ukudalwa komfanekiso omnye kungathatha inyanga eziliqela;
- ngokungafani nemidwebo kwinqanawa, imifanekiso esuka kweli litye ayiyikuphela kwaye ingatshatyalali iminyaka emininzi.
Namhlanje, "imizobo yamatye" ihobisa amabhokisi amancinci okanye iingcango zekhabhinethi. Imali eninzi ithathwa ngomsebenzi, njengoko umfanekiso ngamnye wenziwe ngokwemiyalelo yomntu.
Abanye abaklami basebenzisa iteknoloji yaseTaliyane ukwenza iingubo zamabhinqa. Imihlobiso, i-brooches kunye namacici amakhulu ahlotshiswe ngamacwecwe amancinci yamatye enombala, afakwe kwipateni ethile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinto ezifanayo kumveliso omnye zinokuthi zibe nemithunzi eyahlukileyo ngenxa yobunzima belo lendalo.
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
