Abanye abantwana balindele ngentshiseko "intsimbi yokuqala", ngelixa abanye balungiselela izihlazo kubazali babo, abafuni ukuba ngabokuqala. Ukulungisa ngokuchanekileyo iingxaki ezinjalo kwaye ulungiselele ngokupheleleyo umntwana ukuqeqesha uncedo lweziphakamiso zeengcali ze-psychotherapists kunye nezingane.
Nini ukunika umntwana esikolweni?
Ukulungiswa kwamalungiselelo eengqondo, ezomzimba nezentlalo ezibonelela abantwana abanokufumana ulwazi olumnandi nolwazi olulula luphakathi kweminyaka eyi-6 no-7 yobomi. Xa ukhetha ukuba uneminyaka emininzi yokunika umntwana esikolweni, kungcono ukuba ungagqibi kwaye uzame ukukhula " indigo ". Uphando lweengcali ziqinisekisa ukuba ukutyelela kwamandulo amaziko emfundo kukuchaphazela kakubi impilo yengqondo yabantwana, ubudala obudala bokuba ngumlingisi wokuqala ngowama-7-8.
Ukuxilongwa kwimeko yokulungiselela umntwana esikolweni
Ukukwazi ukuziphatha ngokwemveli kumaqela ahlukeneyo, ukubhala okanye ukufunda akusiyo isizathu esinamandla sokuqala kwimfundo yesibini. Iimfuno zokulungiselela umntwana esikolweni zihlala ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- ngengqondo;
- yengqondo;
- yenyama;
- intetho;
- yentlalo;
- khuthaza.
Abazali abaninzi bayakuhoxisa ukungabikho kwesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezinto ezidweliswe, ukunyusa uxanduva lwabafundisi ("kwiklasi yokuqala baya kufundisa nokuxelela"). Kubalulekile ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ukulungelelana komntwana ngokugqibeleleyo esikolweni kwaye uqwalasele zonke iinkqubo ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla, ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokuqala zokuhlola. Unokufaka isicelo seengcebiso zobuchwepheshe kwaye uncede umntwana wengqondo yengqondo.
Ukulungelelanisa ngengqondo yomntwana esikolweni
Ukuqala inkqubo yokuqeqesha okunzulu, umntwana kufuneka aphuhliswe kakuhle ngengqondo. Oku kuthetha ukukhula ngokwaneleyo kokusebenza kwezakhiwo ezithile zobuchopho. Iimpawu zokulungela umntwana esikolweni zibandakanya ezo zakhono:
- ukuseka uxhulumano olunengqiqo;
- Ukuqoqa iqela lezinto ngezizathu ezifanayo kunye nokufumanisa ukungafani phakathi kwabo (ukuvelisa nokuhlalutya);
- ukugxininiswa nokugcinwa kwengqalelo kwemizuzu engama-20;
- inkumbulo ephuhlisiwe;
- indawo-ukuziqhelanisa nomzimba;
- akhawunti yeemathematika;
- ukumelwa kwamanani ejometri;
- ulwazi lwembala, iileta.
I-future-grader kufuneka ibe nolwazi oluncinane ngaye:
- apho ehlala khona;
- igama;
- ifani;
- malungu omndeni;
- uqeqesho lwezihlobo;
- iinombolo zomnxeba zabazali (mhlawumbi).
Ukulungelelwa kwengqondo kwengane ngokufunda
Ukususela ngoSeptemba 1, abantwana bawela kwindawo entsha kunye entsha kunye nabo bonke, ngoko ke kufuneka bakwazi ukujamelana neengxaki zesikhonzi kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki zabo ngokuzimeleyo. Ukulungelelana komntwana esikolweni kuya kuqulunqwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- ukukwazi ukugcina ngaphakathi kweendlela zabo zokuziphatha;
- uzinzo;
- ukungabikho kwezenzo ezinobundlobongela okanye ezinomdla kunye nokuphendula;
- ntlangano;
- ukuqina.
Ukulungelelwa kwengqondo yesikolo ngokweengqondo kubandakanya ukukwazi ukufumana umyalelo womyalelo kunye nokuwalandela, nokuba umntwana uya kukhetha ukwenza izinto ezithandekayo okanye ukuya kwenye indawo. Oku kunceda ukugcina isiluleko, ukufumana imbopheleleko kumsebenzi kunye nokuphucula ukuqonda ukusebenzisana kweziphumo.
Ukulungelelaniswa komzimba wesikolo esikolweni
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukusebenza kakubi ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo, ukungabi nolwazi nolunyanzelwane. Kukho imeko ezininzi apho abantwana bengenakufunda ukufunda ngenxa ye- dyslexia , kodwa ootitshala nabazali bayayigcinanga eso sifo. Ukuzimisela ukulungiselela umntwana esikolweni kwenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziqhelekileyo:
- ukubona kunye nokuva kuqhelekileyo;
- ulungelelaniso oluphambili kunye nezakhono zomnyo;
- ukuchaneka kweendawo ezichanekileyo;
- Ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kweziganeko kunye nezinto;
- inomdla kwimisebenzi yomzimba, imisebenzi yezemidlalo.
Ukulungelelwa kwentetho yomntwana esikolweni
Iklasi yokuqala ibandakanya ukunxibelelana okusebenzayo komntwana kunye nootitshala, abaqeqeshi kunye noontanga. Ukuze inkqubo yokufunda idlule ngokulula kwaye ikhuselekile, kubalulekile ukuvavanya kwangaphambili inxalenye yokuthetha yokulungiselela umntwana esikolweni:
- ukufumana isigama esininzi;
- ukwakhiwa okuchanekileyo kweziphakamiso;
- ulwazi lwesiseko segrama;
- ukunikezelwa ngokubambisana kweengcinga kunye neengqinisiso;
- ukukwazi ukuthetha i-monologue, ukubuyisela.
Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba nayiphi na iphosakeli yentetho ilungiswe ngoncedo lwengcali yomlomo kunye nezifundo zasekhaya. Ukulungelelwa kwengane esikolweni kunika ukubethelwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwazo zonke iileta, ukuhlanganiswa kwazo okunzima. Ngaphandle koko, inkunzi inokuba neentloni ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo nokufunda, ukuthetha. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kukukhokelela ekuhlekeleni nasekuhlaselweni, ukuphazamiseka kokuzithemba nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwezenhlalakahle zomntwana esikolweni
Ukulungelelaniswa kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kubantwana ukuba bahlale kuluntu baqala ngethuba lokuqala, kunye noonxibelelwano kunye neentsapho kunye neeklasi. Ngombulelo ngokuhlala rhoqo, inqanaba lokulungela umntwana esikolweni lisoloko landa kwaye unyaka wesi-7 sele lifikelele kwizinga elinelisayo:
- Ukunxibelelana ngokuhlonipha kunye nabafundi abadala;
- iingxoxo kunye noontanga;
- ubuchule bokuba nobuhlobo nobungane;
- sebenza kwiqela;
- ukhetho lweenkokheli okanye inceku;
- ukugcina ingxoxo;
- Ukufakwa kwenkampani;
- ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphambili;
- ukuqonda nokuhlonipha;
- mfesane.
Ukulungelelaniswa komntwana esikolweni
Isibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokufunda ephumelelayo ngumnqweno wokufumana amava amatsha, ulwazi kunye nokusebenza. Ukulungelelwa kwabantwana ukufunda esikolweni kuhlolwe ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko echazwe. Ukuze ube ngumgcini-mhlaba wokuqala onomdla, umntwana kufuneka:
- bazama ukufumana ulwazi;
- ukuba nomdla kwihlabathi elijikelezile;
- phupha malunga no msebenzi;
- cinga ngekamva lakho.
Uvavanyo lokulungela umntwana esikolweni
Ngomhla woLwazi lweSuku, abantwana bayamenywa kwingxoxo-ndlebe yangaphambili. Kubalulekile ukuba utitshala ajwayelane nezingane, bafumane amandla abo kwaye banikele iingcebiso ezixabisekileyo kubazali, bancede ukuphucula ukulungelelwa kwengqondo yesikolo. Uvavanyo lunika uvavanyo lwezibonakaliso eziliqela:
- ukuzinza kwengqondo nokuzinzileyo;
- ulungelelaniso loluntu;
- uphuhliso lwengqondo;
- buchule kunye nefuthe.
Isheke esisiseko sokulungiselela umntwana esikolweni singenziwa ekhaya, ukuba abazali banomdla wokwazi iziphumo kwangaphambili. Uvavanyo olulula lula ngokwengqondo:
- Dweba umntu. Umfanekiso mawube mkhulu kwaye uphawule, ulinganise.
- Khuphela lo mbhalo. Nangona inkomo ingazi ukuba ibhale kakuhle, phantsi kophuhliso oluqhelekileyo unako ukukopisha iileta.
- Bonisa isethi yamaphupha. Ngokufanayo, ukubhaliswa, umntwana kufuneka acishe afane nokuphindaphinda umfanekiso, ukuze inani lezinto lihambelane ngokufanayo.
Ukuvavanywa koluntu:
- Qaphela ngokucophelela indlela umntwana onokufundela ngayo aziphathe ngayo-ingaba uthetha nabanye abantwana, ingaba ufumana abahlobo.
- Funda isimo sengqondo somntwana kubantu abakhulileyo nabalupheleyo. Ngaba ungezantsi kwindawo yokuhlala, ngaba ulandele umyalelo?
- Nika ibhola iqela lomdlalo. Ukuzonwabisa okunjalo kuya kubonisa indlela eyazi ngayo ukusebenzisana, yintoni na ayithathayo.
Uhlolo lweengcinga:
- Bala ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-10.
- Susa, songa.
- Khupha ngebali elifutshane emfanekisweni okanye uchaze oko kwenzekayo kuyo.
- Ukubiza amanani ejometri.
- Funda umhlathi.
- Yenza isikwere, unxantathu weentonga (umxube).
- Hlela izinto ngezinye iimpawu (umbala, injongo, ubukhulu).
- Khetha isichazi esifanelekileyo kwisibizo.
- Gama igama lakho, idilesi.
- Xelela ngabazali kunye nosapho.
Ngokumalunga neenjongo kunye neempawu zobuqu kulula ukufunda, ukuba uthetha nje nomntwana. Kubalulekile ukubuza:
- nokuba ufuna (kwaye kutheni) ukufunda;
- abo baphupha ukuba babe kwixesha elizayo;
- oko afuna ukukwenza ngexesha lakhe lokuzimela;
- zeziphi izifundo eza kuba yizinto zakhe.
Iingxaki zokulungela abantwana ekufundeni
Ezi ngxaki ziphakama ukuba umntwana unqabe ngokukodwa ukufumana ulwazi kwaye akafuni ukuba ngumgcini wokuqala. Nokuba ukulungelelanisa ingqondo, ezentlalo kunye nokuzikhethela ngokwengqondo esikolweni ukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka xa umntwana engenazo izizathu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bafumane oko kubangela ukuphendula okungalunganga.
Kutheni umntwana engafuni ukuya esikolweni?
Ingxaki ekuthethwa ngayo ingakumbi ukwesaba nokonwaba komntwana ngaphambi kokungena kwiziko lemfundo. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana akafuni ukuya esikolweni ngenxa yeengxelo ezingekho phantsi kweentsapho. Ezinye iigama ezibhekiselelwe ngengozi zihlehliselwe imemori kwaye zibonakaliswa kakhulu kwiingcamango zokufunda:
- "Akukho mntu uya kukunceda esikolweni";
- "Ngolwazi olunjalo aluyi kuthathwa kwiklasi yokuqala";
- "Wonke umntu uya kukuhleka" kunye namazwi afanayo.
Umntwana akakulungele isikolo - yintoni enokuyenza?
Ukuba iimvavanyo zangaphambili zibonise ukungabikho kwinqanaba elifunekayo lolwazi, ukuphuhliswa ngokomzimba okanye ngokwengqondo ngokwamkelwa kwelokuqala kwibakala, kufuneka uqalise ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki. Naliphi na iingxaki ezikhoyo zixazululwa ngoncedo lwezifundo ngamnye kunye nosana, ulingisa isikolo. Abaphathi kunye nabantwana be-psychotherapists bacebisa ngelithi:
- Ukuqhelana nomntwana kwirejista rhoqo yosuku .
- Ngokuqhelekileyo umdumise, musa ukuhlwaya ukungaphumeleli kwaye ungaqhathanisi (kakubi) nabanye.
- Yifunde ngolunye usuku ulwazi olutsha kunye, ngokukhethekileyo kwifom yemidlalo.
- Ukuxhasa umntwana kwimisebenzi eyahlukileyo, ukumnceda ekukhetheni i-hobby.
- Ukunika ixesha lokwenza umsebenzi.
- Ukubonelela ngenkululeko yezenzo (kwimida efanelekileyo) ekuphuhliseni ukuzimela, uxanduva lomntu ngamnye.
- Xelela amabali amnandi kwaye amnandi ukususela ebuntwaneni bakho.
- Chaza ukuba zeziphi iinzuzo umntwana azakufumana xa eba ngumgcini wokuqala.
- Thenga izinto zokwenza izinto zokubhala nokudweba. Hlela indawo encinane yomsebenzi (idesksi okanye idesksi, usihlalo).
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, bhekisa kwiingcali ezincinci zengcali (ingcali yeengqondo, umlomo wengcali kunye nabanye).