Ngokulindele ukuzalwa komntwana, abazali abambalwa bacinga ngokuzaliseka kwazo zonke iziganeko ezihambelana nalo mcimbi obonwabileyo. Kodwa ixesha esiphila kuyo lithetha ukuzaliseka kweemeko ezithile ezichazwe kumgaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho weliphi na ilizwe. Umbuzo we-propiska kubaninzi kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali abazi ukuba babhalise umntwana omncinci, nokuba ngaba kungenzeka ukuba angabhalisi umntwana, kuphi na apho kulunge khona ukumisela umntwana, kwaye yimaphi amaxwebhu ayadingeka kule nto. Ngokufanayo, xa bejamelene neemeko ezinzima, abaninzi abanamava abo kunye namalungelo omntwana obhalisiwe kwigumbi. Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezinokuchaphazela iminqweno yomntwana kwixesha elizayo, kungcono ukubuyela kummeli olungileyo, kodwa okokuqala abazali kufuneka bazi ukuba kunikwe ntoni umthetho, ngokubhekiselele kumbango wokubhalisa indawo kunye namalungelo okuhlala kwindawo.
Uphi na indlela yokumisela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa?
Umbuzo wokuba umntwana ufuna iimvume zokuhlala zichaphazeleka ngokukodwa xa kukho iingxaki zendawo yokuhlala. Ngokomzekelo, kucetywayo ukuthengisa okanye ukutshintshiselwa kwezindlu, okanye abanini beli gumbi, apho abazali babhaliswe khona kwi-propiska yomntwana. Ngaphantsi komthetho, umntwana kufuneka abhaliswe kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukususela ngomhla wokuzalwa, ukubhalisa abantwana kwindawo yokuhlala kuyo omnye wabazali. Imithetho yaseRashiya ne-Ukraine inika ixabiso xa umntwana engabhaliswanga ndawo, ubukhulu bayo buxhomekeke kubude bokuhlala ngaphandle kokubhalisa. Ukubhalisa umntwana kwindlu ngaphandle kwemvume yomnini phantsi komthetho we-Ukraine kunokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-10, kwaye phantsi komthetho waseRashiya ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-14, ukuba kukho imvume yabazali kunye nenye yazo ibhaliswe. Ngaphantsi kwemithetho yaseRashiya, abantwana banqunywe kuphela kwindawo yokuhlala yabazali. Ngaphantsi komthetho waseUkraine, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubhalise umntwana ngaphandle kwabazali kwindlu yokuhlala, kodwa kuphela ngemvume yabanini. Ukuze ubhalise umama kumntwana, imvume yabanini bezindlu iya kufuneka.
Ukuthengisa indawo apho umntwana ebhaliswe khona, imvume yebhunga lomgcini iyimfuneko. Ugunyaziso lukhutshwe ekuboniseni ubungqina bokuba amalungelo omntwana akayi kuphulwa. Umzekelo, umntwana angabhaliswa okwesikhashana kunye nogogo wakhe, okanye ezinye izihlobo eziseduze, ibhunga alikwazi ukuvumela ukuba iimeko zezindlu zendawo yokuhlala entsha zibi kakhulu, indawo engaphantsi kweendawo zokuhlala, okanye isimo seendawo eziphilayo.
Abazali bafanele baxoxe ngokukhawuleza apho kunye nendlela yokumisela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa ukuze kuphephe iingxaki kamva. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana unikwe umama, kodwa ngokuvunyelwa kwabazali, inokumiselwa kwenye indawo. Ukwenza oku, uzakufuna isatifikethi esichazela ukuba indoda ayizange ibhalise umntwana ekhaya, kwaye isethi efunekayo yamaphepha ayimfuneko ukuba i-propiska. Ngaphambi kokubhalisa umntwana omncinci, utata uya kufuna imvume yomama, isatifikethi sokuthi umntwana akabhaliswanga kunye naye, mhlawumbi, imvume yebhunga lokulondoloza ukuba umntwana wayebhaliswe ngaphambili kwenye indawo.
Umntwana omncinci obhalisiwe kwigumbi unamalungelo okwenxenye yalo, ukuba le nxalenye yipropati yabazali, phantsi komthetho onika amalungelo omntwana kwipropati yabazali. Ukuba ngaba ngaba ngabaqashi, ke umntwana unamalungelo okuqesha okufanayo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba awubhale ngaphandle kwemvume yelungu lomgcini.
Indlela yokubhalisa umntwana ongaphantsi komntwana onomama ngaphandle kwemvume kayise?
Xa umtshato uqhawule, umba wokubhaliswa komntwana usombulule ngokuvisisana nabazali okanye ngomyalelo wenkundla. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uhlala kunye nonina, kwaye, ngelishwa, imeko ixhaphakile xa uyise enganiki imvume yokubhalisa umntwana kumama. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuxazulula umba okwaneleyo ukuya enkundleni, malunga nokuba ngubani ohlala naye. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuyadingeka ukubonakalisa ukuba ngezenzo zalo umzali ubangela ubungozi kumntwana kwaye aphule amalungelo akhe. Ukuze kulungiswe umbuzo onjalo kumntwana, kungcono ukubuyela kummeli oza kuthi uya kugqiba inkqubo yokujongana nemeko ethile.
Abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba ukubhalisa umntwana kukuthobela amalungelo abo omthetho ukuba babe nepropati okanye baqeshise indawo yokuhlala. Imithetho yombutho ngamnye inikezela ukhuselo lwabantwana kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni yabantu abadala. Kuzo zonke iimeko ezisongela amalungelo omntwana, kuyimfuneko ukuqhagamshelana nebhunga lokugcina okanye amanye amabhunga okhuselo.