Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-subspecies ye-immunodeficiency syndrome. Njengamanje, inani labafazi abanesifo sengculaza lokubeletha likhula ngokukhawuleza. Esi sifo sisoloko senzeke ngokungabonakaliyo, okanye sididekile ngokubandayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umama ozayo uya kufumanisa ngokugula kwakhe, ukunikezela ngokubonisana kwabasetyhini ukuhlolwa kovavanyo lwe-HIV. Ezi zinyani, ewe, zithatha umhlaba phantsi kweenyawo zakho. Kuninzi ukwesaba: nokuba umntwana uya ku suleleka, ingaba akayi kuhlala yinkedama, oko abanye bathethayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kowesifazane okhulelweyo, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa kwangoko kwimichiza, kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukukhusela umntwana ukuba angenelele kumama.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo
Ukuhlolwa kovavanyo lwe-HIV kwabasetyhini kwimeko kuqhutyelwa amaxesha angama-2-3 kwithuba lonke lokukhulelwa. Ukunikezela olu hlalutyo luyimfuneko kuwo wonke umama ozayo. Ekuqaleni ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, amathuba okuzalwa komntwana onempilo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abafazi banikwa i-immunoassay ye-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Igazi lithathwa kwi-vein, kwi-serum apho i-antibodies yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane inqunywe. Olu pho nonongo lunokunika iziphumo ezingalunganga kunye ezimbi. I-HIV enobuxoki ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwenzeka kubasetyhini abanembali yezifo ezingapheliyo. Isiphumo esingalunganga sonyango sokungena kwi-immunoassay sinokwenzeka ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, xa umzimba ungakhange uvelise iintsholongwane ze-HIV.
Kodwa ukuba uhlalutyo lomfazi onentsholongwane kaGawulayo lukhuthaze ekukhulelweni, kwenziwa uphando olongezelelweyo ukucacisa umlinganiselo wokhuseleko lomzimba kunye nesimo sesifo.
Ukukhulelwa kunye noGawulayo
Ukukhulelwa komntwana kumama osulelekileyo kunokwenzeka kwi-20-40% ngokungabikho kwamachiza. Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokusasazeka kwe-HIV:
- Ngethuba lokukhulelwa. Ukuba lonakaliswe okanye livutha, umsebenzi okhuselekileyo we-placenta awunakucala.
- Indlela eqhelekileyo yokusulela ukusuleleka ngoGawulayo ngexesha lokungena kwinqanaba lokuzalwa komama. Ngeli xesha, umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa unokuqhagamshelana negazi lomama okanye ukufihla umfazi. Nangona kunjalo, icandelo le-care isanisiseko sokuzalwa komntwana onempilo.
- Ngomso wobisi emva kokubeleka. Unina osulelwe nguGawulayo kufuneka anikezele unyamezelo.
Kukho izinto ezandisa ukwanda kwe-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa kumntwana. Ezi ziquka inqanaba eliphezulu le ntsho longwane kwigazi (xa usulelekile ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, isigaba esinzima sesifo), ukutshaya, iziyobisi, izenzo zesondo ezingakhuselekanga, kunye nemeko yobusana ngokwayo (ukungavaliyo kwenkqubo yokuzivikela kumzimba).
Usulelo lwe-HIV kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo aluchaphazeli umphumo wokukhulelwa ngokwawo. Nangona kunjalo iingxaki ziyakwenzeka kwisigaba esiqinileyo sesifo - i-AIDS, kwaye ukukhulelwa kungabangela ukubeleka, ukubeleka kwangaphambili ngenxa yokugqithwa kweembrane kunye nokuphuma kwe-amniotic fluid. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uyazalwa enesisindo esiphantsi.
Unyango lwe-HIV xa ukhulelwa
Xa i-HIV ifunyenwe, abafazi abakhulelweyo bayamiselwa unyango, kodwa kungekhona ukuphucula imeko yowesifazane, kodwa ukunciphisa amathuba okusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-semester yesibini, enye yezilwanyana ezichazwe kumama ozayo zidovudine okanye azidothymidine. Isicatshulwa sithathwa kulo lonke ukhulelwe kwaye ngexesha lokubeletha kuquka. Isicatshulwa esifanayo sinikezwa nosana ngosuku lokuqala lobomi bakhe, kodwa ngesimo sesiraphu. Icandelo le-Caesarea liya kunciphisa amathuba okudluliselwa kwe-HIV ngamaxesha amabini. Ngokunikezelwa kwemvelo, oogqirha bayakuphepha ukukhutshwa kwe-perineum okanye ukugqitywa kwesisu, kwaye umbhobho wokuzalwa wesifazane uhlala unyangwa nge-disinfectants. I-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa akukabikho isigwebo. Nangona kunjalo, umama ozayo kufuneka athathe uxanduva lokumisela oogqirha ukukhusela intsholongwane yomntwana.